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Zatoński MZ, Egbe CO, Robertson L, Gilmore A. Framing the policy debate over tobacco control legislation and tobacco taxation in South Africa. Tob Control 2023; 32:450-457. [PMID: 34824147 PMCID: PMC10314007 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2018, South Africa opened public consultations on its newly proposed tobacco control bill, resulting in substantial public debate in which a range of arguments, either in favour of or against the Bill, was advanced. These were accompanied by the recurring discussions about the annual adjustments in tobacco taxation. This study uses the concept of framing to examine the public debate in South African print media on the potential effects of the legislation, as well as tobacco tax regulations, between their proponents and detractors. METHODS A systematic search of news articles using multiple data sources identified 132 media articles published between January 2018 and September 2019 that met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Seven overarching frames were identified as characterising the media debate, with the three dominant frames being Economic, Harm reduction and vaping, and Health. The leading Economic frame consisted primarily of arguments unsupportive of tobacco control legislation. Economic arguments were promoted by tobacco industry spokespeople, trade unions, organisations of retailers, media celebrities and think tanks-several of which have been identified as front groups or third-party lobbyists for the tobacco industry. CONCLUSION The dominance of economic arguments opposing tobacco control legislation risks undermining tobacco control progress. Local and global tobacco control advocates should seek to build relationships with media, as well as collate and disseminate effective counterarguments to those advanced by the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Zygmunt Zatoński
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- European Observatory of Health Inequalities, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Catherine O Egbe
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lindsay Robertson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna Gilmore
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review on flavour capsule cigarettes aims to examine prevalence, correlates of use, behaviours and perceptions of these products globally. DATA SOURCES A search of original, peer-reviewed research without restrictions in publication year, population, study design or language, using a combination of cigarette and capsule terms was conducted across four databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus), indexed until 30 April 2021. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they presented original, human subjects research on flavour capsule cigarettes. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently extracted data on main outcome results and assessed risk of bias using a validated quality assessment tool (QATSDD). DATA SYNTHESIS Of 842 unduplicated database records and four studies from citation searching screened, 20 studies were included in the review. Studies reported data from 2009 to 2019 across eight countries, the majority of which used cross-sectional or focus group study designs. Current capsule use among smokers was highest in Chile and Mexico (40%) and was associated with younger age, and in some countries, with being female. Capsule cigarettes are perceived as tasting better, being smoother on the throat, more fun to smoke, and more attractive compared with non-capsule cigarettes, particularly among susceptible non-smokers and non-daily smokers. CONCLUSION Findings call for the adoption of comprehensive tobacco control policies that account for flavour capsules and similar iterations, which can increase appeal through flavours and innovative features. Continued monitoring and research of these products is critical, with particular attention to low-income and middle-income countries, which make up a disproportionately larger share of the capsule market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Kyriakos
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mateusz Zygmunt Zatoński
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- European Observatory of Health Inequalities, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to identify marketing elements of flavour capsule variants (FCVs), cigarettes that release flavour when a capsule(s) embedded in the filter is crushed. DATA SOURCES A search of original research without restrictions in publication year, population, study design or language using a combination of cigarette and capsule terms was conducted across four databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus), indexed until 13 December 2021, along with a citation search. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they presented original research relevant to marketing features of FCVs. DATA EXTRACTION One author performed data extraction and coded outcomes based on '4Ps' of marketing mix theory: product, place, price and promotion. The second author conducted a cross-check. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 2436 unduplicated database records and 30 records from other sources, 40 studies were included in the review. Studies were published between 2009 and 2021. Study methodologies primarily included content analysis of cigarette packs/sticks, review of tobacco industry documents and content analysis of advertising information. Findings suggest FCVs are marketed using a mix of strategies, particularly characterised by product innovation, timing market launches around tobacco policies, point-of-sale advertising and packaging to communicate a high-tech, customisable and flavourful product. CONCLUSION Findings illuminate the marketing strategies of FCVs that are likely driving their global growth, particularly among young people and in low and middle-income countries. Comprehensive tobacco control regulations are needed to close loopholes and curb industry efforts to circumvent existing policies in order to mitigate uptake of FCVs and other product innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Kyriakos
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Mateusz Zygmunt Zatoński
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- European Observatory of Health Inequalities, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
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Nogueira SO, Driezen P, Fu M, Hitchman SC, Tigova O, Castellano Y, Kyriakos CN, Zatoński MZ, Mons U, Quah ACK, Demjén T, Trofor AC, Przewozniak K, Katsaounou P, Fong G, Vardavas CI, Fernández E. Beyond the European Union Tobacco Products Directive: smokers' and recent quitters' support for further tobacco control measures (2016-2018). Tob Control 2022; 31:765-769. [PMID: 33727255 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several measures recommended by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control have not been implemented in the European Union, despite changes in the legislation such as the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD). This study aims to understand smokers' and recent quitters' levels of support for tobacco control measures that go beyond the TPD during and after its implementation. METHODS Data from wave 1 (2016, n=6011) and wave 2 (2018, n=6027) of the EUREST-PLUS International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Six European Countries Survey, a cohort of adult smokers in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain were used to estimate the level of support for seven different tobacco control measures, overall and by country. RESULTS In 2018, the highest support was for implementing measures to further regulate tobacco products (50.5%) and for holding tobacco companies accountable for the harm caused by smoking (48.8%). Additionally, in 2018, 40% of smokers and recent quitters supported a total ban on cigarettes and other tobacco products within ten years, if assistance to quit smoking is provided. Overall, support for tobacco control measures among smokers and recent quitters after the implementation of the TPD remained stable over time. CONCLUSION There is considerable support among smokers and recent quitters for tobacco control measures that go beyond the current measures implemented. A significant percentage of smokers would support a ban on tobacco products in the future if the government provided assistance to quit smoking. This highlights the importance of implementing measures to increase smoking cessation in conjunction with other policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O Nogueira
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Programme, Institut Catala d' Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Mèdica (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pete Driezen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Programme, Institut Catala d' Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Mèdica (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara C Hitchman
- Department of Addictions, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Olena Tigova
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Programme, Institut Catala d' Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Mèdica (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Castellano
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Programme, Institut Catala d' Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Mèdica (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christina N Kyriakos
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, London, UK
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mateusz Zygmunt Zatoński
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Health Promotion Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute - European Observatory of Health Inequalities, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Ute Mons
- Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cancer Prevention Unit and WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne C K Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tibor Demjén
- Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antigona Carmen Trofor
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa' Iasi, Iasi, Romania
- Aer Pur Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Krzysztof Przewozniak
- Health Promotion Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Collegium Civitas, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paraskevi Katsaounou
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Geoffrey Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Constantine I Vardavas
- European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention, Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Programme, Institut Catala d' Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Mèdica (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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