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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Bagwell C, Barao F, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Behlmann M, Belyaev N, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, Bollweg K, Bolster J, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Burmeister S, Cai XD, Capell M, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen GR, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Chouridou S, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dass A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Díaz C, Dimiccoli F, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Faldi F, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Freeman C, Gámez C, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guracho AN, Haino S, Han KC, Hashmani RK, He ZH, Heber B, Hsieh TH, Hu JY, Incagli M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Karagöz G, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kirn T, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krasnopevtsev D, Kuhlman A, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, LaVecchia G, Lazzizzera I, Lee HT, Lee SC, Li HL, Li JQ, Li M, Li Q, Li QY, Li S, Li SL, Li JH, Li ZH, Liang J, Liang MJ, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu JH, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo JZ, Luo X, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Marquardt J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Medvedeva T, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikhailov VV, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Negrete J, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Ocampo-Peleteiro J, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poluianov S, Qin X, Qu ZY, Quadrani L, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Robyn E, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Siedenburg T, Song JW, Song XJ, Sonnabend R, Strigari L, Su T, Sun Q, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Urban T, Usoskin I, Vagelli V, Vainio R, Valencia-Otero M, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang CX, Wang L, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yashin II, Yelland A, Yi H, Yu YM, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang FZ, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng C, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zuccon P. Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:161001. [PMID: 37154630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.161001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×10^{8} electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - C Bagwell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Belyaev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - J Bolster
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Burmeister
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Y H Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - G R Chen
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Chouridou
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Dass
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - V Di Felice
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Faldi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Freeman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Gámez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - R K Hashmani
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - B Heber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - G Karagöz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Krasnopevtsev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kuhlman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - G LaVecchia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - H L Li
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - M Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Y Li
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - S Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S L Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Li
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Liang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M J Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J H Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marquardt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Medvedeva
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - V V Mikhailov
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - M Molero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - P Mott
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Negrete
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - J Ocampo-Peleteiro
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Oliva
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Poluianov
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | | | - E Robyn
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - X J Song
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - R Sonnabend
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Strigari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Su
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q Sun
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Urban
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - I Usoskin
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Vainio
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Valencia-Otero
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C X Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z M Wang
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I I Yashin
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - A Yelland
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y M Yu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Bjornhart B, Mouritzen M, Kristiansen C, Holmskov K, Wedervang K, Jorgensen T, Herrstedt J, Pohl M, Schytte T. 1114P Long-term outcome in Danish real-life patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Barao F, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Behlmann M, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Burmeister S, Cai XD, Capell M, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen GR, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Chouridou S, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dass A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Díaz C, Dimiccoli F, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Freeman C, Gámez C, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Haino S, Han KC, Hashmani RK, He ZH, Heber B, Hsieh TH, Hu JY, Incagli M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Karagöz G, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kirn T, Konyushikhin M, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krasnopevtsev D, Kuhlman A, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lee HT, Lee SC, Li HL, Li JQ, Li M, Li Q, Li QY, Li S, Li SL, Li JH, Li ZH, Liang J, Liang MJ, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu JH, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo JZ, Luo X, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Marquardt J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Medvedeva T, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikhailov VV, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Negrete J, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Ocampo-Peleteiro J, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poluianov S, Qin X, Qu ZY, Quadrani L, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Robyn E, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Siedenburg T, Song JW, Song XJ, Sonnabend R, Strigari L, Su T, Sun Q, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Urban T, Usoskin I, Vagelli V, Vainio R, Valencia-Otero M, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang CX, Wang L, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yashin II, Yi H, Yu YM, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang FZ, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng C, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zuccon P. Properties of Daily Helium Fluxes. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:231102. [PMID: 35749176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.231102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present the precision measurement of 2824 daily helium fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 in the rigidity interval from 1.71 to 100 GV based on 7.6×10^{8} helium nuclei collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The helium flux and the helium to proton flux ratio exhibit variations on multiple timescales. In nearly all the time intervals from 2014 to 2018, we observed recurrent helium flux variations with a period of 27 days. Shorter periods of 9 days and 13.5 days are observed in 2016. The strength of all three periodicities changes with time and rigidity. In the entire time period, we found that below ∼7 GV the helium flux exhibits larger time variations than the proton flux, and above ∼7 GV the helium to proton flux ratio is time independent. Remarkably, below 2.4 GV a hysteresis between the helium to proton flux ratio and the helium flux was observed at greater than the 7σ level. This shows that at low rigidity the modulation of the helium to proton flux ratio is different before and after the solar maximum in 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Burmeister
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Y H Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - G R Chen
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Chouridou
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Dass
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - V Di Felice
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Freeman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Gámez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 01000, Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - R K Hashmani
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - B Heber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - G Karagöz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Konyushikhin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Krasnopevtsev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kuhlman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - H L Li
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - M Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Y Li
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - S Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S L Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Li
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Liang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M J Liang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J H Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marquardt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Medvedeva
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 01000, Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - V V Mikhailov
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - M Molero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mott
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Negrete
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Ocampo-Peleteiro
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Oliva
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Poluianov
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Reina Conde
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Robyn
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - X J Song
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - R Sonnabend
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Strigari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Su
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q Sun
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Urban
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - I Usoskin
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Vainio
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Valencia-Otero
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C X Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z M Wang
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I I Yashin
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y M Yu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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4
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Miller QRS, Pohl M, Livo K, Asgar H, Nune SK, Sinnwell MA, Prasad M, Gadikota G, McGrail BP, Schaef HT. Porous Colloidal Nanoparticles as Injectable Multimodal Contrast Agents for Enhanced Geophysical Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23420-23425. [PMID: 35575693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Injecting fluids into underground geologic structures is crucial for the development of long-term strategies for managing captured carbon and facilitating sustainable energy extraction operations. We have previously reported that the injection of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into the subsurface can enhance seismic monitoring tools to track fluids and map complex structures, reduce risk, and verify containment in carbon storage reservoirs because of their absorption capacity of low-frequency seismic waves. Here, we demonstrate that water-based Cr/Zn/Zr MOF colloidal suspensions (nanofluids) are multimodal geophysical contrast agents that enhance near-wellbore logging tools. Based on experimental fluid-only measurements, MIL-101(Cr), ZIF-8, and UiO-66 nanofluids have distinct complex conductivity and/or low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signatures that are relevant to field-deployed technologies, implying the potential to enhance near-wellbore monitoring of CO2 injection and associated processes with downhole logging tools. Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering characterization of ∼0.5 wt % MIL-101(Cr) suspensions confirmed phase stability and provided insight into the fractal nature of colloidal nanoparticles. Finally, low-field (2 MHz) NMR measurements of MIL-101(Cr) nanofluid injection into a prototypical Berea sandstone demonstrate how paramagnetic high-surface area MOFs may dominate the relaxation times of hydrogen-bearing fluids in porous geologic matrices, enhancing the mapping of near-surface and near-wellbore transport pathways and advancing sustainable subsurface energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin R S Miller
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mathias Pohl
- Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kurt Livo
- Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hassnain Asgar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Satish K Nune
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Michael A Sinnwell
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Manika Prasad
- Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Greeshma Gadikota
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - B Peter McGrail
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - H Todd Schaef
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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5
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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Barao F, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Behlmann M, Beranek B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Burmeister S, Cai XD, Capell M, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen GR, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Chouridou S, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dass A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Díaz C, Dimiccoli F, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Freeman C, Gámez C, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Haino S, Han KC, Hashmani RK, He ZH, Heber B, Hsieh TH, Hu JY, Incagli M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Karagöz G, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kirn T, Konyushikhin M, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krasnopevtsev D, Kuhlman A, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Li JQ, Li M, Li Q, Li S, Li JH, Li ZH, Liang J, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu JH, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo JZ, Luo X, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Marquardt J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Medvedeva T, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikhailov VV, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Negrete J, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Phan HD, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poluianov S, Qin X, Qu ZY, Quadrani L, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Robyn E, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shakfa Z, Shan BS, Siedenburg T, Solano C, Song JW, Song XJ, Sonnabend R, Strigari L, Su T, Sun Q, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Urban T, Usoskin I, Vagelli V, Vainio R, Valencia-Otero M, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang CX, Wang L, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yashin II, Yi H, Yu YM, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang FZ, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng C, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zuccon P. Periodicities in the Daily Proton Fluxes from 2011 to 2019 Measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station from 1 to 100 GV. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:271102. [PMID: 35061443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.271102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the precision measurement of the daily proton fluxes in cosmic rays from May 20, 2011 to October 29, 2019 (a total of 2824 days or 114 Bartels rotations) in the rigidity interval from 1 to 100 GV based on 5.5×10^{9} protons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. The proton fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. From 2014 to 2018, we observed recurrent flux variations with a period of 27 days. Shorter periods of 9 days and 13.5 days are observed in 2016. The strength of all three periodicities changes with time and rigidity. The rigidity dependence of the 27-day periodicity is different from the rigidity dependences of 9-day and 13.5-day periods. Unexpectedly, the strength of 9-day and 13.5-day periodicities increases with increasing rigidities up to ∼10 GV and ∼20 GV, respectively. Then the strength of the periodicities decreases with increasing rigidity up to 100 GV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beranek
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Burmeister
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Y H Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - G R Chen
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Chouridou
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Dass
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - V Di Felice
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Freeman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Gámez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - R K Hashmani
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - B Heber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - G Karagöz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Konyushikhin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Krasnopevtsev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kuhlman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - M Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J H Li
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Liang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J H Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Z Liu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marquardt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Medvedeva
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - V V Mikhailov
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - M Molero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mott
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Negrete
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Poluianov
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Reina Conde
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Robyn
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Z Shakfa
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Solano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - X J Song
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - R Sonnabend
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Strigari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Su
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q Sun
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Urban
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - I Usoskin
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Vainio
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Valencia-Otero
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C X Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - S Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z M Wang
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - I I Yashin
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Y M Yu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - C Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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6
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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Barao F, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Behlmann M, Beranek B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Burmeister S, Cai XD, Capell M, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen GR, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Chouridou S, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Díaz C, Dimiccoli F, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Freeman C, Gámez C, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Haino S, Han KC, Hashmani RK, He ZH, Heber B, Hsieh TH, Hu JY, Incagli M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kirn T, Konyushikhin M, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krasnopevtsev D, Kuhlman A, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Li JQ, Li M, Li Q, Li S, Li JH, Li ZH, Liang J, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu JH, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo JZ, Luo X, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Marquardt J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Medvedeva T, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikhailov VV, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Negrete J, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Phan HD, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poluianov S, Qin X, Qu ZY, Quadrani L, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Robyn E, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shakfa Z, Shan BS, Siedenburg T, Solano C, Song JW, Song XJ, Sonnabend R, Strigari L, Su T, Sun Q, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Tüysüz C, Urban T, Usoskin I, Vagelli V, Vainio R, Valencia-Otero M, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang CX, Wang L, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yashin II, Yi H, Yu YM, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang FZ, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng C, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zuccon P. Erratum: Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 021101 (2021)]. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:159901. [PMID: 34678040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.159901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.021101.
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7
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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Barao F, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Behlmann M, Beranek B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Burmeister S, Cai XD, Capell M, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen GR, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Chouridou S, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Díaz C, Dimiccoli F, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Freeman C, Gámez C, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Haino S, Han KC, Hashmani RK, He ZH, Heber B, Hsieh TH, Hu JY, Incagli M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kirn T, Konyushikhin M, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krasnopevtsev D, Kuhlman A, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Li JQ, Li M, Li Q, Li S, Li JH, Li ZH, Liang J, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu JH, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo JZ, Luo X, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Marquardt J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Medvedeva T, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikhailov VV, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Negrete J, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Phan HD, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poluianov S, Qin X, Qu ZY, Quadrani L, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Robyn E, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shakfa Z, Shan BS, Siedenburg T, Solano C, Song JW, Song XJ, Sonnabend R, Strigari L, Su T, Sun Q, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Tüysüz C, Urban T, Usoskin I, Vagelli V, Vainio R, Valencia-Otero M, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang CX, Wang L, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang S, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang ZM, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yashin II, Yi H, Yu YM, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang FZ, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng C, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zuccon P. Properties of a New Group of Cosmic Nuclei: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on Sodium, Aluminum, and Nitrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:021101. [PMID: 34296911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.021101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the properties of sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) cosmic rays in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.46 million sodium and 0.51 million aluminum nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. We found that Na and Al, together with nitrogen (N), belong to a distinct cosmic ray group. In this group, we observe that, similar to the N flux, both the Na flux and Al flux are well described by the sums of a primary cosmic ray component (proportional to the silicon flux) and a secondary cosmic ray component (proportional to the fluorine flux). The fraction of the primary component increases with rigidity for the N, Na, and Al fluxes and becomes dominant at the highest rigidities. The Na/Si and Al/Si abundance ratios at the source, 0.036±0.003 for Na/Si and 0.103±0.004 for Al/Si, are determined independent of cosmic ray propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beranek
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Burmeister
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Y H Chang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - G R Chen
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - S Chouridou
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - V Di Felice
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
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| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
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| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
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| | - P Fisher
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| | - V Formato
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| | - C Freeman
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| | - C Gámez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
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| | - H Gast
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| | - M Gervasi
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| | - F Giovacchini
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| | - D M Gómez-Coral
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| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
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| | - D Grandi
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| | - M Graziani
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| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - R K Hashmani
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - B Heber
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Y Hu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
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| | - Yi Jia
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| | - H Jinchi
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| | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G N Kim
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| | - Th Kirn
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| | - M Konyushikhin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Kounina
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| | - A Kounine
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| | - V Koutsenko
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| | - D Krasnopevtsev
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| | - A Kuhlman
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| | - A Kulemzin
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| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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| | - E Laudi
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| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
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| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - M Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S Li
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J H Li
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Liang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J H Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Liu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marquardt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - T Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Medvedeva
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - V V Mikhailov
- NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia
| | - M Molero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mott
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Negrete
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Poluianov
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Reina Conde
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Robyn
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Z Shakfa
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Solano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - X J Song
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - R Sonnabend
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Strigari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Su
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q Sun
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Tüysüz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - I Usoskin
- Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - R Vainio
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Valencia-Otero
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - C X Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - S Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Wang
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| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
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| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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| | - Q Yan
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| | - Y Yang
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| | - Y M Yu
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| | - Z Q Yu
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| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
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| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Z Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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Eckstein S, Kupper M, Pohl M. Robust risk aggregation with neural networks. Math Financ 2020; 30:1229-1272. [PMID: 33041536 PMCID: PMC7540357 DOI: 10.1111/mafi.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We consider settings in which the distribution of a multivariate random variable is partly ambiguous. We assume the ambiguity lies on the level of the dependence structure, and that the marginal distributions are known. Furthermore, a current best guess for the distribution, called reference measure, is available. We work with the set of distributions that are both close to the given reference measure in a transportation distance (e.g., the Wasserstein distance), and additionally have the correct marginal structure. The goal is to find upper and lower bounds for integrals of interest with respect to distributions in this set. The described problem appears naturally in the context of risk aggregation. When aggregating different risks, the marginal distributions of these risks are known and the task is to quantify their joint effect on a given system. This is typically done by applying a meaningful risk measure to the sum of the individual risks. For this purpose, the stochastic interdependencies between the risks need to be specified. In practice, the models of this dependence structure are however subject to relatively high model ambiguity. The contribution of this paper is twofold: First, we derive a dual representation of the considered problem and prove that strong duality holds. Second, we propose a generally applicable and computationally feasible method, which relies on neural networks, in order to numerically solve the derived dual problem. The latter method is tested on a number of toy examples, before it is finally applied to perform robust risk aggregation in a real-world instance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kupper
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Mathias Pohl
- Faculty of Business, Economics & StatisticsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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Vonester D, Otten J, Pohl M, Wiechert W, Büchs J. XyloSenS – FRET‐basierte Biosensoren zur online In‐vitro‐ Überwachung der Substratkonzentration von Kultivierungen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Vonester
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Biochemical Engineering Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - J. Otten
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH IBG-1: Biotechnology 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. Pohl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH IBG-1: Biotechnology 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - W. Wiechert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH IBG-1: Biotechnology 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - J. Büchs
- RWTH Aachen University AVT – Biochemical Engineering Forckenbeckstr. 51 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Klein-Scory S, Wahner I, Maslova M, Al-Sewaidi Y, Pohl M, Mika T, Ladigan S, Schroers R, Baraniskin A. SO-33 Clonal selection of RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer into RAS wild-type during first-line therapy. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Korinthenberg R, Trollmann R, Felderhoff-Müser U, Bernert G, Hackenberg A, Hufnagel M, Pohl M, Hahn G, Mentzel HJ, Sommer C, Lambeck J, Mecher F, Hessenauer M, Winterholler C, Kempf U, Jacobs BC, Rostasy K, Müller-Felber W. Diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in childhood and adolescence: An evidence- and consensus-based guideline. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2020; 25:5-16. [PMID: 31941581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This evidence- and consensus-based practical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in childhood and adolescence has been developed by a group of delegates from relevant specialist societies and organisations; it is the result of an initiative by the German-Speaking Society of Neuropediatrics (GNP), and is supported by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften). A systematic analysis of the literature revealed that only a few adequately-controlled studies exist for this particular age group, while none carries a low risk of bias. For this reason, the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations largely rely on findings in adult patients with GBS, for which there are a higher number of suitable studies available. Consensus was established using a written, multi-step Delphi process. A high level of consensus could be reached for the crucial steps in diagnosis and treatment. We recommend basing the diagnostic approach on the clinical criteria of GBS and deriving support from CSF and electrophysiological findings. Repetition of invasive procedures that yield ambiguous results is only recommended if the diagnosis cannot be ascertained from the other criteria. For severe or persistently-progressive GBS treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is recommended, whereas in cases of IVIG intolerance or inefficacy we recommended treatment with plasmapheresis. Corticosteroids are ineffective for GBS but can be considered when acute onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) is suspected due to a prolonged disease course. The full German version of the Guideline is available on the AWMF website (https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/022-008.html).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Korinthenberg
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Muscular Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC), University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - R Trollmann
- Department of Neuropediatrics, UMC, Friedrich- Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - G Bernert
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaiser-Franz-Joseph-Hospital with Preyer's Childrens Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Hackenberg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Hufnagel
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UMC, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Pohl
- Section Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UMC, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - G Hahn
- Department of Radiological Diagnostics, UMC, University of Dresden, Germany
| | - H J Mentzel
- Section Pediatric Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Germany
| | - C Sommer
- Department of Neurology, UMC, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J Lambeck
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, UMC, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Mecher
- Physio Deutschland, German Federal Association for Physiotherapy, Germany
| | - M Hessenauer
- Centre for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation and Epileptology, Schoen Clinic Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - C Winterholler
- German Federal Association of Logopedics (dbl e.V. Deutscher Bundesverband für Logopädie e.v), Germany
| | - U Kempf
- Mother of a GBS PPatient, Kraichtal-Neuenbürg, Germany
| | - B C Jacobs
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus MC, UMC Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Rostasy
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Children´s Hospital Datteln, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
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12
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Lewin J, Sayers L, Kee D, Walpole I, Sanelli A, Te Marvelde L, Herschtal A, Spillane J, Gyorki D, Speakman D, Estall V, Donahoe S, Pohl M, Pope K, Chua M, Sandhu S, McArthur GA, McCormack CJ, Henderson M, Hicks RJ, Shackleton M. Surveillance imaging with FDG-PET/CT in the post-operative follow-up of stage 3 melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1569-1574. [PMID: 29659679 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As early detection of recurrent melanoma maximizes treatment options, patients usually undergo post-operative imaging surveillance, increasingly with FDG-PET/CT (PET). To assess this, we evaluated stage 3 melanoma patients who underwent prospectively applied and sub-stage-specific schedules of PET surveillance. Patients and methods From 2009, patients with stage 3 melanoma routinely underwent PET +/- MRI brain scans via defined schedules based on sub-stage-specific relapse probabilities. Data were collected regarding patient characteristics and outcomes. Contingency analyses were carried out of imaging outcomes. Results One hundred and seventy patients (stage 3A: 34; 3B: 93; 3C: 43) underwent radiological surveillance. Relapses were identified in 65 (38%) patients, of which 45 (69%) were asymptomatic. False-positive imaging findings occurred in 7%, and 6% had treatable second (non-melanoma) malignancies. Positive predictive values (PPV) of individual scans were 56%-83%. Negative scans had predictive values of 89%-96% for true non-recurrence [negative predictive values (NPV)] until the next scan. A negative PET at 18 months had NPVs of 80%-84% for true non-recurrence at any time in the 47-month (median) follow-up period. Sensitivity and specificity of the overall approach of sub-stage-specific PET surveillance were 70% and 87%, respectively. Of relapsed patients, 33 (52%) underwent potentially curative resection and 10 (16%) remained disease-free after 24 months (median). Conclusions Application of sub-stage-specific PET in stage 3 melanoma enables asymptomatic detection of most recurrences, has high NPVs that may provide patient reassurance, and is associated with a high rate of detection of resectable and potentially curable disease at relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lewin
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Sayers
- Cancer Treatment and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Kee
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - I Walpole
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Sanelli
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Te Marvelde
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Herschtal
- Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Spillane
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Gyorki
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Speakman
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - V Estall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Donahoe
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Pohl
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Pope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Chua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Sandhu
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - G A McArthur
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C J McCormack
- Department of Dermatology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Henderson
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - R J Hicks
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Shackleton
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Cancer Treatment and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Oncology, Alfred Health, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Di Felice V, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Incagli M, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li ZH, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu FZ, Liu H, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Luo X, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mo DC, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Popkow A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Solano C, Schael S, Schmidt SM, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Song JW, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Acosta MV, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Vizán J, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:101101. [PMID: 30932626 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precision results on cosmic-ray electrons are presented in the energy range from 0.5 GeV to 1.4 TeV based on 28.1×10^{6} electrons collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. In the entire energy range the electron and positron spectra have distinctly different magnitudes and energy dependences. The electron flux exhibits a significant excess starting from 42.1_{-5.2}^{+5.4} GeV compared to the lower energy trends, but the nature of this excess is different from the positron flux excess above 25.2±1.8 GeV. Contrary to the positron flux, which has an exponential energy cutoff of 810_{-180}^{+310} GeV, at the 5σ level the electron flux does not have an energy cutoff below 1.9 TeV. In the entire energy range the electron flux is well described by the sum of two power law components. The different behavior of the cosmic-ray electrons and positrons measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer is clear evidence that most high energy electrons originate from different sources than high energy positrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Y H Chang
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A Datta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Di Felice
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | | | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Z Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hu Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - Z Liu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Q Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Molero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mott
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Popkow
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Reina Conde
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Solano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Urban
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - J Vizán
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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14
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Jäger VD, Kloss R, Grünberger A, Seide S, Hahn D, Karmainski T, Piqueray M, Embruch J, Longerich S, Mackfeld U, Jaeger KE, Wiechert W, Pohl M, Krauss U. Tailoring the properties of (catalytically)-active inclusion bodies. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:33. [PMID: 30732596 PMCID: PMC6367779 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immobilization is an appropriate tool to ease the handling and recycling of enzymes in biocatalytic processes and to increase their stability. Most of the established immobilization methods require case-to-case optimization, which is laborious and time-consuming. Often, (chromatographic) enzyme purification is required and stable immobilization usually includes additional cross-linking or adsorption steps. We have previously shown in a few case studies that the molecular biological fusion of an aggregation-inducing tag to a target protein induces the intracellular formation of protein aggregates, so called inclusion bodies (IBs), which to a certain degree retain their (catalytic) function. This enables the combination of protein production and immobilization in one step. Hence, those biologically-produced immobilizates were named catalytically-active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) or, in case of proteins without catalytic activity, functional IBs (FIBs). While this strategy has been proven successful, the efficiency, the potential for optimization and important CatIB/FIB properties like yield, activity and morphology have not been investigated systematically. Results We here evaluated a CatIB/FIB toolbox of different enzymes and proteins. Different optimization strategies, like linker deletion, C- versus N-terminal fusion and the fusion of alternative aggregation-inducing tags were evaluated. The obtained CatIBs/FIBs varied with respect to formation efficiency, yield, composition and residual activity, which could be correlated to differences in their morphology; as revealed by (electron) microscopy. Last but not least, we demonstrate that the CatIB/FIB formation efficiency appears to be correlated to the solvent-accessible hydrophobic surface area of the target protein, providing a structure-based rationale for our strategy and opening up the possibility to predict its efficiency for any given target protein. Conclusion We here provide evidence for the general applicability, predictability and flexibility of the CatIB/FIB immobilization strategy, highlighting the application potential of CatIB-based enzyme immobilizates for synthetic chemistry, biocatalysis and industry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1081-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Jäger
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Kloss
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - A Grünberger
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Multiscale Bioengineering, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - S Seide
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - D Hahn
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - T Karmainski
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Piqueray
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Embruch
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - S Longerich
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - U Mackfeld
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - K-E Jaeger
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - W Wiechert
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - M Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - U Krauss
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. .,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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15
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Incagli M, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li ZH, Light C, Lin CH, Lippert T, Liu FZ, Liu H, Liu Z, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Luo X, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mo DC, Molero M, Mott P, Mussolin L, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Paniccia M, Pashnin A, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Popkow A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Conde AR, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Solano C, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Song JW, Sun ZT, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Vizán J, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei J, Weng ZL, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang JH, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Towards Understanding the Origin of Cosmic-Ray Positrons. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:041102. [PMID: 30768313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements of cosmic ray positrons are presented up to 1 TeV based on 1.9 million positrons collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. The positron flux exhibits complex energy dependence. Its distinctive properties are (a) a significant excess starting from 25.2±1.8 GeV compared to the lower-energy, power-law trend, (b) a sharp dropoff above 284_{-64}^{+91} GeV, (c) in the entire energy range the positron flux is well described by the sum of a term associated with the positrons produced in the collision of cosmic rays, which dominates at low energies, and a new source term of positrons, which dominates at high energies, and (d) a finite energy cutoff of the source term of E_{s}=810_{-180}^{+310} GeV is established with a significance of more than 4σ. These experimental data on cosmic ray positrons show that, at high energies, they predominantly originate either from dark matter annihilation or from other astrophysical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Y H Chang
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Coignet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A Datta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | | | - B Khiali
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F Z Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hu Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - Z Liu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Molero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Pashnin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Popkow
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Reina Conde
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Solano
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Z T Sun
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, the Netherlands
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - J Vizán
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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Pohl M, Ristig A, Schachermayer W, Tangpi L. Theoretical and empirical analysis of trading activity. Math Program 2018; 181:405-434. [PMID: 32624621 PMCID: PMC7319296 DOI: 10.1007/s10107-018-1341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structure of financial markets deals with suitably determining the functional relation between financial variables. In this respect, important variables are the trading activity, defined here as the number of trades N, the traded volume V, the asset price P, the squared volatility σ 2 , the bid-ask spread S and the cost of trading C. Different reasonings result in simple proportionality relations ("scaling laws") between these variables. A basic proportionality is established between the trading activity and the squared volatility, i.e., N ∼ σ 2 . More sophisticated relations are the so called 3/2-lawN 3 / 2 ∼ σ P V / C and the intriguing scaling N ∼ ( σ P / S ) 2 . We prove that these "scaling laws" are the only possible relations for considered sets of variables by means of a well-known argument from physics: dimensional analysis. Moreover, we provide empirical evidence based on data from the NASDAQ stock exchange showing that the sophisticated relations hold with a certain degree of universality. Finally, we discuss the time scaling of the volatility σ , which turns out to be more subtle than one might naively expect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pohl
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Ristig
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Schachermayer
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovic Tangpi
- Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Princeton University, Sherrerd Hall 203, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
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Archer A, Benbow W, Bird R, Brose R, Buchovecky M, Buckley J, Bugaev V, Connolly M, Cui W, Daniel M, Feng Q, Finley J, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gillanders G, Hütten M, Hanna D, Hervet O, Holder J, Hughes G, Humensky T, Johnson C, Kaaret P, Kar P, Kelley-Hoskins N, Kertzman M, Kieda D, Krause M, Krennrich F, Kumar S, Lang M, Lin T, Maier G, McArthur S, Moriarty P, Mukherjee R, O’Brien S, Ong R, Otte A, Petrashyk A, Pohl M, Pueschel E, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reynolds P, Richards G, Roache E, Rulten C, Sadeh I, Santander M, Sembroski G, Staszak D, Sushch I, Wakely S, Wells R, Wilcox P, Wilhelm A, Williams D, Williamson T, Zitzer B. Measurement of cosmic-ray electrons at TeV energies by VERITAS. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.062004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Döbber J, Kloß R, Krauß U, Wiechert W, Pohl M. Konzepte zur funktionalen Enzymreinigung und Immobilisierung in einem Schritt. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Döbber
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; IBG-1: Biotechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC); c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - R. Kloß
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; IBG-1: Biotechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC); c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - U. Krauß
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC); c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
- Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf; Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - W. Wiechert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; IBG-1: Biotechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC); c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. Pohl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; IBG-1: Biotechnologie; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC); c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich; Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Deutschland
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19
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Muschallik L, Molinnus D, Jablonski M, Kipp C, Bongaerts J, Wagner T, Pohl M, Selmer T, Schöning M, Siegert P. (2 R
,3 R
)-Butan-2,3-diol-Dehydrogenase aus Bacillus clausii
DSM 8716T - Ein vielversprechender Biokatalysator für die Synthese chiraler α
-Hydroxyketone/Diole sowie zur Biosensorentwicklung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Muschallik
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - D. Molinnus
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. Jablonski
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - C. Kipp
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - J. Bongaerts
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - T. Wagner
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. Pohl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1); Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - T. Selmer
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. J. Schöning
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - P. Siegert
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
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20
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Härmas R, Palm R, Härmas M, Pohl M, Kurig H, Tallo I, Tee E, Vaas I, Väli R, Romann T, Oll O, Kanarbik R, Liivand K, Eskusson J, Kruusma J, Thomberg T, Jänes A, Miidla P, Lust E. Influence of porosity parameters and electrolyte chemical composition on the power densities of non-aqueous and ionic liquid based supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Aguilar M, Cavasonza LA, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindel KF, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kang SC, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lordello VD, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikuni VM, Mo DC, Mott P, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, Schmidt SM, von Dratzig AS, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Son D, Song JW, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wu H, Wu X, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:051102. [PMID: 30118287 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present high-statistics, precision measurements of the detailed time and energy dependence of the primary cosmic-ray electron flux and positron flux over 79 Bartels rotations from May 2011 to May 2017 in the energy range from 1 to 50 GeV. For the first time, the charge-sign dependent modulation during solar maximum has been investigated in detail by leptons alone. Based on 23.5×10^{6} events, we report the observation of short-term structures on the timescale of months coincident in both the electron flux and the positron flux. These structures are not visible in the e^{+}/e^{-} flux ratio. The precision measurements across the solar polarity reversal show that the ratio exhibits a smooth transition over 830±30 days from one value to another. The midpoint of the transition shows an energy dependent delay relative to the reversal and changes by 260±30 days from 1 to 6 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Aupetit
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Bindel
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W Creus
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - A Datta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - S C Kang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K Kanishev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - B Khiali
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H S Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Lim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - Hu Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V D Lordello
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - V M Mikuni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - C C Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - X Wu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindel KF, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Incagli M, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Liu Z, Lordello VD, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikuni VM, Mo DC, Mott P, Mussolin L, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Song JW, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tescaro D, Tian J, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Wei J, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wu H, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:051103. [PMID: 30118280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2×10^{6} events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above ∼700 GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux Φ_{N} can be presented as the sum of its primary component Φ_{N}^{P} and secondary component Φ_{N}^{S}, Φ_{N}=Φ_{N}^{P}+Φ_{N}^{S}, and we found Φ_{N} is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux Φ_{O} (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux Φ_{B} (secondary cosmic rays), with Φ_{N}^{P}=(0.090±0.002)×Φ_{O} and Φ_{N}^{S}=(0.62±0.02)×Φ_{B} over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to <30% above 1 TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Aupetit
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Bindel
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W Creus
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A Datta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - K Kanishev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - B Khiali
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H S Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - Hu Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Liu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V D Lordello
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - V M Mikuni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - L Mussolin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Tian
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C C Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - J Wei
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindel KF, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hoffman J, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kang SC, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li ZH, Li ZY, Light C, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lordello VD, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Luo X, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikuni VM, Mo DC, Mott P, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Popkow A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Son D, Song JW, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wu H, Wu X, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:051101. [PMID: 30118264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the precision measurement from May 2011 to May 2017 (79 Bartels rotations) of the proton fluxes at rigidities from 1 to 60 GV and the helium fluxes from 1.9 to 60 GV based on a total of 1×10^{9} events collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. This measurement is in solar cycle 24, which has the solar maximum in April 2014. We observed that, below 40 GV, the proton flux and the helium flux show nearly identical fine structures in both time and relative amplitude. The amplitudes of the flux structures decrease with increasing rigidity and vanish above 40 GV. The amplitudes of the structures are reduced during the time period, which started one year after solar maximum, when the proton and helium fluxes steadily increase. Above ∼3 GV the p/He flux ratio is time independent. We observed that below ∼3 GV the ratio has a long-term decrease coinciding with the period during which the fluxes start to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Aupetit
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Bindel
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Chen
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W Creus
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - A Datta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - S C Kang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K Kanishev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - B Khiali
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H S Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Light
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S Lim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - Hu Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V D Lordello
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - X Luo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - V M Mikuni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Popkow
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - C C Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - X Wu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Pohl M, Meyer R, Kühnel R, Talukder NK, Wendt MO. Different Types of Aortic Stenosis and Simulation of their Morphological-Hydrodynamic Interdependence - in Vitro Study with Allografts and Stenotic Valve Models. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139880102401209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological valves display a dependence of valve resistance and valve area on flow and a phase shift between systolic flow through the valves and pressure difference across the valves. The pressure-flow relations of stenosed valves raise questions about the “best measure of stenosis”. There is a need for quantitative evaluation of the hydrodynamic performance of homografts and allografts. In the present paper, we report on in vitro studies of the hydrodynamic behavior of homografts from human donors, allografts from different animal species as well as three valve models. Valve model I was designed to simulate flow-dependence of valve area, valve model II was designed to simulate restricted valve opening independent of flow, and valve model III was designed to simulate a flow-dependent movement of valve root in flow direction. Among other aspects, the effect of increased viscosity of the test fluid on the pressure difference and the effects of water absorption by valve tissue on valve characteristics were investigated. The results of the present studies clearly indicate that any biological valve may be modelled as a serial connection of a model I type valve and a model II type valve. From the results, the dependence of the characteristic pressure-flow relationship of a valve on valve size and valve distensibility can be clearly seen and the clinical significance of the characteristic coefficients of the pressure-flow relationship of a valve can be elucidated. Further, it was shown that the characteristic phase shift between flow and pressure difference displayed by biological valves is due to their movable valve plane similar to that of valve model III.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pohl
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Humboldt-University, Berlin - Germany
| | - R. Meyer
- German Heart Institute, Berlin - Germany
| | - R. Kühnel
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center, Brandenburg, Bernau - Germany
| | - N. K. Talukder
- Department of Engineering, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia - USA
| | - M.-O. Wendt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Humboldt-University, Berlin - Germany
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25
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Abstract
Hemolytic and subhemolytic blood damage by mechanical heart valve prostheses have been observed in both clinical and in vitro investigations. A direct comparison between these studies is not possible. Nevertheless the transfer of some in vitro results to the behaviour of the valve in situ may be performed considering the similarity principle. This requires the use of dimensionless similarity numbers such as the plasma's hemoglobin concentration (PHb) or others, instead of dimensioned parameters. To evaluate the in vitro hemolysis of valve prosthesis a test chamber filled with human banked blood was used. An artificial ventricle ensuring an oscillatory flow through the valve was also used. The rise of PHb was evaluated in terms of a similarity number, called the lysis number. This number describes the probability of destroying a single red blood cell participating once in the hemolytic process under consideration. The lysis number, a Björk-Shiley valve (TAD 29), was found to be in the order of 2 × 10−4. From this, the survival time of erythrocytes in patients with an artificial heart valve was estimated. It was found to be in the order of 20 d of T50 Cr in agreement with clinical results
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Affiliation(s)
- M.O. Wendt
- Institut für medizinische Physik und Biophysik Medizinische Fakultät Charite, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - M. Pohl
- Institut für medizinische Physik und Biophysik Medizinische Fakultät Charite, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - S. Pratsch
- Institut für medizinische Physik und Biophysik Medizinische Fakultät Charite, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin - Germany
| | - D. Lerche
- Institut für medizinische Physik und Biophysik Medizinische Fakultät Charite, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin - Germany
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26
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungIn einer retrospektiven Studie wurden 161 unbehandelte hyperthyreote Patienten in 74 mit immunogener Hyperthyreose (IMH) und 87 mit nicht- immunogener Hyperthyreose (NIMH) unterteilt. Die Frequenz der Beschwerden und die mittleren Hormonkonzentrationen lagen bei IMH signifikant höher als bei NIMH. Das mediane Schilddrüsenvolumen war bei IMH signifikant kleiner. Eine diffuse Echoarmut wurde nur bei 50% der Patienten mit IMH beobachtet und bei 5% bei solchen mit NIMH. Eine homogene Aktivitätsverteilung von 99mTc in der Schilddrüse fand sich bei 95% der Patienten mit IMH und nur bei 3% der NIMH. Obwohl der Median der globalen thyreoidalen Tc- Aufnahme bei der IMH signifikant höher lag, ergab sich eine breite Überlappung der Werte der beiden Gruppen. Die Hormonproduktion ist bei der IMH höher als bei der NIMH. Um beide Gruppen voneinander zu trennen, sind mehrere Kriterien anzuwenden. Sie zeigen ein unterschiedliches diagnostisches Gewicht.
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27
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindel KF, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kang SC, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li Y, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lordello VD, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikuni VM, Mo DC, Mott P, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palermo M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Son D, Song JW, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Vitale V, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wu H, Wu X, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Observation of New Properties of Secondary Cosmic Rays Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:021101. [PMID: 29376729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.021101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of new properties of secondary cosmic rays Li, Be, and B measured in the rigidity (momentum per unit charge) range 1.9 GV to 3.3 TV with a total of 5.4×10^{6} nuclei collected by AMS during the first five years of operation aboard the International Space Station. The Li and B fluxes have an identical rigidity dependence above 7 GV and all three fluxes have an identical rigidity dependence above 30 GV with the Li/Be flux ratio of 2.0±0.1. The three fluxes deviate from a single power law above 200 GV in an identical way. This behavior of secondary cosmic rays has also been observed in the AMS measurement of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O but the rigidity dependences of primary cosmic rays and of secondary cosmic rays are distinctly different. In particular, above 200 GV, the secondary cosmic rays harden more than the primary cosmic rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Aupetit
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Bindel
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W Creus
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A Datta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F. 01000, Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F. 01000, Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - S C Kang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K Kanishev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - B Khiali
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H S Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Y Li
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Lim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - Hu Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V D Lordello
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F. 01000, Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - V M Mikuni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Palermo
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Vitale
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C C Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Wu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Döbber J, Pohl M, Ley SV, Musio B. Rapid, selective and stable HaloTag-LbADH immobilization directly from crude cell extract for the continuous biocatalytic production of chiral alcohols and epoxides. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for biocatalyst immobilization in flow directly from the crude cell extract is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Döbber
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - M. Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - S. V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - B. Musio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
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29
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindel KF, Bindi V, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Burger WJ, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dadzie K, Dai YM, Datta A, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demakov O, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hoffman J, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jia Y, Jinchi H, Kang SC, Kanishev K, Khiali B, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Kulemzin A, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li Y, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lordello VD, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lyu SS, Machate F, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikuni VM, Mo DC, Mott P, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Perrina C, Phan HD, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Son D, Song JW, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Vitale V, Vitillo S, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wu H, Wu X, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zannoni M, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:251101. [PMID: 29303302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.251101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of new properties of primary cosmic rays He, C, and O measured in the rigidity (momentum/charge) range 2 GV to 3 TV with 90×10^{6} helium, 8.4×10^{6} carbon, and 7.0×10^{6} oxygen nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during the first five years of operation. Above 60 GV, these three spectra have identical rigidity dependence. They all deviate from a single power law above 200 GV and harden in an identical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Aupetit
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Bindel
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W Creus
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - M Crispoltoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - K Dadzie
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - A Datta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - O Demakov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D. F. 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D. F. 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Yi Jia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - S C Kang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K Kanishev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - B Khiali
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kulemzin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H S Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Y Li
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Lim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - Hu Liu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V D Lordello
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S S Lyu
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D. F. 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - V M Mikuni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - C Perrina
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H D Phan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Vitale
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitillo
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C C Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Wu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Zannoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - F Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeğmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindel KF, Bindi V, Boella G, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dai YM, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demakov O, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Finch E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García B, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Goglov P, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guo KH, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hoffman J, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jinchi H, Kang SC, Kanishev K, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krafczyk MS, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li W, Li Y, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lordello VD, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lv SS, Machate F, Majka R, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mikuni VM, Mo DC, Morescalchi L, Mott P, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Pereira R, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Putze A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Sandweiss J, Saouter P, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Son D, Song JW, Sun WH, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tao L, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Vannini C, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Vitale V, Vitillo S, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wienkenhöver J, Wu H, Wu X, Xia X, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SD, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhu ZQ, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Precision Measurement of the Boron to Carbon Flux Ratio in Cosmic Rays from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:231102. [PMID: 27982618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.231102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the rigidity dependence of the boron to carbon flux ratio (B/C) is important in understanding the propagation of cosmic rays. The precise measurement of the B/C ratio from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV, based on 2.3 million boron and 8.3 million carbon nuclei collected by AMS during the first 5 years of operation, is presented. The detailed variation with rigidity of the B/C spectral index is reported for the first time. The B/C ratio does not show any significant structures in contrast to many cosmic ray models that require such structures at high rigidities. Remarkably, above 65 GV, the B/C ratio is well described by a single power law R^{Δ} with index Δ=-0.333±0.014(fit)±0.005(syst), in good agreement with the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence which predicts Δ=-1/3 asymptotically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Aupetit
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeğmez-du Pree
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K F Bindel
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - G Boella
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100 China
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - W Creus
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - M Crispoltoni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100 China
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - O Demakov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Finch
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - B García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Goglov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - S C Kang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K Kanishev
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M S Krafczyk
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H S Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Li
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Li
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Lim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan 32054, Taiwan
| | - Hu Liu
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V D Lordello
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100 China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S S Lv
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - F Machate
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Majka
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - V M Mikuni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | | | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Pereira
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | | | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Putze
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Sandweiss
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Saouter
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100 China
| | - W H Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - L Tao
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Vannini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Vitillo
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100 China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100 China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C C Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Wienkenhöver
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - X Wu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X Xia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 210096, China
| | - S D Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z Q Zhu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pohl
- CAT
Catalytic Center, ‡Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, and §Lehrstuhl für
Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - E. Danieli
- CAT
Catalytic Center, ‡Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, and §Lehrstuhl für
Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Leven
- CAT
Catalytic Center, ‡Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, and §Lehrstuhl für
Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - W. Leitner
- CAT
Catalytic Center, ‡Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, and §Lehrstuhl für
Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Blümich
- CAT
Catalytic Center, ‡Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, and §Lehrstuhl für
Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - T. E. Müller
- CAT
Catalytic Center, ‡Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, and §Lehrstuhl für
Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Moreau N, Dieb W, Mauborgne A, Bourgoin S, Villanueva L, Pohl M, Boucher Y. Hedgehog Pathway-Mediated Vascular Alterations Following Trigeminal Nerve Injury. J Dent Res 2016; 96:450-457. [PMID: 27856965 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516679395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas neurovascular interactions in spinal neuropathic pain models have been well characterized, little attention has been given to such neurovascular interactions in orofacial neuropathic pain models. This study investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats the vascular changes following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital nerve (IoN), a broadly validated preclinical model of orofacial neuropathic pain. Following IoN-CCI, an early downregulation of tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and Claudin-5 was observed within the endoneurium and perineurium, associated with increased local accumulation of sodium fluorescein (NaFlu) within the IoN parenchyma, as compared with sham animals. These events were evidence of local blood-nerve barrier disruption and increased vascular permeability. A significant upregulation of immunocytes (CD3, CD11b) and innate immunity (TLR2, TLR4) mRNA markers was also observed, suggestive of increased local inflammation. Finally, a significant downregulation of Hedgehog pathway readouts Patched-1 and Gli-1 was observed within the IoN after CCI and local injections of cyclopamine, a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, replicated in naïve rats the molecular, vascular, and behavioral changes observed following IoN-CCI. These results suggest a major role of Hedgehog pathway inhibition in mediating local increased endoneurial and perineurial vascular permeability following trigeminal nerve injury, thus facilitating immunocytes infiltration, neuroinflammation development, and neuropathic pain-like aversive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moreau
- 1 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France.,2 Hôpital Bretonneau (AP-HP) & Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - W Dieb
- 1 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France.,3 Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - A Mauborgne
- 1 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - S Bourgoin
- 1 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - L Villanueva
- 1 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - M Pohl
- 1 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - Y Boucher
- 1 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, Paris, France.,3 Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Pohl M, Bertram M, Bucka C, Hartwich M, Jöbges M, Ketter G, Leineweber B, Mertl-Rötzer M, Nowak D, Platz T, Rollnik J, Scheidtmann K, Thomas R, von Rosen F, Wallesch C, Woldag H, Peschel P, Mehrholz J. Patientenklientel und Rehabilitationsverlauf in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation – ein Vergleich der Jahre 2002 und 2014. Akt Neurol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Pohl
- HELIOS Klinik Schloss Pulsnitz GmbH, Fachklinik für Neurologisch-Neurochirurgische Rehabilitation, Pulsnitz
| | - M. Bertram
- Kliniken Schmieder Heidelberg, Neurological Rehabilitation, Heidelberg
| | - C. Bucka
- Neurologische Klinik Westend, Neurological Rehabilitation, Bad Wildungen
| | - M. Hartwich
- Asklepios Schlossberg Klinik Bad Konig, Neurologische Rehabilitation, Bad Konig
| | - M. Jöbges
- Brandenburg Klinik, Neurologie, Bernau
| | - G. Ketter
- Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum Godeshohe, Neurologische Rehabilitation, Bonn
| | - B. Leineweber
- Abteilung neurologisch-neurochirurgische Frührehabilitation, Neurologische Klinik GmbH Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt/Saale
| | - M. Mertl-Rötzer
- Schon Klinik Bad Aibling, Neurologische Frührehabilitation, Bad Aibling
| | - D. Nowak
- Helios Klinik Kipfenberg, Neurologische Fachklinik, Kipfenberg
| | - T. Platz
- BDH-Kinik Greifswald, Aninstitut Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum und Querschnittgelähmtenzentrum, Greifswald
| | - J. Rollnik
- Institut für neurorehabilitative Forschung (InFo) der BDH-Klinik Hessisch Oldendorf gGmbH, Assoziiertes Institut der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (MHH), Hannover
| | - K. Scheidtmann
- Hegau-Jugendwerk GmbH, Neurologische Rehabilitation, Gailingen
| | - R. Thomas
- Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal, Neurologische Frührehabilitation, Seesen
| | - F. von Rosen
- Schon Klinik Bad Staffelstein, Neurologische Frührehabilitation, Bad Staffelstein
| | - C. Wallesch
- BDH-Klinik Elzach, Klinik für Neurologische Rehabilitation, Elzach
| | - H. Woldag
- NRZ Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum Leipzig, Neurologische Rehabilitation, Bennewitz
| | - P. Peschel
- Technische Universitat Dresden, Lehrstuhl für Gesundheitswissenschaften/Public Health, Dresden
| | - J. Mehrholz
- Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, Wissenschaftliches Institut, Kreischa
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Dany N, Markfeld-Erol F, Kunze M, Frankenschmidt A, Stenzel M, Pohl M, Kurz P, Prömpeler H. Rapide wachsendes mesoblastisches Nephrom in der Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Baierl A, Vogel C, Pleiss J, Hailes H, Müller M, Pohl M. Structure-Function Studies on the Chemo- and Stereoselectivity of ThDP-Dependent Enzymes. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Steffen V, Otten J, Radek A, Wiechert W, Noack S, Pohl M. FRET-Based Biosensors for Online Measurement of Lysine Production. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rother D, Döbber J, Kloß R, Jäger V, Krauss U, Pohl M. Enzyme Toolboxes & Reaction Engineering - Solutions for Applied Viocatalysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bock S, Buchholz P, Vogel C, Holzapfel A, Pleiss J, Wiechert W, Pohl M, Rother D. Exploring the Sequence-Function Space of ThDP-Dependent Enzymes. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Otten J, Steffen V, Pohl M, Wiechert W. Development of New FRET-Based Biosensors for Extracellular Metabolite Analysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kloß R, Jäger V, Diener M, Kruaß U, Pohl M. Catalytically Active Inclusion Bodies: A New Carrier-Free Enzyme Immobilization Method. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Aguilar M, Ali Cavasonza L, Alpat B, Ambrosi G, Arruda L, Attig N, Aupetit S, Azzarello P, Bachlechner A, Barao F, Barrau A, Barrin L, Bartoloni A, Basara L, Başeǧmez-du Pree S, Battarbee M, Battiston R, Bazo J, Becker U, Behlmann M, Beischer B, Berdugo J, Bertucci B, Bindi V, Boella G, de Boer W, Bollweg K, Bonnivard V, Borgia B, Boschini MJ, Bourquin M, Bueno EF, Burger J, Cadoux F, Cai XD, Capell M, Caroff S, Casaus J, Castellini G, Cernuda I, Cervelli F, Chae MJ, Chang YH, Chen AI, Chen GM, Chen HS, Cheng L, Chou HY, Choumilov E, Choutko V, Chung CH, Clark C, Clavero R, Coignet G, Consolandi C, Contin A, Corti C, Coste B, Creus W, Crispoltoni M, Cui Z, Dai YM, Delgado C, Della Torre S, Demirköz MB, Derome L, Di Falco S, Dimiccoli F, Díaz C, von Doetinchem P, Dong F, Donnini F, Duranti M, D'Urso D, Egorov A, Eline A, Eronen T, Feng J, Fiandrini E, Finch E, Fisher P, Formato V, Galaktionov Y, Gallucci G, García B, García-López RJ, Gargiulo C, Gast H, Gebauer I, Gervasi M, Ghelfi A, Giovacchini F, Goglov P, Gómez-Coral DM, Gong J, Goy C, Grabski V, Grandi D, Graziani M, Guerri I, Guo KH, Habiby M, Haino S, Han KC, He ZH, Heil M, Hoffman J, Hsieh TH, Huang H, Huang ZC, Huh C, Incagli M, Ionica M, Jang WY, Jinchi H, Kang SC, Kanishev K, Kim GN, Kim KS, Kirn T, Konak C, Kounina O, Kounine A, Koutsenko V, Krafczyk MS, La Vacca G, Laudi E, Laurenti G, Lazzizzera I, Lebedev A, Lee HT, Lee SC, Leluc C, Li HS, Li JQ, Li JQ, Li Q, Li TX, Li W, Li ZH, Li ZY, Lim S, Lin CH, Lipari P, Lippert T, Liu D, Liu H, Lu SQ, Lu YS, Luebelsmeyer K, Luo F, Luo JZ, Lv SS, Majka R, Mañá C, Marín J, Martin T, Martínez G, Masi N, Maurin D, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meng Q, Mo DC, Morescalchi L, Mott P, Nelson T, Ni JQ, Nikonov N, Nozzoli F, Nunes P, Oliva A, Orcinha M, Palmonari F, Palomares C, Paniccia M, Pauluzzi M, Pensotti S, Pereira R, Picot-Clemente N, Pilo F, Pizzolotto C, Plyaskin V, Pohl M, Poireau V, Putze A, Quadrani L, Qi XM, Qin X, Qu ZY, Räihä T, Rancoita PG, Rapin D, Ricol JS, Rodríguez I, Rosier-Lees S, Rozhkov A, Rozza D, Sagdeev R, Sandweiss J, Saouter P, Schael S, Schmidt SM, Schulz von Dratzig A, Schwering G, Seo ES, Shan BS, Shi JY, Siedenburg T, Son D, Song JW, Sun WH, Tacconi M, Tang XW, Tang ZC, Tao L, Tescaro D, Ting SCC, Ting SM, Tomassetti N, Torsti J, Türkoğlu C, Urban T, Vagelli V, Valente E, Vannini C, Valtonen E, Vázquez Acosta M, Vecchi M, Velasco M, Vialle JP, Vitale V, Vitillo S, Wang LQ, Wang NH, Wang QL, Wang X, Wang XQ, Wang ZX, Wei CC, Weng ZL, Whitman K, Wienkenhöver J, Willenbrock M, Wu H, Wu X, Xia X, Xiong RQ, Xu W, Yan Q, Yang J, Yang M, Yang Y, Yi H, Yu YJ, Yu ZQ, Zeissler S, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Zhang SD, Zhang SW, Zhang Z, Zheng ZM, Zhu ZQ, Zhuang HL, Zhukov V, Zichichi A, Zimmermann N, Zuccon P. Antiproton Flux, Antiproton-to-Proton Flux Ratio, and Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:091103. [PMID: 27610839 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A precision measurement by AMS of the antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio in primary cosmic rays in the absolute rigidity range from 1 to 450 GV is presented based on 3.49×10^{5} antiproton events and 2.42×10^{9} proton events. The fluxes and flux ratios of charged elementary particles in cosmic rays are also presented. In the absolute rigidity range ∼60 to ∼500 GV, the antiproton p[over ¯], proton p, and positron e^{+} fluxes are found to have nearly identical rigidity dependence and the electron e^{-} flux exhibits a different rigidity dependence. Below 60 GV, the (p[over ¯]/p), (p[over ¯]/e^{+}), and (p/e^{+}) flux ratios each reaches a maximum. From ∼60 to ∼500 GV, the (p[over ¯]/p), (p[over ¯]/e^{+}), and (p/e^{+}) flux ratios show no rigidity dependence. These are new observations of the properties of elementary particles in the cosmos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Ali Cavasonza
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Alpat
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Ambrosi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Arruda
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - N Attig
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Aupetit
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Azzarello
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Bachlechner
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Barao
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Barrau
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - L Barrin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - L Basara
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Başeǧmez-du Pree
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - M Battarbee
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - R Battiston
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Bazo
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - U Becker
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Behlmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Beischer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Berdugo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Bertucci
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - V Bindi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - G Boella
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - W de Boer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Bollweg
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Bonnivard
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Borgia
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - M J Boschini
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Bourquin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - E F Bueno
- Instituto de Fìsica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Burger
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Cadoux
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X D Cai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Capell
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Caroff
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J Casaus
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - I Cernuda
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cervelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M J Chae
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - Y H Chang
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - A I Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G M Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - H S Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - L Cheng
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - H Y Chou
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - E Choumilov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Choutko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C H Chung
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Clark
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - R Clavero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - G Coignet
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - C Consolandi
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - A Contin
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - B Coste
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - W Creus
- National Central University (NCU), Chung-Li, Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan
| | - M Crispoltoni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Cui
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Y M Dai
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - C Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Della Torre
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M B Demirköz
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Derome
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S Di Falco
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Dimiccoli
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P von Doetinchem
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - F Dong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - F Donnini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Duranti
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D D'Urso
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Egorov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Eline
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Eronen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J Feng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - E Fiandrini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Finch
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Fisher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Formato
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Y Galaktionov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Gallucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - B García
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J García-López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - H Gast
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Gebauer
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Gervasi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - A Ghelfi
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - F Giovacchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Goglov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D M Gómez-Coral
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - J Gong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - C Goy
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - D Grandi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M Graziani
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - I Guerri
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - K H Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Habiby
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Haino
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - K C Han
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Z H He
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - M Heil
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Hoffman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - T H Hsieh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Huang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z C Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - C Huh
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - M Incagli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Ionica
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - W Y Jang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - H Jinchi
- National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - S C Kang
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K Kanishev
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G N Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - Th Kirn
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Konak
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Kounina
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kounine
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Koutsenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M S Krafczyk
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G La Vacca
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - G Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - I Lazzizzera
- INFN TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Lebedev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H T Lee
- Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S C Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Leluc
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - H S Li
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - J Q Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Q Li
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T X Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - W Li
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Z H Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z Y Li
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S Lim
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - C H Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - P Lipari
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - T Lippert
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hu Liu
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Q Lu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Y S Lu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - K Luebelsmeyer
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Luo
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - J Z Luo
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S S Lv
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - R Majka
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - C Mañá
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - T Martin
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - G Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Masi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., 01000 Mexico
| | - Q Meng
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - D C Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | | | - P Mott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - T Nelson
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Q Ni
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - N Nikonov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Nozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Nunes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orcinha
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Palmonari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Palomares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paniccia
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - M Pauluzzi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
- Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Pensotti
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Pereira
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | | | - F Pilo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - V Plyaskin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Pohl
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Putze
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - L Quadrani
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - X M Qi
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - X Qin
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Z Y Qu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - T Räihä
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P G Rancoita
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - D Rapin
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - J S Ricol
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Rozhkov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Rozza
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - R Sagdeev
- East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J Sandweiss
- Physics Department, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - P Saouter
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - S Schael
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S M Schmidt
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Schulz von Dratzig
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Schwering
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E S Seo
- IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - B S Shan
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - J Y Shi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - T Siedenburg
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Son
- CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea
| | - J W Song
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - W H Sun
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Tacconi
- INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - X W Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z C Tang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - L Tao
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Samuel C C Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S M Ting
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - N Tomassetti
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Torsti
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - C Türkoğlu
- Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Urban
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Jacobs Engineering, and Business Integra, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
| | - V Vagelli
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Valente
- INFN Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Vannini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Valtonen
- Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Vázquez Acosta
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M Vecchi
- Instituto de Fìsica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J P Vialle
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - V Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - S Vitillo
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - L Q Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - N H Wang
- Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Q L Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - X Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - C C Wei
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Z L Weng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Whitman
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - J Wienkenhöver
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Willenbrock
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Wu
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - X Wu
- DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - X Xia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Q Xiong
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - W Xu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Q Yan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
| | - M Yang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - H Yi
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Y J Yu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Z Q Yu
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - S Zeissler
- Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J H Zhang
- Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - S D Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S W Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Z M Zheng
- Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Z Q Zhu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H L Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - V Zhukov
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Zichichi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - N Zimmermann
- I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Zuccon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Pohl M, Bertram M. [Efficacy of early neurological and neurosurgical rehabilitation : Evidence-based treatment, outcome and prognostic factors]. Nervenarzt 2016; 87:1043-1050. [PMID: 27531205 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurological and neurosurgical rehabilitation (ENNR) as a complex post-acute form of treatment for patients with severe neurological diseases and continued need for intensive care is well established in Germany. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of ENNR from the perspective of evidence-based medicine as well as to present data on the outcome of ENNR patients including the analysis of prognostic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search was carried out in PubMed databases to identify early rehabilitation treatment forms evaluated by randomized controlled trials and with respect to large multicenter surveys of outcome and prognostic factors. RESULTS For ENNR as a complex treatment concept, effectiveness not has been shown with regard to evidence-based medicine but it includes individually effective treatment forms. In two large multicenter evaluations the average duration of treatment was between 51 and 57 days and mortality was between 6 % and 10 %, increasing with the proportion of mechanically ventilated patients. Lower need for nursing support on admission indicated better outcome, whereas mechanical ventilation was more likely to be associated with poor outcome. Long-term outcome was negatively influenced by mechanical ventilation as well as severe neurogenic dysphagia with and without the need for a tracheal cannula and/or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and also by severely impaired communication at the end of ENNR. DISCUSSION These prognostic factors indicate the primary aims of ENNR, which are to reduce the need for nursing support and to establish the capability for rehabilitation. If these aims are achieved, favorable functional and long-term outcome can be expected for ENNR patients. The presented studies verify the sustained efficacy of ENNR as an essential part of the overall treatment concept for severely neurologically impaired patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pohl
- Helios Klinik Schloss Pulsnitz, Wittgensteiner Strasse 1, 01896, Pulsnitz, Deutschland.
| | - M Bertram
- Kliniken Schmieder, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Rollnik JD, Bertram M, Bucka C, Hartwich M, Jöbges M, Ketter G, Leineweber B, Mertl-Rötzer M, Nowak DA, Platz T, Scheidtmann K, Thomas R, von Rosen F, Wallesch CW, Woldag H, Peschel P, Mehrholz J, Pohl M. Criterion validity and sensitivity to change of the Early Rehabilitation Index (ERI): results from a German multi-center study. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:356. [PMID: 27440117 PMCID: PMC4955142 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluation of functional status is difficult in neurological and neurosurgical early rehabilitation patients. The Early Rehabilitation Index (ERI) was introduced in Germany over 20 years ago, but since then validation studies are lacking. The ERI (range −325 to 0 points) includes highly relevant items including the necessity of intermittent mechanical ventilation or tracheostomy. Methods The present paper analyzed data from a German multi-center study, enrolling 754 neurological early rehabilitation patients. Together with ERI, Barthel Index (BI), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Outcome Score Extended, Coma Remission Scale (CRS), Functional Ambulation Categories and length of stay were obtained. Results ERI showed significant improvements from admission to discharge (p < 0.001). In addition, there were significant correlations of the ERI upon admission and at discharge with BI, CRS and GCS. Conclusions Evaluation of our study data suggest that the ERI may be used as a valid assessment instrument for neurological and neurosurgical early rehabilitation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens D Rollnik
- Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research (InFo), BDH-Klinik Hessisch Oldendorf, Associated Institute of Hannover Medical School (MHH), Greitstr. 18-28, Hessisch Oldendorf, 31840, Germany.
| | - M Bertram
- Kliniken Schmieder Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Bucka
- Neurologische Klinik Westend, Bad Wildungen, Germany
| | - M Hartwich
- Asklepios Schlossberg Klinik Bad König, Bad König, Germany
| | - M Jöbges
- Brandenburg Klinik Bernau, Bernau bei Berlin, Germany
| | - G Ketter
- Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum "Godeshöhe"Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Leineweber
- Neurologische Klinik GmbH Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt, Germany
| | | | - D A Nowak
- Helios Klinik Kipfenberg, Kipfenberg, Germany
| | - T Platz
- BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - R Thomas
- Asklepios Kliniken Schildautal Seesen, Seesen, Germany
| | - F von Rosen
- Schön Klinik Bad Staffelstein, Bad Staffelstein, Germany
| | | | - H Woldag
- Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Peschel
- Department of Public Health, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Mehrholz
- Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Germany
| | - M Pohl
- Klinik Schloss Pulsnitz, Pulsnitz, Germany
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Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity distribution in proton-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2016; 76:199. [PMID: 28260972 PMCID: PMC5312138 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The centrality dependence of the mean charged-particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity is measured in approximately 1 [Formula: see text]b[Formula: see text] of proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Charged particles with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.7 are reconstructed using the ATLAS pixel detector. The [Formula: see text] collision centrality is characterised by the total transverse energy measured in the Pb-going direction of the forward calorimeter. The charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions are found to vary strongly with centrality, with an increasing asymmetry between the proton-going and Pb-going directions as the collisions become more central. Three different estimations of the number of nucleons participating in the [Formula: see text] collision have been carried out using the Glauber model as well as two Glauber-Gribov inspired extensions to the Glauber model. Charged-particle multiplicities per participant pair are found to vary differently for these three models, highlighting the importance of including colour fluctuations in nucleon-nucleon collisions in the modelling of the initial state of [Formula: see text] collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Aad
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - T. Abajyan
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B. Abbott
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - J. Abdallah
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - O. Abdinov
- Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - R. Aben
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. Abi
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - M. Abolins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - O. S. AbouZeid
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - H. Abramowicz
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H. Abreu
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y. Abulaiti
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B. S. Acharya
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- ICTP, Trieste, Italy
| | - L. Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - D. L. Adams
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - T. N. Addy
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA USA
| | - J. Adelman
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - S. Adomeit
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T. Adye
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | | | - J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Agustoni
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. P. Ahlen
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - F. Ahmadov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - G. Aielli
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - G. Akimoto
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. V. Akimov
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Albert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - S. Albrand
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. J. Alconada Verzini
- Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | - C. Alexa
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G. Alexander
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G. Alexandre
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. Alexopoulos
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - M. Alhroob
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - L. Alio
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - J. Alison
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - B. M. M. Allbrooke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L. J. Allison
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - P. P. Allport
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - J. Almond
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. Aloisio
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - R. Alon
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A. Alonso
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F. Alonso
- Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C. Alpigiani
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A. Altheimer
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - B. Alvarez Gonzalez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - M. G. Alviggi
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - K. Amako
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y. Amaral Coutinho
- Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C. Amelung
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - V. V. Ammosov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - S. P. Amor Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Amorim
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S. Amoroso
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N. Amram
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G. Amundsen
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - C. Anastopoulos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - L. S. Ancu
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - T. Andeen
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - C. F. Anders
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - K. J. Anderson
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. Andreazza
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Andrei
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X. S. Anduaga
- Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S. Angelidakis
- Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P. Anger
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Angerami
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | | | - A. V. Anisenkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N. Anjos
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Annovi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A. Antonaki
- Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Antonelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A. Antonov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Antos
- Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | | | - M. Aoki
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L. Aperio Bella
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. Apolle
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - G. Arabidze
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - I. Aracena
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Y. Arai
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - A. T. H. Arce
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - J-F. Arguin
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - M. Arik
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - O. Arnaez
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - V. Arnal
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - O. Arslan
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Artamonov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Artoni
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - S. Asai
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Asbah
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - S. Ask
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B. Åsman
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L. Asquith
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - K. Assamagan
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - R. Astalos
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M. Atkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - N. B. Atlay
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - B. Auerbach
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - E. Auge
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - K. Augsten
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Aurousseau
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - G. Azuelos
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Y. Azuma
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - C. Bacci
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - A. M. Bach
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - H. Bachacou
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K. Bachas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | | | - M. Backhaus
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - E. Badescu
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - P. Bagiacchi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Bagnaia
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Y. Bai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D. C. Bailey
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - T. Bain
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - J. T. Baines
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - O. K. Baker
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - S. Baker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. Balek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F. Balli
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E. Banas
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sw. Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - A. Bangert
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - V. Bansal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - H. S. Bansil
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L. Barak
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T. Barber
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. L. Barberio
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - D. Barberis
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - M. Barbero
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - T. Barillari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - M. Barisonzi
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Barklow
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - N. Barlow
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B. M. Barnett
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - R. M. Barnett
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - G. Barone
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. J. Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - F. Barreiro
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R. Bartoldus
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - A. E. Barton
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - P. Bartos
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - V. Bartsch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - A. Bassalat
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A. Basye
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - R. L. Bates
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L. Batkova
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J. R. Batley
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - F. Bauer
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H. S. Bawa
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - T. Beau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. H. Beauchemin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - R. Beccherle
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Bechtle
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H. P. Beck
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K. Becker
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. Becker
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Beckingham
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - A. J. Beddall
- Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - A. Beddall
- Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - S. Bedikian
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - V. A. Bednyakov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - C. P. Bee
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - L. J. Beemster
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. A. Beermann
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M. Begel
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - J. K. Behr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - P. J. Bell
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W. H. Bell
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Bella
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - A. Bellerive
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - M. Bellomo
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - A. Belloni
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - K. Belotskiy
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - O. Benary
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D. Benchekroun
- Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies-Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - K. Bendtz
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Benekos
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Y. Benhammou
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - K. Benslama
- Physics Department, University of Regina, Regina SK, Canada
| | - S. Bentvelsen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Berge
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - N. Berger
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F. Berghaus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - E. Berglund
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Beringer
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - C. Bernard
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - P. Bernat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. Bernius
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA USA
| | - F. U. Bernlochner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - T. Berry
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - P. Berta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C. Bertella
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - F. Bertolucci
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - G. J. Besjes
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O. Bessidskaia Bylund
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Besson
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Betancourt
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Bethke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - W. Bhimji
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R. M. Bianchi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - L. Bianchini
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | | | - O. Biebel
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S. P. Bieniek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - K. Bierwagen
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Biesiada
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | | | - H. Bilokon
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M. Bindi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Binet
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A. Bingul
- Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - C. Bini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - C. W. Black
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. E. Black
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - K. M. Black
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - D. Blackburn
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - R. E. Blair
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - J.-B. Blanchard
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Blazek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - I. Bloch
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C. Blocker
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - W. Blum
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - U. Blumenschein
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G. J. Bobbink
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - A. Bocci
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - C. R. Boddy
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Boehler
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Boek
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. T. Boek
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | - A. Bogouch
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - C. Bohm
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Bohm
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Boisvert
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - T. Bold
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - V. Boldea
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. S. Boldyrev
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. M. Bolnet
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Bona
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M. Boonekamp
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Borisov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - G. Borissov
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - M. Borri
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - J. Bortfeldt
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V. Bortolotto
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - K. Bos
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Bosman
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H. Boterenbrood
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Boudreau
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - J. Bouffard
- Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA
| | | | - D. Boumediene
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C. Bourdarios
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - N. Bousson
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - S. Boutouil
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco
| | - A. Boveia
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - I. R. Boyko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | | | - J. Bracinik
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - A. Brandt
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - G. Brandt
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - O. Brandt
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U. Bratzler
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B. Brau
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - J. E. Brau
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - H. M. Braun
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. F. Brazzale
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - B. Brelier
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - K. Brendlinger
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - A. J. Brennan
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - R. Brenner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Bressler
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - K. Bristow
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T. M. Bristow
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D. Britton
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F. M. Brochu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I. Brock
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Brock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - C. Bromberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - J. Bronner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - G. Brooijmans
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - T. Brooks
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - W. K. Brooks
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - J. Brosamer
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - E. Brost
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - G. Brown
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Brown
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - D. Bruncko
- Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - R. Bruneliere
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Brunet
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - A. Bruni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Bruni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - L. Bryngemark
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - T. Buanes
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Q. Buat
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - F. Bucci
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. Buchholz
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - A. G. Buckley
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. I. Buda
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I. A. Budagov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - F. Buehrer
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - L. Bugge
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. K. Bugge
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - O. Bulekov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. C. Bundock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - S. Burdin
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B. Burghgrave
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL USA
| | - S. Burke
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - I. Burmeister
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - E. Busato
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V. Büscher
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - P. Bussey
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C. P. Buszello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B. Butler
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - J. M. Butler
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - A. I. Butt
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - C. M. Buttar
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. M. Butterworth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - W. Buttinger
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A. Buzatu
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M. Byszewski
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - S. Cabrera Urbán
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Caforio
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - O. Cakir
- Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P. Calafiura
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - G. Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. Calfayan
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R. Calkins
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL USA
| | - L. P. Caloba
- Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D. Calvet
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Calvet
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R. Camacho Toro
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Cameron
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - L. M. Caminada
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - R. Caminal Armadans
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M. Campanelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. Campoverde
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - V. Canale
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - J. Cantero
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Cantrill
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - T. Cao
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | | | - I. Caprini
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. Caprini
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. Capua
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - R. Caputo
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - L. Carminati
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Caron
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E. Carquin
- Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - J. R. Carter
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. Casadei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. P. Casado
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A. Castelli
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. Castillo Gimenez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - N. F. Castro
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Catastini
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - J. R. Catmore
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - G. Cattani
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Caughron
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - V. Cavaliere
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | | | - M. Cavalli-Sforza
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. Cavasinni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Ceradini
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - B. C. Cerio
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - K. Cerny
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. S. Cerqueira
- Electrical Circuits Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - A. Cerri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - L. Cerrito
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - F. Cerutti
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - A. Cervelli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. A. Cetin
- Department of Physics Engineering, Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Chafaq
- Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies-Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - D. Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL USA
| | - I. Chalupkova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Chan
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - P. Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - B. Chapleau
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - J. D. Chapman
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - D. G. Charlton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - S. Cheatham
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - S. Chekanov
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | | | - G. A. Chelkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - M. A. Chelstowska
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - C. Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - H. Chen
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - K. Chen
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - L. Chen
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - S. Chen
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - X. Chen
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Y. Chen
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - H. C. Cheng
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Y. Cheng
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. Cheplakov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | | | - V. Chernyatin
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - E. Cheu
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - L. Chevalier
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - V. Chiarella
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - G. Chiefari
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - A. S. Chisholm
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. T. Chislett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. Chitan
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. V. Chizhov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - S. Chouridou
- Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - B. K. B. Chow
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - I. A. Christidi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - M. L. Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J. Chudoba
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Chytka
- Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - G. Ciapetti
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. K. Ciftci
- Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - R. Ciftci
- Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D. Cinca
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - V. Cindro
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A. Ciocio
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - P. Cirkovic
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Z. H. Citron
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M. Ciubancan
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. Clark
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. J. Clark
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R. N. Clarke
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - W. Cleland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - J. C. Clemens
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - B. Clement
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Clement
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y. Coadou
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - M. Cobal
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - A. Coccaro
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - J. Cochran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - L. Coffey
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - J. G. Cogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - J. Coggeshall
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - B. Cole
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - S. Cole
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL USA
| | - A. P. Colijn
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Collins-Tooth
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Collot
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - T. Colombo
- ZITI Institut für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G. Colon
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - G. Compostella
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - P. Conde Muiño
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E. Coniavitis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. C. Conidi
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. A. Connelly
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - S. M. Consonni
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Consorti
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Constantinescu
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C. Conta
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G. Conti
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - M. Cooke
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - B. D. Cooper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - K. Copic
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - T. Cornelissen
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - F. Corriveau
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. Corso-Radu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - A. Cortes-Gonzalez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Cortiana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - G. Costa
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. J. Costa
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Costanzo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - D. Côté
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - G. Cottin
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Cowan
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - B. E. Cox
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K. Cranmer
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - G. Cree
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - S. Crépé-Renaudin
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F. Crescioli
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | | | - G. Crosetti
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - C.-M. Cuciuc
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - J. Cummings
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - M. Curatolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C. Cuthbert
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - H. Czirr
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - P. Czodrowski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Z. Czyczula
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - S. D’Auria
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M. D’Onofrio
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Da Via
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W. Dabrowski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - A. Dafinca
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - T. Dai
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - O. Dale
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - F. Dallaire
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - C. Dallapiccola
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - M. Dam
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. C. Daniells
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. Dano Hoffmann
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V. Dao
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Darbo
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - G. L. Darlea
- University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Darmora
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | | | - W. Davey
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. David
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - T. Davidek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Davies
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Davies
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - O. Davignon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A. R. Davison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. Davison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Y. Davygora
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Dawe
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - I. Dawson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - K. De
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | | | - S. De Castro
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S. De Cecco
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - J. de Graat
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - N. De Groot
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. de Jong
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - H. De la Torre
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. De Lorenzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - L. De Nooij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - U. De Sanctis
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - A. De Santo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - G. De Zorzi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - R. Debbe
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - C. Debenedetti
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B. Dechenaux
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. V. Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - J. Degenhardt
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - I. Deigaard
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Del Peso
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Del Prete
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T. Delemontex
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F. Deliot
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Deliyergiyev
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - L. Dell’Asta
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - D. della Volpe
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Delmastro
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P. A. Delsart
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Deluca
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Demers
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - M. Demichev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - A. Demilly
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. P. Denisov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - D. Derendarz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. E. Derkaoui
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco
| | - F. Derue
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. Dervan
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - K. Desch
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - P. O. Deviveiros
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Dewhurst
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - S. Dhaliwal
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Di Ciaccio
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Di Ciaccio
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A. Di Domenico
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Di Donato
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - A. Di Mattia
- Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - B. Di Micco
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Di Nardo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A. Di Simone
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R. Di Sipio
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Di Valentino
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - M. A. Diaz
- Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E. B. Diehl
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | | | - T. A. Dietzsch
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Diglio
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Dimitrievska
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - J. Dingfelder
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Dionisi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - P. Dita
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Dita
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - F. Djama
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - T. Djobava
- High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - J. I. Djuvsland
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. A. B. do Vale
- Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ), Sao Joao del Rei, Brazil
| | - A. Do Valle Wemans
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Dep Fisica and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - T. K. O. Doan
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | | | - E. Dobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. Doglioni
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. Doherty
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T. Dohmae
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Dolejsi
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Dolezal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Donadelli
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. Donati
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Dondero
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - J. Donini
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - A. Doria
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Dotti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. T. Dova
- Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A. T. Doyle
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M. Dris
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - J. Dubbert
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - S. Dube
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - E. Dubreuil
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E. Duchovni
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G. Duckeck
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - O. A. Ducu
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - D. Duda
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - F. Dudziak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - L. Duflot
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - L. Duguid
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | | | - M. Dunford
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M. Düren
- II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M. Dwuznik
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. Ebke
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W. Edson
- Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA
| | - N. C. Edwards
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W. Ehrenfeld
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Eifert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - G. Eigen
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K. Einsweiler
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - T. Ekelof
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. El Kacimi
- Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M. Ellert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Elles
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F. Ellinghaus
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - J. Elmsheuser
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - D. Emeliyanov
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Y. Enari
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O. C. Endner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Endo
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - J. Erdmann
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - A. Ereditato
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Eriksson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G. Ernis
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Ernst
- Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA
| | - M. Ernst
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - J. Ernwein
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Errede
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - S. Errede
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - E. Ertel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Escalier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - H. Esch
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Escobar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - X. Espinal Curull
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B. Esposito
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A. I. Etienvre
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E. Etzion
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H. Evans
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - L. Fabbri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - R. M. Fakhrutdinov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | | | - J. Faltova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y. Fang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M. Fanti
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Farbin
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | | | - T. Farooque
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Farrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | | | | | - F. Fassi
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | - A. Favareto
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L. Fayard
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - P. Federic
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - O. L. Fedin
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - W. Fedorko
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - M. Fehling-Kaschek
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - L. Feligioni
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - C. Feng
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - E. J. Feng
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - H. Feng
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - A. B. Fenyuk
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | | | - W. Fernando
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - S. Ferrag
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Ferrando
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - A. Ferrari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. Ferrari
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - A. Ferrer
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Ferrere
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Ferretti
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - A. Ferretto Parodi
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - M. Fiascaris
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - F. Fiedler
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Filipčič
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - F. Filthaut
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fincke-Keeler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - K. D. Finelli
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. C. N. Fiolhais
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Fiorini
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Firan
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - J. Fischer
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | | | - M. Flechl
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - I. Fleck
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - P. Fleischmann
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Fleischmann
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G. T. Fletcher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G. Fletcher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - T. Flick
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A. Floderus
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - M. J. Flowerdew
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - A. Formica
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Forti
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - D. Fournier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - H. Fox
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - P. Francavilla
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Franchini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - M. Franklin
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - S. Franz
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Fraternali
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - S. Fratina
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - S. T. French
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - F. Friedrich
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - J. A. Frost
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E. Fullana Torregrosa
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B. G. Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - J. Fuster
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Gabaldon
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - O. Gabizon
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A. Gabrielli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Gabrielli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Gadatsch
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Gadomski
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Gagliardi
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - P. Gagnon
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - C. Galea
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Galhardo
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E. J. Gallas
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - V. Gallo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. J. Gallop
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - P. Gallus
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G. Galster
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K. K. Gan
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - J. Gao
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - Y. S. Gao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - F. M. Garay Walls
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F. Garberson
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - C. García
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. E. García Navarro
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Garcia-Sciveres
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - R. W. Gardner
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - N. Garelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - C. Gatti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - B. Gaur
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - L. Gauthier
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - P. Gauzzi
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - I. L. Gavrilenko
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Gay
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - G. Gaycken
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E. N. Gazis
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - P. Ge
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Z. Gecse
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - C. N. P. Gee
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - D. A. A. Geerts
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C. Gemme
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Gemmell
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M. H. Genest
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - S. Gentile
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - M. George
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S. George
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - D. Gerbaudo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - A. Gershon
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H. Ghazlane
- Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - N. Ghodbane
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - S. Giagu
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Giangiobbe
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Giannetti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - B. Gibbard
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - S. M. Gibson
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - M. Gilchriese
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - T. P. S. Gillam
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - A. R. Gillman
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - D. M. Gingrich
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - N. Giokaris
- Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M. P. Giordani
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - R. Giordano
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - F. M. Giorgi
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - P. F. Giraud
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Giugni
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Giuliani
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Giunta
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - I. Gkialas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - L. K. Gladilin
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Glasman
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - G. L. Glonti
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - M. Goblirsch-Kolb
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - J. R. Goddard
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J. Godfrey
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | | | - C. Goeringer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Goldfarb
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - T. Golling
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - D. Golubkov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - A. Gomes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - R. Gonçalo
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - L. Gonella
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. González de la Hoz
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - G. Gonzalez Parra
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - P. A. Gorbounov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - H. A. Gordon
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - I. Gorelov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | | | - E. Gorini
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Gorišek
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E. Gornicki
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - A. T. Goshaw
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - C. Gössling
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. I. Gostkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - M. Gouighri
- Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies-Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - D. Goujdami
- Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M. P. Goulette
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. G. Goussiou
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - C. Goy
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Gozpinar
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - H. M. X. Grabas
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L. Graber
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - I. Grabowska-Bold
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - P. Grafström
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J. Gramling
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Gramstad
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - S. Grancagnolo
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Grassi
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - V. Gratchev
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - O. G. Grebenyuk
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - K. Gregersen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - P. Grenier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - J. Griffiths
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - A. A. Grillo
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - K. Grimm
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - S. Grinstein
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ph. Gris
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Y. V. Grishkevich
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - J.-F. Grivaz
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - J. P. Grohs
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - E. Gross
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J. Grosse-Knetter
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G. C. Grossi
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - J. Groth-Jensen
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Z. J. Grout
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - K. Grybel
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - L. Guan
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - J. Guenther
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F. Guescini
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Guest
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - O. Gueta
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C. Guicheney
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E. Guido
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - T. Guillemin
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S. Guindon
- Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA
| | - U. Gul
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C. Gumpert
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Guo
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - S. Gupta
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Gutierrez
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | | | - C. Gutschow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - N. Guttman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C. Guyot
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Gwenlan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - C. B. Gwilliam
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A. Haas
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - C. Haber
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - H. K. Hadavand
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - N. Haddad
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - P. Haefner
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Hageböck
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Z. Hajduk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - D. Hall
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - G. Halladjian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - K. Hamacher
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P. Hamal
- Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - K. Hamano
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - M. Hamer
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A. Hamilton
- Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S. Hamilton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - L. Han
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - K. Hanagaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K. Hanawa
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Hance
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - P. Hanke
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. B. Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. D. Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. H. Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K. Hara
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - A. S. Hard
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - T. Harenberg
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. Harkusha
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - D. Harper
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - R. D. Harrington
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - O. M. Harris
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - P. F. Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - F. Hartjes
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Harvey
- Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA USA
| | - S. Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y. Hasegawa
- Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - S. Hassani
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S. Haug
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - R. Hauser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - M. Havranek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C. M. Hawkes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - A. D. Hawkins
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - T. Hayashi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D. Hayden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - C. P. Hays
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - H. S. Hayward
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. J. Haywood
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - S. J. Head
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T. Heck
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - V. Hedberg
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Heelan
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - S. Heim
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - T. Heim
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B. Heinemann
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - L. Heinrich
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - S. Heisterkamp
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Hejbal
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Helary
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - C. Heller
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - S. Hellman
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Hellmich
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - J. Henderson
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - A. Henrichs
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | | | - C. Hensel
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - G. H. Herbert
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. Hernández Jiménez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - G. Herten
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R. Hertenberger
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - G. G. Hesketh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - N. P. Hessey
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Hickling
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - E. Higón-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. C. Hill
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - S. Hillert
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. J. Hillier
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I. Hinchliffe
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - E. Hines
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - M. Hirose
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - D. Hirschbuehl
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Hobbs
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - N. Hod
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. Hodgkinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P. Hodgson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - M. R. Hoeferkamp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - J. Hoffman
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - D. Hoffmann
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - M. Hohlfeld
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - T. R. Holmes
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - T. M. Hong
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - J-Y. Hostachy
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - S. Hou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A. Hoummada
- Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Réseau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies-Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - J. Howard
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - M. Hrabovsky
- Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - I. Hristova
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Hrivnac
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - T. Hryn’ova
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P. J. Hsu
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S.-C. Hsu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - D. Hu
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - X. Hu
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - Y. Huang
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | | | - F. Hubaut
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - F. Huegging
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. B. Huffman
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - E. W. Hughes
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - G. Hughes
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - T. A. Hülsing
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Hurwitz
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - N. Huseynov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - J. Huston
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - J. Huth
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - G. Iacobucci
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Iakovidis
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - I. Ibragimov
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - E. Ideal
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - P. Iengo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - O. Igonkina
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Y. Ikegami
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K. Ikematsu
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - M. Ikeno
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D. Iliadis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - N. Ilic
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Y. Inamaru
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Ince
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - P. Ioannou
- Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Iodice
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - K. Iordanidou
- Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - V. Ippolito
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Irles Quiles
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - C. Isaksson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. Ishino
- Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M. Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - C. Issever
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Istin
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J. M. Iturbe Ponce
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. V. Ivashin
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - W. Iwanski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - H. Iwasaki
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - J. M. Izen
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | - V. Izzo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - B. Jackson
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - J. N. Jackson
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Jackson
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P. Jackson
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - V. Jain
- Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, NY USA
| | - K. Jakobs
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Jakobsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. Jakoubek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Jakubek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. O. Jamin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - D. K. Jana
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA USA
| | - E. Jansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - J. Janssen
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Janus
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G. Jarlskog
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - L. Jeanty
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - G.-Y. Jeng
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - D. Jennens
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - P. Jenni
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Jentzsch
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Jeske
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S. Jézéquel
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - H. Ji
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - W. Ji
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Jia
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Y. Jiang
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | | | - S. Jin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A. Jinaru
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - O. Jinnouchi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. D. Joergensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D. Joffe
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - K. E. Johansson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. Johansson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - K. A. Johns
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - K. Jon-And
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G. Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - T. J. Jones
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P. M. Jorge
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - K. D. Joshi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Jovicevic
- Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - X. Ju
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - C. A. Jung
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - P. Jussel
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Juste Rozas
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Kaci
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - A. Kaczmarska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - M. Kado
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - H. Kagan
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - M. Kagan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - E. Kajomovitz
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - S. Kama
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - N. Kanaya
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - S. Kaneti
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Kanno
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - J. Kanzaki
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - B. Kaplan
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. Kapliy
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - D. Kar
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K. Karakostas
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - N. Karastathis
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - M. Karnevskiy
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. N. Karpov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - K. Karthik
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | | | - A. N. Karyukhin
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - L. Kashif
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - G. Kasieczka
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A. Kastanas
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Y. Kataoka
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Katre
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Katzy
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - V. Kaushik
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - K. Kawagoe
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T. Kawamoto
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G. Kawamura
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S. Kazama
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - V. F. Kazanin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M. Y. Kazarinov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - R. Keeler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - R. Kehoe
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - M. Keil
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. S. Keller
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - H. Keoshkerian
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - O. Kepka
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B. P. Kerševan
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S. Kersten
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K. Kessoku
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Keung
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - F. Khalil-zada
- Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - H. Khandanyan
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Khanov
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - A. Khodinov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Khomich
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. J. Khoo
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. Khoriauli
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Khoroshilov
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - V. Khovanskiy
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - E. Khramov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - J. Khubua
- High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - H. Kim
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. H. Kim
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - O. M. Kind
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - B. T. King
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. King
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - R. S. B. King
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - S. B. King
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - J. Kirk
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - A. E. Kiryunin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - T. Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - D. Kisielewska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - F. Kiss
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T. Kitamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Kittelmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - K. Kiuchi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - E. Kladiva
- Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - M. Klein
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - U. Klein
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - P. Klimek
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Klimentov
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - R. Klingenberg
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. A. Klinger
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E. B. Klinkby
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - P. F. Klok
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E.-E. Kluge
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Kluit
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kluth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - E. Kneringer
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - A. Knue
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - T. Kobayashi
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Kobel
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Kocian
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - P. Kodys
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Koevesarki
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Koffas
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - E. Koffeman
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. A. Kogan
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Kohlmann
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Z. Kohout
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kohriki
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T. Koi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - H. Kolanoski
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - I. Koletsou
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J. Koll
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - A. A. Komar
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Komori
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Kondo
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K. Köneke
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. C. König
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S. König
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Kono
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - R. Konoplich
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - N. Konstantinidis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Kopeliansky
- Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - S. Koperny
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - L. Köpke
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. K. Kopp
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Korcyl
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - K. Kordas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - A. Korn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. A. Korol
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I. Korolkov
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. V. Korolkova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - V. A. Korotkov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - O. Kortner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - S. Kortner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | | | - V. M. Kotov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - A. Kotwal
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - V. Kouskoura
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | | | - R. Kowalewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - T. Z. Kowalski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - W. Kozanecki
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. S. Kozhin
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - V. Kral
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. A. Kramarenko
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Kramberger
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - M. W. Krasny
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - J. K. Kraus
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Kravchenko
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - S. Kreiss
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - M. Kretz
- ZITI Institut für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Kretzschmar
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - K. Kreutzfeldt
- II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - P. Krieger
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - K. Kroeninger
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H. Kroha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - J. Kroll
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - J. Kroseberg
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Krstic
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - U. Kruchonak
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - H. Krüger
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Kruker
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N. Krumnack
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | | | - A. Kruse
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - M. C. Kruse
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - M. Kruskal
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - T. Kubota
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - S. Kuday
- Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S. Kuehn
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Kugel
- ZITI Institut für technische Informatik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A. Kuhl
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - T. Kuhl
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - V. Kukhtin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - Y. Kulchitsky
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - S. Kuleshov
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - M. Kuna
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - J. Kunkle
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - A. Kupco
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H. Kurashige
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y. A. Kurochkin
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - R. Kurumida
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - V. Kus
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. S. Kuwertz
- Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Kuze
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Kvita
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - A. La Rosa
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L. La Rotonda
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - L. Labarga
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Lacasta
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - F. Lacava
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - J. Lacey
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - H. Lacker
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Lacour
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - V. R. Lacuesta
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - E. Ladygin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - R. Lafaye
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B. Laforge
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - T. Lagouri
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - S. Lai
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Laier
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Laisne
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - L. Lambourne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. L. Lampen
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - W. Lampl
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - E. Lançon
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - U. Landgraf
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. P. J. Landon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - V. S. Lang
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Lange
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A. J. Lankford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - F. Lanni
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | | | - S. Laplace
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C. Lapoire
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. F. Laporte
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Lari
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - P. Laurelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - V. Lavorini
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - W. Lavrijsen
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - P. Laycock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B. T. Le
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - O. Le Dortz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - E. Le Guirriec
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - E. Le Menedeu
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. LeCompte
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - F. Ledroit-Guillon
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C. A. Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H. Lee
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. S. H. Lee
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S. C. Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L. Lee
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - G. Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Lefebvre
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - F. Legger
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Leggett
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - A. Lehan
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Lehmacher
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - X. Lei
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - A. G. Leister
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - M. A. L. Leite
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Leitner
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Lellouch
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - B. Lemmer
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K. J. C. Leney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - T. Lenz
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - R. Leone
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - K. Leonhardt
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Leontsinis
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - C. Leroy
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - C. G. Lester
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. M. Lester
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - J. Levêque
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D. Levin
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - L. J. Levinson
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A. Lewis
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - G. H. Lewis
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. M. Leyko
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Leyton
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | - B. Li
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - B. Li
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - H. Li
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - H. L. Li
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - S. Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - X. Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Z. Liang
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - H. Liao
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B. Liberti
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - K. Lie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - J. Liebal
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Liebig
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C. Limbach
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Limosani
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - M. Limper
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - S. C. Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F. Linde
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. E. Lindquist
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - J. T. Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - E. Lipeles
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - A. Lipniacka
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - T. M. Liss
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - D. Lissauer
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - A. Lister
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - A. M. Litke
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - B. Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - D. Liu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J. B. Liu
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - K. Liu
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - L. Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - M. Liu
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - M. Liu
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - M. Livan
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - A. Lleres
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Llorente Merino
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. L. Lloyd
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - F. Lo Sterzo
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - P. Loch
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - W. S. Lockman
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - F. K. Loebinger
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - A. Loginov
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - C. W. Loh
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - T. Lohse
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Lohwasser
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. P. Lombardo
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J. D. Long
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - R. E. Long
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - L. Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D. Lopez Mateos
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - B. Lopez Paredes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J. Lorenz
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M. Losada
- Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P. Loscutoff
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - X. Lou
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | - A. Lounis
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - J. Love
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - P. A. Love
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - A. J. Lowe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - H. J. Lubatti
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - C. Luci
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Lucotte
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - F. Luehring
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - W. Lukas
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - O. Lundberg
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B. Lund-Jensen
- Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Lungwitz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Lynn
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - R. Lysak
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Lytken
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - H. Ma
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - L. L. Ma
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - G. Maccarrone
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A. Macchiolo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - J. Machado Miguens
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - R. Mackeprang
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. Madar
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - W. F. Mader
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T. Maeno
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - M. Maeno Kataoka
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - E. Magradze
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K. Mahboubi
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Mahlstedt
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Mahmoud
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. Maiani
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Maidantchik
- Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. Maio
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S. Majewski
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Y. Makida
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - N. Makovec
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - P. Mal
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B. Malaescu
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - Pa. Malecki
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - V. P. Maleev
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - F. Malek
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - U. Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - D. Malon
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - C. Malone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - S. Maltezos
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - V. M. Malyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - J. Mamuzic
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - I. Mandić
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - J. Maneira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Manfredini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | | | - J. Manjarres Ramos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Mann
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P. M. Manning
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | | | - B. Mansoulie
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R. Mantifel
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - L. March
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. F. Marchand
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - F. Marchese
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Marcisovsky
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C. P. Marino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - C. N. Marques
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F. Marroquim
- Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S. P. Marsden
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Z. Marshall
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - L. F. Marti
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. Marti-Garcia
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - B. Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - T. A. Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - V. J. Martin
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - H. Martinez
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Martinez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Martin-Haugh
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - A. C. Martyniuk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Marx
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - L. Masetti
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Mashimo
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R. Mashinistov
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Masik
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - I. Massa
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - N. Massol
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P. Mastrandrea
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - A. Mastroberardino
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - T. Masubuchi
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Matsunaga
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Matsushita
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - P. Mättig
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - J. Mattmann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Maurer
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - S. J. Maxfield
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. A. Maximov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R. Mazini
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L. Mazzaferro
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Mc Goldrick
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - S. P. Mc Kee
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - A. McCarn
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - R. L. McCarthy
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - T. G. McCarthy
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - N. A. McCubbin
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | | | - J. A. Mcfayden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - G. Mchedlidze
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T. Mclaughlan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S. J. McMahon
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - R. A. McPherson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - A. Meade
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - J. Mechnich
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Mechtel
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - S. Meehan
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - R. Meera-Lebbai
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - S. Mehlhase
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Mehta
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - K. Meier
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Meineck
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B. Meirose
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - C. Melachrinos
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - F. Meloni
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Mendoza Navas
- Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Mengarelli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Menke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - E. Meoni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - K. M. Mercurio
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - S. Mergelmeyer
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N. Meric
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Mermod
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L. Merola
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Meroni
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F. S. Merritt
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | - J. Metcalfe
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - A. S. Mete
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - C. Meyer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Meyer
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - J-P. Meyer
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - R. P. Middleton
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - S. Migas
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. Mijović
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Mikenberg
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M. Mikestikova
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Mikuž
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D. W. Miller
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - C. Mills
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Milov
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D. A. Milstead
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Milstein
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A. A. Minaenko
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - M. Miñano Moya
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - A. I. Mincer
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - B. Mindur
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - M. Mineev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - Y. Ming
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - L. M. Mir
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - J. Mitrevski
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V. A. Mitsou
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Mitsui
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - A. Miucci
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P. S. Miyagawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - T. Moa
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V. Moeller
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Mohapatra
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - W. Mohr
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Molander
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R. Moles-Valls
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - K. Mönig
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C. Monini
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Monk
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E. Monnier
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - J. Montejo Berlingen
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Monticelli
- Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S. Monzani
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - R. W. Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - C. Mora Herrera
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Moraes
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - J. Morel
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D. Moreno
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Moreno Llácer
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - M. Morgenstern
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Morii
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - S. Moritz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. K. Morley
- Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - J. D. Morris
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L. Morvaj
- Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H. G. Moser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - M. Mosidze
- High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - J. Moss
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - R. Mount
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - E. Mountricha
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - S. V. Mouraviev
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. J. W. Moyse
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - S. Muanza
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - R. D. Mudd
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F. Mueller
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Mueller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - K. Mueller
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Mueller
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Mueller
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Muenstermann
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y. Munwes
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - W. J. Murray
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - E. Musto
- Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A. G. Myagkov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - M. Myska
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O. Nackenhorst
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Nadal
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K. Nagai
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Nagai
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Nagai
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - K. Nagano
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Y. Nagasaka
- Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M. Nagel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | | | | | - K. Nakamura
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - T. Nakamura
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I. Nakano
- Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - H. Namasivayam
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | - G. Nanava
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Narayan
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Nattermann
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - G. Navarro
- Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R. Nayyar
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - H. A. Neal
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - P. Yu. Nechaeva
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. J. Neep
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. Negri
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - S. Nektarijevic
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Nelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - T. K. Nelson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - S. Nemecek
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Nemethy
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. A. Nepomuceno
- Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - M. S. Neubauer
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - M. Neumann
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A. Neusiedl
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - R. M. Neves
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - P. Nevski
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - P. R. Newman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D. H. Nguyen
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | | | - R. Nicolaidou
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - J. Nielsen
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - N. Nikiforou
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - A. Nikiforov
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Nikolaenko
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - I. Nikolic-Audit
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - K. Nikolics
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Nikolopoulos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P. Nilsson
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - Y. Ninomiya
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - R. Nisius
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - T. Nobe
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L. Nodulman
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - M. Nomachi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - I. Nomidis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - S. Norberg
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | | | - S. Nowak
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - M. Nozaki
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L. Nozka
- Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - K. Ntekas
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | | | | | - T. Nunnemann
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E. Nurse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - F. Nuti
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - B. J. O’Brien
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - F. O’grady
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - D. C. O’Neil
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - V. O’Shea
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F. G. Oakham
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - H. Oberlack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - J. Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A. Ochi
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - I. Ochoa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Oda
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S. Odaka
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H. Ogren
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - A. Oh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S. H. Oh
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - H. Ohman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T. Ohshima
- Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - W. Okamura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H. Okawa
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - Y. Okumura
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - T. Okuyama
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Olariu
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. G. Olchevski
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - S. A. Olivares Pino
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - E. Oliver Garcia
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Olivito
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - A. Olszewski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. Olszowska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - A. Onofre
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - P. U. E. Onyisi
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - M. J. Oreglia
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Y. Oren
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D. Orestano
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - N. Orlando
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - C. Oropeza Barrera
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R. S. Orr
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - B. Osculati
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - R. Ospanov
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - G. Otero y Garzon
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H. Otono
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M. Ouchrif
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco
| | - E. A. Ouellette
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - F. Ould-Saada
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Ouraou
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K. P. Oussoren
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Q. Ouyang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A. Ovcharova
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - M. Owen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V. E. Ozcan
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N. Ozturk
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - K. Pachal
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Pacheco Pages
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Padilla Aranda
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Pagan Griso
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - E. Paganis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C. Pahl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - F. Paige
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - P. Pais
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - K. Pajchel
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G. Palacino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - D. Pallin
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A. Palma
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. D. Palmer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y. B. Pan
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - E. Panagiotopoulou
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | | | - P. Pani
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Panikashvili
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - S. Panitkin
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - D. Pantea
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Th. D. Papadopoulou
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - K. Papageorgiou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - A. Paramonov
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - D. Paredes Hernandez
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M. A. Parker
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. Parodi
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - J. A. Parsons
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - U. Parzefall
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - F. Pastore
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Fr. Pastore
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - G. Pásztor
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Pataraia
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - N. D. Patel
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. R. Pater
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S. Patricelli
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - J. Pearce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - M. Pedersen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Pedraza Lopez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - R. Pedro
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - D. Pelikan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Peng
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - B. Penning
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - J. Penwell
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | | | | | - M. T. Pérez García-Estañ
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - V. Perez Reale
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - L. Perini
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R. F. Y. Peters
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - B. A. Petersen
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | | | - T. C. Petersen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E. Petit
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A. Petridis
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Petridou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | | | - F. Petrucci
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Petteni
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - R. Pezoa
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - P. W. Phillips
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - G. Piacquadio
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - E. Pianori
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Picazio
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Piccaro
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M. Piccinini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - R. Piegaia
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J. E. Pilcher
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. D. Pilkington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Pina
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Pinamonti
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - A. Pinder
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - J. L. Pinfold
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - A. Pingel
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B. Pinto
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Pizio
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M.-A. Pleier
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - V. Pleskot
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Plotnikova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - P. Plucinski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Poddar
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Podlyski
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R. Poettgen
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Poggioli
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - D. Pohl
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Pohl
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Policicchio
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - R. Polifka
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Polini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C. S. Pollard
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - V. Polychronakos
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | | | | | - B. G. Pope
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - G. A. Popeneciu
- Physics Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - D. S. Popovic
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | | | - X. Portell Bueso
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. E. Pospelov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - S. Pospisil
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Potamianos
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - I. N. Potrap
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - C. J. Potter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - C. T. Potter
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | | | - J. Poveda
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - V. Pozdnyakov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - R. Prabhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. Pralavorio
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - A. Pranko
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | | | - R. Pravahan
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - S. Prell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - D. Price
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J. Price
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. E. Price
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - D. Prieur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - M. Proissl
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K. Prokofiev
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - F. Prokoshin
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - E. Protopapadaki
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S. Protopopescu
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - J. Proudfoot
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - M. Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - H. Przysiezniak
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E. Ptacek
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - E. Pueschel
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - D. Puldon
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - M. Purohit
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - P. Puzo
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - J. Qian
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - A. Quadt
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D. R. Quarrie
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - W. B. Quayle
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- ICTP, Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Quilty
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A. Qureshi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - V. Radeka
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | | | - S. K. Radhakrishnan
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - P. Radloff
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - F. Ragusa
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G. Rahal
- Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France
| | - S. Rajagopalan
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | | | - M. Rammes
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - C. Rangel-Smith
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - K. Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - F. Rauscher
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T. C. Rave
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - T. Ravenscroft
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - A. L. Read
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D. M. Rebuzzi
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Redelbach
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Redlinger
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - R. Reece
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - K. Reeves
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | - L. Rehnisch
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Reinsch
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - H. Reisin
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Relich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | | | - Z. L. Ren
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - A. Renaud
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - O. L. Rezanova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P. Reznicek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R. Rezvani
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - R. Richter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - M. Ridel
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. Rieck
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Rijssenbeek
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - A. Rimoldi
- INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - E. Ritsch
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - I. Riu
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Rizatdinova
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - E. Rizvi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - S. H. Robertson
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | | | - D. Robinson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. E. M. Robinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. Robson
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C. Roda
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Roda Dos Santos
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - S. Roe
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O. Røhne
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Rolli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - A. Romaniouk
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Romano
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Romeo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Romero Adam
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - N. Rompotis
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - L. Roos
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - E. Ros
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - K. Rosbach
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Rose
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - M. Rose
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - P. L. Rosendahl
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - O. Rosenthal
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - V. Rossetti
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - R. Rosten
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - M. Rotaru
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - I. Roth
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J. Rothberg
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - D. Rousseau
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - C. R. Royon
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Rozanov
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - Y. Rozen
- Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - X. Ruan
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - F. Rubbo
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - V. I. Rud
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Rudolph
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M. S. Rudolph
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - F. Rühr
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - A. Ruiz-Martinez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Z. Rurikova
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - A. Ruschke
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - N. Ruthmann
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P. Ruzicka
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Y. F. Ryabov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Rybar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G. Rybkin
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - N. C. Ryder
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A. F. Saavedra
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Saddique
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - I. Sadeh
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H. F-W. Sadrozinski
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - R. Sadykov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | | | - H. Sakamoto
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - G. Salamanna
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A. Salamon
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Saleem
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - D. Salek
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - D. Salihagic
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - A. Salnikov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - J. Salt
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - D. Salvatore
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - F. Salvatore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - A. Salvucci
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - D. Sampsonidis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - A. Sanchez
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J. Sánchez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - V. Sanchez Martinez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - H. Sandaker
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H. G. Sander
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. P. Sanders
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Sandhoff
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Sandoval
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. Sandoval
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- ICTP, Trieste, Italy
| | - R. Sandstroem
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - D. P. C. Sankey
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - A. Sansoni
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C. Santoni
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R. Santonico
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - H. Santos
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - K. Sapp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - A. Sapronov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - J. G. Saraiva
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - B. Sarrazin
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Sartisohn
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O. Sasaki
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y. Sasaki
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G. Sauvage
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - E. Sauvan
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J. B. Sauvan
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - P. Savard
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - C. Sawyer
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - L. Sawyer
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA USA
| | - D. H. Saxon
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Saxon
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - C. Sbarra
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Sbrizzi
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | | | - D. A. Scannicchio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - M. Scarcella
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Schaarschmidt
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - P. Schacht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - D. Schaefer
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - A. Schaelicke
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S. Schaepe
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Schaetzel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U. Schäfer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - D. Schaile
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R. D. Schamberger
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - V. Scharf
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V. A. Schegelsky
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D. Scheirich
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Schernau
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - M. I. Scherzer
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - C. Schiavi
- INFN Sezione di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - J. Schieck
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C. Schillo
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Schioppa
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - E. Schmidt
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - C. Schmitt
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Schmitt
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Schneider
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - U. Schnoor
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - L. Schoeffel
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Schoening
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. D. Schoenrock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | | | - M. Schott
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - J. Schovancova
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - S. Schramm
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M. Schreyer
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Schroeder
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N. Schuh
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - H.-C. Schultz-Coulon
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Schulz
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Schumacher
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B. A. Schumm
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Ph. Schune
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ph. Schwegler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - Ph. Schwemling
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R. Schwienhorst
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - J. Schwindling
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Schwindt
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Schwoerer
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - F. G. Sciacca
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E. Scifo
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - G. Sciolla
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - W. G. Scott
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - F. Scuri
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Scutti
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Searcy
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - G. Sedov
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E. Sedykh
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S. C. Seidel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - A. Seiden
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - F. Seifert
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. M. Seixas
- Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - S. J. Sekula
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - K. E. Selbach
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D. M. Seliverstov
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G. Sellers
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Seman
- Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - N. Semprini-Cesari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - L. Serin
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - L. Serkin
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T. Serre
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | | | - H. Severini
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - F. Sforza
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | | | - E. Shabalina
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Shamim
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - L. Y. Shan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J. T. Shank
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Q. T. Shao
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - M. Shapiro
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - P. B. Shatalov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - K. Shaw
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- ICTP, Trieste, Italy
| | - P. Sherwood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Shimizu
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - C. O. Shimmin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - M. Shimojima
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - M. Shiyakova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - A. Shmeleva
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. J. Shochet
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - D. Short
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Shrestha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - E. Shulga
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. A. Shupe
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | - P. Sicho
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Sidorov
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | | | - F. Siegert
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dj. Sijacki
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - O. Silbert
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - J. Silva
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Y. Silver
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - V. Simak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O. Simard
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - Lj. Simic
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - S. Simion
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - E. Simioni
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Simmons
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Simoniello
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Simonyan
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. Sinervo
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - N. B. Sinev
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - V. Sipica
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - G. Siragusa
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. Sircar
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA USA
| | - A. N. Sisakyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - S. Yu. Sivoklokov
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Sjölin
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. B. Sjursen
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L. A. Skinnari
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - H. P. Skottowe
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - K. Yu. Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P. Skubic
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - M. Slater
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T. Slavicek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K. Sliwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - V. Smakhtin
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - B. H. Smart
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L. Smestad
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Yu. Smirnov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. Smirnov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. N. Smirnova
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O. Smirnova
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - K. M. Smith
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M. Smizanska
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - K. Smolek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. A. Snesarev
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Snidero
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - S. Snyder
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - R. Sobie
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - F. Socher
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Soffer
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D. A. Soh
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - M. Solar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Solc
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - U. Soldevila
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - E. Solfaroli Camillocci
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. A. Solodkov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - O. V. Solovyanov
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - V. Solovyev
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P. Sommer
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N. Soni
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A. Sood
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - B. Sopko
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Sopko
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Sosebee
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - R. Soualah
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - P. Soueid
- Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - A. M. Soukharev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D. South
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S. Spagnolo
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - F. Spanò
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - W. R. Spearman
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - R. Spighi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - M. Spousta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T. Spreitzer
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - B. Spurlock
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - R. D. St. Denis
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. Stahlman
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - R. Stamen
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Stanecka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. W. Stanek
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Stapnes
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E. A. Starchenko
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - J. Stark
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Staroba
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - R. Staszewski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - P. Stavina
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - G. Steele
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - P. Steinberg
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - B. Stelzer
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | | | | | - H. Stenzel
- II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S. Stern
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - G. A. Stewart
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - M. C. Stockton
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - M. Stoebe
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - K. Stoerig
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - G. Stoicea
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Stonjek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - A. R. Stradling
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - A. Straessner
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Strandberg
- Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Strandberg
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Strandlie
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E. Strauss
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - M. Strauss
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - P. Strizenec
- Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - R. Ströhmer
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. M. Strom
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - R. Stroynowski
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - S. A. Stucci
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Stugu
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I. Stumer
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | | | - D. Su
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - J. Su
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - HS. Subramania
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | | | - A. Succurro
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y. Sugaya
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - C. Suhr
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL USA
| | - M. Suk
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. V. Sulin
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Sultansoy
- Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T. Sumida
- Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - X. Sun
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. E. Sundermann
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K. Suruliz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G. Susinno
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - M. R. Sutton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Y. Suzuki
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M. Svatos
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Swedish
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | - I. Sykora
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - T. Sykora
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Ta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | | | - J. Taenzer
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Taffard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | | | - N. Taiblum
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y. Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H. Takai
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | | | - H. Takeda
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T. Takeshita
- Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Y. Takubo
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M. Talby
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - A. A. Talyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - J. Y. C. Tam
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - K. G. Tan
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - J. Tanaka
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R. Tanaka
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S. Tanaka
- Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan
| | - S. Tanaka
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - K. Tani
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - N. Tannoury
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - S. Tapprogge
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Tarem
- Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - F. Tarrade
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | | | - P. Tas
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Tasevsky
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T. Tashiro
- Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - E. Tassi
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - A. Tavares Delgado
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Y. Tayalati
- Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco
| | - C. Taylor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - F. E. Taylor
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - G. N. Taylor
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - W. Taylor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | | | - P. Teixeira-Dias
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - K. K. Temming
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - P. K. Teng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S. Terada
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K. Terashi
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Terron
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Terzo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - M. Testa
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - R. J. Teuscher
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - J. Therhaag
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Theveneaux-Pelzer
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Thoma
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. P. Thomas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J. Thomas-Wilsker
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - E. N. Thompson
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - P. D. Thompson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P. D. Thompson
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - R. J. Thompson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. S. Thompson
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - L. A. Thomsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E. Thomson
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - M. Thomson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W. M. Thong
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - R. P. Thun
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - F. Tian
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - M. J. Tibbetts
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - V. O. Tikhomirov
- P.N. Lebedev Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu. A. Tikhonov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S. Timoshenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. Tiouchichine
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - P. Tipton
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - S. Tisserant
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - T. Todorov
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Todorova-Nova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B. Toggerson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - J. Tojo
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S. Tokár
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - K. Tokushuku
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K. Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - L. Tomlinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M. Tomoto
- Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - L. Tompkins
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - K. Toms
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - N. D. Topilin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - E. Torrence
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - H. Torres
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - E. Torró Pastor
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Toth
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - F. Touchard
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - D. R. Tovey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - H. L. Tran
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - T. Trefzger
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - S. Trincaz-Duvoid
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. F. Tripiana
- Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - N. Triplett
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - W. Trischuk
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - B. Trocmé
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - M. Trovatelli
- INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - P. True
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - M. Trzebinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - A. Trzupek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - J. C-L. Tseng
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - P. V. Tsiareshka
- B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - D. Tsionou
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G. Tsipolitis
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - N. Tsirintanis
- Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - S. Tsiskaridze
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. Tsiskaridze
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. G. Tskhadadze
- E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - I. I. Tsukerman
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - V. Tsulaia
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - S. Tsuno
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D. Tsybychev
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - A. Tua
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A. Tudorache
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - V. Tudorache
- National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. N. Tuna
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - S. A. Tupputi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Turchikhin
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D. Turecek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R. Turra
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P. M. Tuts
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - A. Tykhonov
- Department of Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M. Tylmad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Tyndel
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - K. Uchida
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - I. Ueda
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R. Ueno
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - M. Ughetto
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - M. Ugland
- Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M. Uhlenbrock
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Ukegawa
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - A. Undrus
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - G. Unel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - F. C. Ungaro
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y. Unno
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - C. Unverdorben
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - D. Urbaniec
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - P. Urquijo
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Usai
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - A. Usanova
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L. Vacavant
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - V. Vacek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B. Vachon
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - N. Valencic
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Valentinetti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Valero
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - L. Valery
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Valkar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Valladolid Gallego
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. A. Valls Ferrer
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - P. C. Van Der Deijl
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. van der Geer
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. van der Graaf
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Van Der Leeuw
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. van Gemmeren
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - J. Van Nieuwkoop
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - I. van Vulpen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Vanadia
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A. Vaniachine
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - F. Vannucci
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Université Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - R. Vari
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - E. W. Varnes
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - T. Varol
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - D. Varouchas
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - A. Vartapetian
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - K. E. Varvell
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - F. Vazeille
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université and Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - J. Veatch
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - F. Veloso
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T. Velz
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - A. Ventura
- INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Ventura
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - M. Venturi
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N. Venturi
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - A. Venturini
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | | | - M. Verducci
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - W. Verkerke
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. C. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Vest
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M. C. Vetterli
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - O. Viazlo
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - I. Vichou
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - T. Vickey
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O. E. Vickey Boeriu
- School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - S. Viel
- Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | - M. Villa
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Villaplana Perez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - E. Vilucchi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M. G. Vincter
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | | | - J. Virzi
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - O. Vitells
- Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I. Vivarelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - F. Vives Vaque
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - S. Vlachos
- Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece
| | - D. Vladoiu
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Vlasak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Vogel
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Vokac
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G. Volpi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M. Volpi
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - H. von der Schmitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - H. von Radziewski
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. von Toerne
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - V. Vorobel
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Vos
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC) and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica and Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), University of Valencia and CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - J. H. Vossebeld
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N. Vranjes
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Vranjes Milosavljevic
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. Vrba
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Vreeswijk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T. Vu Anh
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - I. Vukotic
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Z. Vykydal
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Wagner
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W. Wagner
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. Wahrmund
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - J. Walder
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - R. Walker
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W. Walkowiak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - R. Wall
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - P. Waller
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B. Walsh
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - C. Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C. Wang
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - F. Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - H. Wang
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - H. Wang
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - J. Wang
- DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J. Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K. Wang
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - R. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - S. M. Wang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T. Wang
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - A. Warburton
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - C. P. Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D. R. Wardrope
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Warsinsky
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Washbrook
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - I. Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - P. M. Watkins
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. T. Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I. J. Watson
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. F. Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G. Watts
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - S. Watts
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. T. Waugh
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - B. M. Waugh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Webb
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M. S. Weber
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. W. Weber
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J. S. Webster
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - P. Weigell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - J. Weingarten
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Weiser
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Weits
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - T. Wenaus
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - D. Wendland
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Z. Weng
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - N. Wermes
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Werner
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - M. Wessels
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Wetter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, MA USA
| | - K. Whalen
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - A. White
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - M. J. White
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R. White
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - S. White
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Whiteson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - D. Wicke
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F. J. Wickens
- Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - W. Wiedenmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - M. Wielers
- Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - P. Wienemann
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Wiglesworth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - P. A. Wijeratne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. Wildauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | | | | | - J. Z. Will
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H. H. Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - S. Williams
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Willocq
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - A. Wilson
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - J. A. Wilson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I. Wingerter-Seez
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Winkelmann
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F. Winklmeier
- Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - M. Wittgen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | - T. Wittig
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Wittkowski
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - M. W. Wolter
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - H. Wolters
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B. K. Wosiek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - M. J. Woudstra
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K. W. Wozniak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - M. Wright
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. L. Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - X. Wu
- Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y. Wu
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - E. Wulf
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - T. R. Wyatt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - B. M. Wynne
- SUPA-School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S. Xella
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Xiao
- DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L. Xu
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - B. Yabsley
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Yacoob
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. Yamada
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H. Yamaguchi
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Yamaguchi
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Yamamoto
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K. Yamamoto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - S. Yamamoto
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Yamamura
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Yamanaka
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y. Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Z. Yan
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - H. Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H. Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - U. K. Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Y. Yang
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - S. Yanush
- National Scientific and Educational Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - L. Yao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y. Yasu
- KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - K. H. Yau Wong
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Ye
- Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX USA
| | - S. Ye
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - A. L. Yen
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - M. Yilmaz
- Department of Physics, Gazi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R. Yoosoofmiya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - R. Yoshida
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - K. Yoshihara
- International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C. Young
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - S. Youssef
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - D. R. Yu
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - J. Yu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX USA
| | - J. M. Yu
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - J. Yu
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK USA
| | - L. Yuan
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - A. Yurkewicz
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL USA
| | - B. Zabinski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Zaidan
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - A. M. Zaitsev
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - A. Zaman
- Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - S. Zambito
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - L. Zanello
- INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - D. Zanzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany
| | - A. Zaytsev
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY USA
| | - C. Zeitnitz
- Fachbereich C Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M. Zeman
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Zemla
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - K. Zengel
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA USA
| | - O. Zenin
- State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
| | - T. Ženiš
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - D. Zerwas
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - G. Zevi della Porta
- Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - D. Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - F. Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - H. Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - J. Zhang
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA
| | - L. Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - X. Zhang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Z. Zhang
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - Z. Zhao
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - A. Zhemchugov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - J. Zhong
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - B. Zhou
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - L. Zhou
- Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, NY USA
| | - N. Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - C. G. Zhu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - H. Zhu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J. Zhu
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Y. Zhu
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui China
| | - X. Zhuang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A. Zibell
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - D. Zieminska
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - N. I. Zimine
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia
| | - C. Zimmermann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Zimmermann
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Zimmermann
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Zimmermann
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Z. Zinonos
- II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Ziolkowski
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - R. Zitoun
- LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Zobernig
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - A. Zoccoli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. zur Nedden
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Zurzolo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Zutshi
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL USA
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