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Howie EK, Lamm C, Shreve MD, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS. Beyond weight: associations between 24-hour movement behaviors, cardiometabolic and cognitive health in adolescents with and without obesity. Child and Adolescent Obesity 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2023.2189875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Connie Lamm
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Marilou D. Shreve
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Aaron R. Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Paulsen KM, McDermott BP, Myers AJ, Gray M, Lo WJ, Ganio MS. Reliability and Validity of the 30-15 Intermittent Field Test With and Without a Soccer Ball. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:1001-1010. [PMID: 36027592 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2098230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the 30-15 Intermittent Field Test (30-15IFT) with and without a ball. Methods: Twenty-four collegiate female soccer players (19.46 ± 1.22 years; 167.01 ± 7.23 cm; 60.95 ± 7.84 kg) performed 1 trial of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery (YYIR) test, 3 trials of the 30-15IFT, and 3 trials of the 30-15IFT with a ball (30-15IFT-B), separated by a minimum 48 hours. Maximal intermittent running velocity (VIFT), heart rate at exhaustion (HRpeak), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between trials demonstrated good reliability during the 30-15IFT in VIFT (ICC = 0.88) and HRpeak (ICC = 0.89), in addition to the 30-15IFT-B VIFT (ICC = 0.83) and HRpeak (ICC = 0.87). VIFT was significantly reduced in 30-15IFT-B (15.82 km h-1) compared to 30-15IFT (17.52 km h-1; p < .001), regardless of trial. HR and RPE were significantly greater in 30-15IFT compared to 30-15IFT-B (p < .05). Estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) YYIR and estimated VO2max of 30-15IFT and 30-15IFT-B was very strongly (r = 0.82) and strongly (r = 0.68) correlated. Conclusion: The 30-15IFT is considered valid and reliable and the 30-15IFT-B was reliable in female soccer players.
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Vingren JL, Boyett JC, Lee EC, Levitt DE, Luk HY, McDermott BP, Munoz CX, Ganio MS, Armstrong LE, Hill DW. A Single Dose of Ibuprofen Impacts IL-10 Response to 164-km Road Cycling in the Heat. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35344476 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1981539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose was to determine the effect of a single-dose prophylactic ibuprofen use before a 164-km road cycling event in high ambient temperature on the circulating cytokine and leukocyte responses. Methods: Twenty-three men (53 ± 8 y, 172.0 ± 22.0 cm, 85.1 ± 12.8 kg, 19.6 ± 4.4% body fat) completed a 164-km self-paced recreational road cycling event in a hot, humid, sunny environment (WBGT = 29.0 ± 2.9°C) after consuming 600 mg of ibuprofen (n = 13) or a placebo (n = 10). Blood samples were obtained one to two hours before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the event, and analyzed for concentrations of circulating cytokines interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and leukocytes (total leukocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes). Results: Event completion time was 400.2 ± 74.8 min. Concentrations of all cytokines (except IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-12, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ) and of all leukocyte subsets increased from PRE to POST. Ibuprofen ingestion attenuated the increase in IL-10 (86% increase with Ibuprofen; 270% increase with placebo). Conclusions: Consuming 600 mg of Ibuprofen prior to a 164-km road cycling event in a hot-humid environment attenuates exercise-induced increases in the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but does not alter the effect of the exercise event on concentrations of other circulating cytokines or leukocyte subset concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - H Y Luk
- University of North Texas
- Texas Tech University
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Fiol AP, McDERMOTT BP, Ridings CB, Moyen NE, Ganio MS, Kavouras SA. Effect of breathing cooled air during cycling on physiology and performance in the heat. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:1294-1300. [PMID: 34881552 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the physiological, perceptual, and exercise performance responses to breathing cooled air during and following exercise in the heat. METHODS Twelve trained male cyclists (26 ± 4y; 180.5 ± 5.6cm; 56.4 ± 7.5ml/kg/min VO2max) cycled at 60% VO2max for 75min, completed a 5 kilometer (5k) time trial, and recovered for 15min in hot conditions (31°C; 55%RH). Participants completed three separate trials in random order; breathing room air at a 1:4 (1min on:4min off) ratio without ice (control; CON), a 1:4min ratio with ice (low-dose inhalation; LO), and 1:1min ratio with ice (high-dose inhalation; HI). Intestinal temperature (TGI), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), thirst, thermal sensation, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and inspired air temperature were recorded every 15 minutes during cycling and five minutes during time trial and recovery. RESULTS TGI (p=.827), HR (p=.363), physiological strain index (PSI, p= .253), mean arterial pressure (MAP, p=.055) and thirst sensation (p=0.140) were not different between trials. Following the time trial, thermal sensation and RPE were significantly decreased in LO vs CON and HI vs CON (p≤.039). Following the cooldown, thermal sensation was significantly decreased in HI vs CON (p=.006). Five-k time trial differences were not significant between groups (p≥.098). CONCLUSIONS Breathing cooled air during cycling in the heat did not provide a significant thermoregulatory or statistically significant performance advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan P Fiol
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Brendon P McDERMOTT
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA -
| | - Chrisitan B Ridings
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicole E Moyen
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Stavros A Kavouras
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Caldwell AR, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Keeter C, Johnson EC, Péronnet F, Ganio MS. Effects of a 14-Day Hydration Intervention on Individuals with Habitually Low Fluid Intake. Ann Nutr Metab 2021; 76 Suppl 1:67-68. [PMID: 33780930 DOI: 10.1159/000515375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate continues over whether or not individuals with low total water intake (TWI) are in a chronic fluid deficit (i.e., low total body water) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. When women with habitually low TWI (1.6 ± 0.5 L/day) increased their fluid intake (3.5 ± 0.1 L/day) for 4 days 24-h urine osmolality decreased, but there was no change in body weight, a proxy for total body water (TBW) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. In a small (n = 5) study of adult men, there were no observable changes in TBW, as measured by bioelectrical impedance, after increasing TWI for 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. However, body weight increased and salivary osmolality decreased indicating that the study may have been underpowered to detect changes in TBW. Further, no studies to date have measured changes in blood volume (BV) when TWI is increased. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individuals with habitually low fluid intake and determine if increasing TWI, for 14 days, resulted in changes in TBW or BV. METHODS In order to identify individuals with low TWI, 889 healthy adults were screened. Participants with a self-reported TWI less than 1.8 L/day (men) or 1.2 L/day (women), and a 24-h urine osmolality greater than 800 mOsm were included in the intervention phase of the study. For the intervention phase, 15 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 8 participants were assigned to the control group. The intervention period lasted for 14 days and consisted of 2 visits to our laboratory: one before the intervention (baseline) and 14 days into the intervention (14-day follow-up). At these visits, BV was measured using a CO-rebreathe procedure and deuterium oxide (D2O) was administered to measure TBW. Urine samples were collected immediately prior, and 3-8 h after the D2O dose to allow for equilibration. Prior to each visit, participants collected 24-h urine to measure 24-h hydration status. After the baseline visit, the experimental group increased their TWI to 3.7 L for males and 2.7 L for females in order to meet the current Institute of Medicine recommendations for TWI. RESULTS Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality decreased (-438.7 ± 362.1 mOsm; p < 0.001) and urine volume increased (1,526 ± 869 mL; p < 0.001) in the experimental group from baseline, while there were no differences in osmolality (-74.7 ± 572 mOsm; p = 0.45), or urine volume (-32 ± 1,376 mL; p = 0.89) in the control group. However, there were no changes in BV (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>a) or changes in TBW (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>b) in either group. CONCLUSIONS Increasing fluid intake in individuals with habitually low TWI increases 24-h urine volume and decreases urine osmolality but does not result in changes in TBW or BV. These findings are in agreement with previous work indicating that TWI interventions lasting 3 days [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] to 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] do not result in changes in TBW. Current evidence would suggest that the benefits of increasing TWI are not related changes in TBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Caldwell
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Carson Keeter
- Hydration Physiology Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Evan C Johnson
- Hydration Physiology Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Ganio
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Mohler S, Elbin RJ, Ott S, Butts CL, McDermott B, Ganio MS, Covassin T. How long after maximal physical exertion should baseline computerized neurocognitive testing and symptom assessment be administered? Brain Inj 2021; 35:241-247. [PMID: 33459082 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1872098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Prior research suggests maximal physical exertion (MPE) may negatively affect the reliability and validity of computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT); the purpose of this study was to identify aclinically relevant recovery interval following MPE for the administration of baseline CNT.Design: Random-crossover.Participants: Thirty (M = 21.87 ± 2.29 y), moderately-active,healthy participants, without history of ADHD, learning disabilities, psychological disorders or concussion (within the last six months).Intervention: Participants completed four randomly ordered experimental trials. Except for the control trial, CNT was administered following MPE with assigned recovery intervals [Immediate, 10-minutes,or 20-minutes]. Aseries of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were performed on CNT composite and total symptom scores.Results: Total symptom scores were significantly greater (p < .01) at the immediate, 10-minute,and 20-minuterecovery intervals compared to the control trial. Processing speed was significantly faster at the 20-minuterecovery interval compared to the control trials. Visual memory, verbal memory, or reaction time did not differ across recovery intervals.Conclusions: Clinicians should wait more than 20 minutes before assessing baseline concussion symptoms following about of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mohler
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation/Office for Sport Concussion Research, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - R J Elbin
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation/Office for Sport Concussion Research, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Summer Ott
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cory L Butts
- Department of Health Promotion & Human Performance, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Brendon McDermott
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tracey Covassin
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Tucker MA, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS. Adequacy of Daily Fluid Intake Volume Can Be Identified From Urinary Frequency and Perceived Thirst in Healthy Adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:235-242. [PMID: 31347984 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1639566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Achieving and maintaining an optimal level of hydration has significant implications for both acute and chronic health, yet many hydration assessments are not feasible for the general public. Urinary frequency (UF) is a reliable method to self-assess hydration status in healthy individuals, and thirst can provide additional sensory information on adequacy of daily fluid intake volume (DFI). However, threshold values for these indices to detect optimal hydration have not been determined. In this study, we sought to determine threshold values for 24-hour UF and perceived thirst that could accurately distinguish between optimal and suboptimal hydration states.Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults (age 22 ± 3 years, body mass index 24.9 ± 4.1 kg/m2) collected urine over 24 hours on four separate occasions, where UF was recorded as well as thirst at each void using a numbered perceptual scale. Using urine osmolality as the criterion standard, all samples were either classified as representing an optimal (≤500 mOsm·kg-1) or suboptimal hydration status (>500 mOsm·kg-1).Results: A 24-hour UF ≤6 was able to detect suboptimal hydration with good accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.815) and a 24-hour average perceived thirst rating > 3 ("a little thirsty") could detect it with reasonable accuracy (AUC 0.725). In addition, a UF ≤4 had a considerably higher positive likelihood ratio to detect suboptimal hydration versus a UF ≤6 (9.03 versus 2.18, respectively).Conclusions: These analyses suggest that individuals with a 24-hour UF ≤6 or perceiving themselves to be, on average, "a little thirsty" throughout the day are likely to be suboptimally hydrated and thus underconsuming an adequate DFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aaron R Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Caldwell AR, Jansen LT, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Turner RC, Howie EK, Gallagher KM, Ganio MS. Independent and Combined Effects of Arterial Angulations and Shear Stress on Vascular Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000563478.44953.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Howie EK, Shreve MD, Lamm C, Ganio MS. 24-hour Movement Behaviors, Body Composition And Cognitive Performance In Adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561786.05213.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Veilleux JC, Caldwell AR, Johnson EC, Kavouras S, McDermott BP, Ganio MS. Examining the links between hydration knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:991-1000. [PMID: 30945033 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the psychological factors (knowledge, barriers and facilitators) that can contribute to hydration-related behaviors (i.e., fluid intake) in the general population and how these relate to physical health. METHODS A structured survey was developed to examine the links between hydration knowledge (29 items), attitudes about hydration (80 items), and fluid intake behavior (8 items) among US adults. Survey data from Phase 1 (n =301, US adults) psychometrically evaluated the items via item analysis (knowledge and fluid behavior) and factor analysis (attitudes). Phase 2 survey data (n =389, US adults and college students) refined and validated the new 16-item hydration knowledge measure, 4-item fluid intake behavior index, and 18-item attitude measure (barriers and facilitators of hydration-related behaviors) alongside indices of physical health (BMI and exercise behaviors). RESULTS Participants had a moderate level of hydration knowledge (Phase 1: 10.91 ± 3.10; Phase 2: 10.87 ± 2.47). A five-factor measure of attitudes which assessed both facilitators (social pressure and attention to monitoring) and barriers (lack of effort, physical barriers and lack of a fluid container) to hydration demonstrated strong internal consistency (αs from 0.75 to 0.90). Attitudes about hydration-most notably barriers to hydration-were associated with indicators of health and with fluid intake behaviors, whereas hydration knowledge was not. CONCLUSIONS Increasing hydration knowledge may be necessary for people who hold inaccurate information about hydration, but attitudes about hydration are likely to have a larger impact on fluid intake behaviors and health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Veilleux
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Aaron R Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Evan C Johnson
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, USA
| | - Stavros Kavouras
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Brendon P McDermott
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
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Gallagher KM, Payne M, Daniels B, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS. Walking breaks can reduce prolonged standing induced low back pain. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 66:31-37. [PMID: 30913414 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Standing is commonly recommended to reduce sedentary behavior in the workplace; however, constrained prolonged standing has also been linked to musculoskeletal symptoms, such as low back pain (LBP). Light physical activity breaks, such as walking, may change lumbar spine posture enough to reduce LBP during standing. This study assessed the effectiveness of inserting 5-minute walking breaks every 25 min for reducing prolonged standing-induced LBP development. Nineteen participants completed two bouts of standing lasting 2 h - one with a 5-minute walking break every 25 min and one with no breaks. Pain measures were completed throughout the trial to categorize participants as pain developers (PDs) or non-pain developers (non-PDs). Lumbar region kinematics angle and range of motion were measured continuously. In standing, 58% (11/19) of participants were PDs, compared to just 26% when walking breaks were inserted. Seventy-three percent (8/11) were categorized as non-PDs with walking breaks. Median lumbar flexion increased during walking compared to standing. Lumbar region range of motion in the coronal and transverse planes also increased during walking. The intermittent lumbar flexion may help decrease LBP during prolonged standing. These results demonstrate that walking breaks may help promote lumbar movement and reduce prolonged standing-induced LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Gallagher
- Exercise Science Research Center, College of Education and Health Professionals, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Marcus Payne
- Exercise Science Research Center, College of Education and Health Professionals, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Bryce Daniels
- Exercise Science Research Center, College of Education and Health Professionals, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Aaron R Caldwell
- Exercise Science Research Center, College of Education and Health Professionals, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Exercise Science Research Center, College of Education and Health Professionals, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Adams JD, Scott DM, Brand NA, Suh HG, Seal AD, McDermott BP, Ganio MS, Kavouras SA. Mild hypohydration impairs cycle ergometry performance in the heat: A blinded study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:686-695. [PMID: 30659665 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of mild hypohydration on exercise performance with subjects blinded to their hydration status. Eleven male cyclists (weight 75.8 ± 6.4 kg, VO2peak : 64.9 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min, body fat: 12.0 ± 5.8%, Powermax : 409 ± 40 W) performed three sets of criterium-like cycling, consisting of 20-minute steady-state cycling (50% peak power output), each followed by a 5-km time trial at 3% grade. Following a familiarization trial, subjects completed the experimental trials, in counter-balanced fashion, on two separate occasions in dry heat (30°C, 30% rh) either hypohydrated (HYP) or euhydrated (EUH). In both trials, subjects ingested 25 mL of water every 5 minutes during the steady-state and every 1 km of the 5-km time trials. In the EUH trial, sweat losses were fully replaced via intravenous infusion of isotonic saline, while in the HYP trial, a sham IV was instrumented. Following the exercise protocol, the subjects' bodyweight was changed by -0.1 ± 0.1% and -1.8 ± 0.2% for the EUH and HYP trial, respectively (P < 0.05). During the second and third time trials, subjects averaged higher power output (309 ± 5 and 306 ± 5 W) and faster cycling speed (27.5 ± 3.0 and 27.2 ± 3.1 km/h) in the EUH trial compared to the HYP trial (Power: 287 ± 4 and 276 ± 5 W, Speed: 26.2 ± 2.9 and 25.5 ± 3.3 km/h, all P < 0.05). Core temperature (Tre ) was higher in the HYP trial throughout the third steady-state and 5-km time trial (P < 0.05). These data suggest that mild hypohydration, even when subjects were unaware of their hydration state, impaired cycle ergometry performance in the heat probably due to greater thermoregulatory strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Adams
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Dylan M Scott
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Natasha A Brand
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Hyun-Gyu Suh
- Hydration Science Lab, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Adam D Seal
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.,Hydration Science Lab, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Brendon P McDermott
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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DeMartini-Nolan JK, Martschinske JL, Casa DJ, Lopez RM, Stearns RL, Ganio MS, Coris E. Examining the Influence of Exercise Intensity and Hydration on Gastrointestinal Temperature in Collegiate Football Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:2888-2896. [PMID: 29210954 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
DeMartini-Nolan, JK, Martschinske, JL, Casa, DJ, Lopez, RM, Stearns, RL, Ganio, MS, and Coris, E. Examining the influence of exercise intensity and hydration on gastrointestinal temperature in collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2888-2896, 2018-Debate exists regarding the influence of intensity and hydration on body temperature during American football. The purpose of this study was to observe body core temperature responses with changes in intensity and hydration. Twenty-nine male football players (age = 21 ± 1 year, height = 187 ± 9 cm, mass = 110.1 ± 23.5 kg, body mass index [BMI] = 31.3 ± 5.0, and body surface area [BSA] = 2.34 ± 0.27 m) participated in 8 days of practice in a warm environment (wet bulb globe temperature: 29.6 ± 1.6° C). Participants were identified as starters (S; n = 12) or nonstarters (n = 17) and linemen (L; n = 14) or nonlinemen (NL; n = 15). Variables of interest included core body temperature (T), hydration status, and physical performance characteristics as measured by a global positioning system. Intensity measures of average heart rate (138 ± 9 bpm), low-velocity movement (4.2 ± 1.7%), high-velocity movement (0.6 ± 0.6%), and average velocity (0.36 ± 0.10 m·s) accounted for 42% of the variability observed in T (38.32 ± 0.34° C, r = 0.65, p = 0.01). Hydration measures (percent body mass loss = -1.56 ± 0.80%, urine specific gravity [Usg] = 1.025 ± 0.006, and urine color [Ucol] = 6 ± 1) did not add to the prediction of T (p = 0.83). Metrics of exercise intensity accounted for 39% of the variability observed in maximum T (38.83 ± 0.42° C, r = 0.62, p = 0.02). Hydration measures did not add to this prediction (p = 0.40). Low-velocity movement, high-velocity movement, average velocity, BMI, and BSA were significantly different (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) between L vs. NL. Heart rate and T were not different between L and NL (p > 0.05). Exercise intensity primarily accounted for the rise in core body temperature. Although L spent less time at higher velocities, T was similar to NL, suggesting that differences in BMI and BSA added to thermoregulatory strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K DeMartini-Nolan
- Athletic Training Education Program, College of Health Professions, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut
| | - Jessica L Martschinske
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Douglas J Casa
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca M Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rebecca L Stearns
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Eric Coris
- Department of Orthopedics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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McDermott BP, Smith CR, Butts CL, Caldwell AR, Lee EC, Vingren JL, Munoz CX, Kunces LJ, Williamson K, Ganio MS, Armstrong LE. Renal stress and kidney injury biomarkers in response to endurance cycling in the heat with and without ibuprofen. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1180-1184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Veilleux JC, Zielinski MJ, Moyen NE, Tucker MA, Dougherty EK, Ganio MS. The effect of passive heat stress on distress andself-control in male smokers and non-smokers. J Gen Psychol 2018; 145:342-361. [PMID: 30358519 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1494127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we tested the effects of core body temperature increases (e.g. heat stress) on affect, self-reported physical discomfort, and subsequent self-control in male smokers and nonsmokers using a novel passive heat stress paradigm, within a distress tolerance framework. Twenty-eight men (14 smokers), completed both heat stress and control sessions in randomized order. Results revealed that increases in core body temperature were associated with increased anxiety, irritability, and body discomfort as well as decreased happiness, with stronger effects for smokers. Smokers and nonsmokers both evidenced less self-control during the heat session and did not differ on this measure, nor on a measure of interoceptive sensitivity. The current study indicates that heat stress is a viable method for studying distress tolerance in men, and suggests the value in examining dynamic changes in self-control as a function of distress. Implications will be discussed for distress tolerance in general and smokers in specific.
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Huang M, Brothers RM, Ganio MS, Lucas RAI, Cramer MN, Moralez G, Convertino VA, Crandall CG. Tolerance to a haemorrhagic challenge during heat stress is improved with inspiratory resistance breathing. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1243-1250. [PMID: 29947436 PMCID: PMC6119106 DOI: 10.1113/ep087102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does inspiratory resistance breathing improve tolerance to simulated haemorrhage in individuals with elevated internal temperatures? What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding of this study is that inspiratory resistance breathing modestly improves tolerance to a simulated progressive haemorrhagic challenge during heat stress. These findings demonstrate a scenario in which exploitation of the respiratory pump can ameliorate serious conditions related to systemic hypotension. ABSTRACT Heat exposure impairs human blood pressure control and markedly reduces tolerance to a simulated haemorrhagic challenge. Inspiratory resistance breathing enhances blood pressure control and improves tolerance during simulated haemorrhage in normothermic individuals. However, it is unknown whether similar improvements occur with this manoeuvre in heat stress conditions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inspiratory resistance breathing improves tolerance to simulated haemorrhage in individuals with elevated internal temperatures. On two separate days, eight subjects performed a simulated haemorrhage challenge [lower-body negative pressure (LBNP)] to presyncope after an increase in internal temperature of 1.3 ± 0.1°C. During one trial, subjects breathed through an inspiratory impedance device set at 0 cmH2 O of resistance (Sham), whereas on a subsequent day the device was set at -7 cmH2 O of resistance (ITD). Tolerance was quantified as the cumulative stress index. Subjects were more tolerant to the LBNP challenge during the ITD protocol, as indicated by a > 30% larger cumulative stress index (Sham, 520 ± 306 mmHg min; ITD, 682 ± 324 mmHg min; P < 0.01). These data indicate that inspiratory resistance breathing modestly improves tolerance to a simulated progressive haemorrhagic challenge during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Huang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Health Care Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas, Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rebekah A I Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew N Cramer
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gilbert Moralez
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Craig G Crandall
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Caldwell AR, Burchfield J, Moyen NE, Tucker MA, Butts CL, Elbin RJ, Ganio MS. Obesity, but not hypohydration, mediates changes in mental task load during passive heating in females. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5394. [PMID: 30128190 PMCID: PMC6098944 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The independent effects of hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition and mood is unclear since the two stresses often confound each other. Further, it is unknown if obese individuals have the same impairments during hyperthermia and hypohydration that is often observed in non-obese individuals. Methods The current study was designed to assess the independent and combined effects of mild hypohydration and hyperthermia on cognition, mood, and mental task load in obese and non-obese females. Twenty-one healthy females participated in two passive heating trials, wherein they were either euhydrated or hypohydrated prior to and throughout passive heating. Cognition (ImPACT), mental task load (NASA-TLX), and mood (Brunel Mood Scale; BRUMS) were measured before and after a 1.0 °C increase in core temperature (TC). Results After a 1.0 °C TC elevation, hypohydration resulted in greater (p < 0.05) body mass loss (-1.14 ± 0.48 vs -0.58 ± 0.48 kg; hypohydrated and euhydrated, respectively) and elevation in serum osmolality (292 ± 4 vs 282 ± 3 mOsm; p < 0.05) versus euhydration. Hypohydration, independent of hyperthermia, did not affect mental task load or mood (p > 0.05). Hyperthermia, regardless of hydration status, impaired (∼5 A.U) measures of memory-based cognition (verbal and visual memory), and increased mental task load, while worsening mood (p < 0.05). Interestingly, obese individuals had increased mental task load while hyperthermic compared to the non-obese individuals (p < 0.05) even while euhydrated. Hypohydration did not exacerbate any heat-related effects on cognition between obese and non-obese females (p > 0.05). Conclusion These data indicate that hyperthermia independently impairs memory-based aspects of cognitive performance, mental task load, and leads to a negative mood state. Mild hypohydration did not exacerbate the effects of hyperthermia. However, obese individuals had increased mental task load during hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Caldwell
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Jenna Burchfield
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Nicole E Moyen
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America.,Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cory L Butts
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - R J Elbin
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
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Mohler SA, Butts CL, Sebghati ZJ, Stephenson-Brown KL, McDermott BP, Ganio MS, Elbin R. Determining the Appropriate Timing of Administration of Computerized Neurocognitive Testing Following Maximal Exertion- Preliminary Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535833.16294.3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Butts CL, Caldwell AR, Mohler SA, Ganio MS, Greene NP, Kavouras SA, McDermott BP. Combined Effects of Hypohydration, Muscle Damage, and Exertional Hyperthermia on Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536475.58216.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Adams J, Scott D, Brand N, Suh HG, Seal AD, McDermott BP, Ganio MS, Kavouras SA. The Effect of Mild Hypohydration on Performance and Thermoregulation in Male Cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536222.19892.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Caldwell AR, Harris BT, Rosa-Caldwell ME, Payne M, Daniels B, Gallagher KM, Ganio MS. Prolonged Standing Increases Lower Peripheral Arterial Stiffness Independent Of Walking Breaks. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536898.09085.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Butts CL, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS, McDermott BP. Urine, Body Mass, and Thirst during Fluid Restriction and Subsequent Rehydration. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.622.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory L. Butts
- Health, Human Performance, & RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR
| | - Aaron R. Caldwell
- Health, Human Performance, & RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Health, Human Performance, & RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR
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Tucker MA, Butts CL, Satterfield AZ, Six A, Johnson EC, Ganio MS. Spot Sample Urine Specific Gravity Does Not Accurately Represent Small Decreases in Plasma Volume in Resting Healthy Males. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 37:17-23. [PMID: 28985131 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1323692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine specific gravity (USG) is often used to assess hydration status, particularly around athletic competition, but it is unknown whether high USG is indicative of plasma volume (PV) reduction (i.e., hypohydration). We tested the hypothesis that if high USG is reflective of reduced PV, subsequent fluid ingestion would increase PV. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine 24-hour changes in USG and PV in individuals presenting with high and low spot USG. METHODS Nineteen healthy males were provided food and water over 24 hours with a total water volume of 35 ml·kg-1 body mass. Absolute PV and blood volume (BV), measured using the CO-rebreathe technique, along with USG were measured before and after a 24-hour intervention period. Based on a preintervention morning spot USG, subjects were post hoc assigned to groups according to USG (≤1.020 or >1.020; low and high USG, respectively). RESULTS Despite presenting with an elevated spot USG (1.026 ± 0.004), subsequent fluid ingestion over 24 hours did not lead to changes (∆) in PV (-75 ± 234 ml) or BV (-156 ± 370 ml) in the high USG group (p > 0.05). However, a spot USG after the 24-hour intervention in this group decreased (p = 0.018) to a level indicating improved hydration status (1.017 ± 0.007). In the low USG group, there were no changes in PV (-39 ± 274 ml), BV (-82 ± 396 ml), or USG (0.003 ± 0.007) over the 24-hour fluid intervention (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite a high preintervention USG and subsequent decrease after 24-hour fluid intake, measures of PV and BV were not indicative of this seemingly improved hydration status. This suggests that a highly concentrated spot sample USG and subsequent changes are not accurately representative of PV or BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Tucker
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA.,b Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta , Georgia , USA
| | - Cory L Butts
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Alf Z Satterfield
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Ashley Six
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
| | - Evan C Johnson
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA.,c Division of Kinesiology and Health , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming , USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas , USA
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Butts CL, Spisla DL, Adams JD, Smith CR, Paulsen KM, Caldwell AR, Ganio MS, McDermott BP. Effectiveness of Ice-Sheet Cooling Following Exertional Hyperthermia. Mil Med 2017; 182:e1951-e1957. [DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-17-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cory L. Butts
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Debora L. Spisla
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - JD Adams
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Cody R. Smith
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Kathleen M. Paulsen
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Aaron R. Caldwell
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Brendon P. McDermott
- Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, HPER 321, 155 Stadium Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Butts CL, Caldwell AR, Perry RA, Heath KM, Adams J, Ganio MS, Jansen LT, Suh HG, Vandermark LW, Kyle Smoot M, McDermott BP. Hydration and Renal Responses During Pre-Season High School American Football. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518744.55002.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Caldwell AR, Robinson FB, Tucker MA, Arcement CH, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Ganio MS. Independent and Combined Effects of Heat Stress and Exercise on Arterial Stiffness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000516998.51451.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tucker MA, Six A, Moyen NE, Satterfield AZ, Ganio MS. Effect of hypohydration on postsynaptic cutaneous vasodilation and sweating in healthy men. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R637-R642. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00525.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypohydration decreases cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during heat stress, but it is unknown if these decrements are from postsynaptic (i.e., sweat gland/blood vessel) alterations. The purpose of this study was to determine if hypohydration affects postsynaptic cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses. Twelve healthy men participated in euhydrated (EU) and hypohydrated (HY) trials, with hypohydration induced via fluid restriction and passive heat stress. Changes in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; %max) in response to incremental intradermal infusion of the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator methacholine chloride (MCh) were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Local sweat rate (LSR) was simultaneously assessed at the MCh site via ventilated capsule. At the end of the last dose, maximal CVC was elicited by delivering a maximal dose of SNP (5 × 10−2 M) for 30 min to both sites with simultaneous local heating (~44°C) at the SNP site. The concentration of drug needed to elicit 50% of the maximal response (log EC50) was compared between hydration conditions. The percent body mass loss was greater with HY vs. EU (−2.2 ± 0.7 vs. −0.1 ± 0.7%, P < 0.001). Log EC50 of endothelium-dependent CVC was lower with EU (−3.62 ± 0.22) vs. HY (−2.93 ± 0.08; P = 0.044). Hypohydration did not significantly alter endothelium-independent CVC or LSR (both P > 0.05). In conclusion, hypohydration attenuated endothelium-dependent CVC but did not affect endothelium-independent CVC or LSR responses. These data suggest that reductions in skin blood flow accompanying hypohydration can be partially attributed to altered postsynaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Tucker
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Ashley Six
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Nicole E. Moyen
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
- Fitbit, San Francisco, California
| | - Alf Z. Satterfield
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
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Caldwell AR, Tucker MA, Burchfield J, Moyen NE, Satterfield AZ, Six A, McDermott BP, Mulvenon SW, Ganio MS. Hydration status influences the measurement of arterial stiffness. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:447-454. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R. Caldwell
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Matthew A. Tucker
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Jenna Burchfield
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Nicole E. Moyen
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Alf Z. Satterfield
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Ashley Six
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Brendon P. McDermott
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Sean W. Mulvenon
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory; College of Education and Health Professionals; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
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Butts CL, Smith CR, Ganio MS, McDermott BP. Physiological and perceptual effects of a cooling garment during simulated industrial work in the heat. Appl Ergon 2017; 59:442-448. [PMID: 27890156 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate physiological and perceptual responses using a phase change cooling (PCC) garment during simulated work in the heat. METHODS Twenty males wearing compression undergarments, coverall suit, gloves, and hard-hat, completed two randomly assigned trials (with PCC inserts or control, CON) of simulated industrial tasks in the heat (34.2 ± 0.05 °C, 54.7 ± 0.3%RH). Trials consisted of two 20 min work bouts, a maximum performance bout, and 10 min of recovery. RESULTS Physiological strain index (PSI) was lower during PCC after the second work bout and during recovery (all P < 0.05). PCC reduced heat storage (27.0 ± 7.6 W m-2) compared to CON (42.7 ± 9.9 W m-2, P < 0.001). Perceptual strain index (PeSI) was reduced with PCC compared to CON (P < 0.001), however performance outcomes were not different between trials (P = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS PCC during work in the heat attenuated thermal, physiological, and perceptual strain. This PCC garment could increase safety and reduce occupational heat illness risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Butts
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Dr HPER 321, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Cody R Smith
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Dr HPER 321, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Dr HPER 321, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Brendon P McDermott
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Dr HPER 321, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Caldwell AR, Tucker MA, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Vingren JL, Kunces LJ, Lee EC, Munoz CX, Williamson KH, Armstrong LE, Ganio MS. Effect of Caffeine on Perceived Soreness and Functionality Following an Endurance Cycling Event. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:638-643. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tucker MA, Caldwell AR, Butts CL, Robinson FB, Reynebeau HC, Kavouras SA, McDermott BP, Washington TA, Turner RC, Ganio MS. Effect of hypohydration on thermoregulatory responses in men with low and high body fat exercising in the heat. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:142-152. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether men with low body fat (LO-BF) have impaired thermoregulation during exercise heat stress compared with those with high body fat (HI-BF) when euhydration (EU) is maintained. Furthermore, in LO-BF individuals, hypohydration (HY) impairs thermoregulatory responses during exercise heat stress, but it is unknown whether this occurs in HI-BF counterparts. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that men with HI-BF have impaired thermoregulatory responses to exercise heat stress and that HY further exacerbates these impairments vs. LO-BF. Men with LO-BF [ n = 11, body mass (BM) 73.9 ± 8.5 kg, BF% 13.6 ± 3.8] and HI-BF ( n = 9, BM 89.6 ± 6.9 kg, BF% 30.2 ± 4.1), in a randomized crossover design, performed 60 min of upright cycling in a hot environment (40.3 ± 0.4°C, relative humidity 32.5 ± 1.9%) at a metabolic heat production rate of 6 W/kg BM and finished exercise either euhydrated (EU; 0.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.9% BM loss) or HY (−2.5 ± 1.1 vs. −1.7 ± 1.5% BM loss). Changes in rectal temperature (ΔTrec), local sweat rate (ΔLSR), and cutaneous vascular conductance (ΔCVC; %max) were measured throughout. When EU, LO-BF and HI-BF had similar CVC and LSR responses ( P > 0.05); however, LO-BF had a lower ΔTrec vs. HI-BF (0.92 ± 0.35 vs. 1.31 ± 0.32°C, P = 0.021). Compared with EU, HY increased end-exercise ΔTrec in LO-BF (0.47 ± 0.37°C, P < 0.01) but not in HI-BF (−0.06 ± 0.29°C, P > 0.05). HY, compared with EU, did not affect ΔLSR and ΔCVC in either group ( P > 0.05). We conclude that, when euhydrated, men with HI-BF have a greater increase in Trec vs. LO-BF but similar CVC and LSR. HY exacerbates increases in Trec in LO-BF but not HI-BF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first known investigation to compare thermoregulatory responses to exercise heat stress between men with high and low body fat (BF) in a physiologically uncompensable environment while simultaneously examining the confounding influence of hydration status. Both groups demonstrated similar sweating and cutaneous vasodilatory responses when euhydrated, despite vast differences in rectal temperature. Furthermore, in contrast to low BF, individuals with high BF demonstrated similar increases in core body temperature when either euhydrated or hypohydrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Tucker
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Aaron R. Caldwell
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Cory L. Butts
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Forrest B. Robinson
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Haley C. Reynebeau
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Stavros A. Kavouras
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Brendon P. McDermott
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Tyrone A. Washington
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
| | - Ronna C. Turner
- Department of Rehabilitation, Human Resources, and Communication Disorders, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Matthew S. Ganio
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and
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Luhring KE, Butts CL, Smith CR, Bonacci JA, Ylanan RC, Ganio MS, McDermott BP. Cooling Effectiveness of a Modified Cold-Water Immersion Method After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia. J Athl Train 2016; 51:946-951. [PMID: 27874299 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recommended treatment for exertional heat stroke includes whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI). However, remote locations or monetary or spatial restrictions can challenge the feasibility of CWI. Thus, the development of a modified, portable CWI method would allow for optimal treatment of exertional heat stroke in the presence of these challenges. OBJECTIVE To determine the cooling rate of modified CWI (tarp-assisted cooling with oscillation [TACO]) after exertional hyperthermia. DESIGN Randomized, crossover controlled trial. SETTING Environmental chamber (temperature = 33.4°C ± 0.8°C, relative humidity = 55.7% ± 1.9%). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Sixteen volunteers (9 men, 7 women; age = 26 ± 4.7 years, height = 1.76 ± 0.09 m, mass = 72.5 ± 9.0 kg, body fat = 20.7% ± 7.1%) with no history of compromised thermoregulation. INTERVENTION(S) Participants completed volitional exercise (cycling or treadmill) until they demonstrated a rectal temperature (Tre) ≥39.0°C. After exercise, participants transitioned to a semirecumbent position on a tarp until either Tre reached 38.1°C or 15 minutes had elapsed during the control (no immersion [CON]) or TACO (immersion in 151 L of 2.1°C ± 0.8°C water) treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The Tre, heart rate, and blood pressure (reported as mean arterial pressure) were assessed precooling and postcooling. Statistical analyses included repeated-measures analysis of variance with appropriate post hoc t tests and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Before cooling, the Tre was not different between conditions (CON: 39.27°C ± 0.26°C, TACO: 39.30°C ± 0.39°C; P = .62; effect size = -0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.2, 0.1). At postcooling, the Tre was decreased in the TACO (38.10°C ± 0.16°C) compared with the CON condition (38.74°C ± 0.38°C; P < .001; effect size = 2.27; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.9). The rate of cooling was greater during the TACO (0.14 ± 0.06°C/min) than the CON treatment (0.04°C/min ± 0.02°C/min; t15 = -8.84; P < .001; effect size = 2.21; 95% CI = -0.13, -0.08). These differences occurred despite an insignificant increase in fluid consumption during exercise preceding CON (0.26 ± 0.29 L) versus TACO (0.19 ± 0.26 L; t12 = 1.73; P = .11; effect size = 0.48; 95% CI = -0.02, 0.14) treatment. Decreases in heart rate did not differ between the TACO and CON conditions (t15 = -1.81; P = .09; effect size = 0.45; 95% CI = -22, 2). Mean arterial pressure was greater at postcooling with TACO (84.2 ± 6.6 mm Hg) than with CON (67.0 ± 9.0 mm Hg; P < .001; effect size = 2.25; 95% CI = 13, 21). CONCLUSIONS The TACO treatment provided faster cooling than did the CON treatment. When location, monetary, or spatial restrictions are present, TACO represents an effective alternative to traditional CWI in the emergency treatment of patients with exertional hyperthermia.
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Adams JD, Kavouras SA, Robillard JI, Bardis CN, Johnson EC, Ganio MS, McDermott BP, White MA. Fluid Balance of Adolescent Swimmers During Training. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:621-5. [PMID: 26907836 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Swimming, either competitively or leisurely, is a unique activity that involves prolonged exercise while immersed in stable water temperatures. This environment could have an influence on the hydration status of swimmers independently of fluid balance. Forty-six healthy adolescent swimmers (26 males and 20 females; 12.8 ± 2.3 years; 50.6 ± 13.4 kg) were studied during a typical training session in an indoor swimming pool. First morning, prepractice and postpractice urine samples were tested for osmolality and specific gravity, whereas all athletes consumed fluids ad libitum. Sixty-seven percent of the athletes were hypohydrated (urine osmolality [Uosm] ≥700 mmol·kg(-1)) based on their first morning urine sample, which increased to 78% immediately before training. During the 2-hour swimming practice, the minimal sweat loss (0.39 ± 0.27 L) combined with ad libitum fluid availability resulted in unchanged body weight (0.1 ± 0.3 kg). Additionally, thirst was similar (before practice: 46 ± 26, after practice: 55 ± 33 mm on a 100-mm visual analog scale) at pretraining and posttraining time points (p > 0.05). Interestingly, postpractice Uosm was reduced significantly compared with the prepractice value (630 vs. 828 mmol·kg(-1); p = 0.001), without any significant change in body weight (0.1 ± 0.3 kg; p > 0.05). In conclusion, the present data indicated that more than two-thirds of the young swimmers appeared in their practice suboptimally hydrated. Although no changes in body mass were observed during the swimming practice, the decrease in urine hydration markers after swimming might less accurately reflect hydration state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Adams
- 1Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas; and2Sun Prairie Storm Swim Club, Racine, Wisconsin
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Luk HY, Levitt DE, Lee EC, Ganio MS, McDermott BP, Kupchak BR, McFarlin BK, Hill DW, Armstrong LE, Vingren JL. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses to a 164-km road cycle ride in a hot environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2007-15. [PMID: 27522585 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the circulating cytokine response to a recreational 164-km road cycling event in a high ambient temperature and to determine if this response was affected by self-paced exercise time to completion. METHODS Thirty-five men and five women were divided into tertiles based on time to complete the cycling event: slowest (SLOW), moderate (MOD), and fastest (FAST) finishers. Plasma samples were obtained 1-2 h before (PRE) and immediately after (IP) the event. A high-sensitivity multiplex assay kit was used to determine the concentration of plasma anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). RESULTS The concentration of plasma IL-10 increased significantly (p < 0.05) in FAST and MOD groups and had no change in the SLOW group in response to a 164-km cycling event in the hot environment. Other cytokine responses were not influenced by the Time to completion. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, GM-CSF, and TNF-α decreased; whereas, IL-6 and IL-8 increased from PRE to IP. Additionally, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 decreased. CONCLUSIONS Completion of a 164-km cycling event induced substantial changes in circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. Time to completion appears to have a greater influence on the systemic IL-10 response than the environmental condition; however, it is possible that a threshold for absolute intensity must be reached for environmental conditions to affect the IL-10 response to exercise. Thus, cyclists from the FAST/MOD groups appear more likely to experience an acute transient immune suppression than cyclists from the SLOW group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Luk
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310769, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Danielle E Levitt
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310769, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Brendon P McDermott
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Brian R Kupchak
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310769, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - David W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310769, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Lawrence E Armstrong
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #310769, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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Johnson EC, Pryor RR, Casa DJ, Ellis LA, Maresh CM, Pescatello LS, Ganio MS, Lee EC, Armstrong LE. Precision, Accuracy, and Performance Outcomes of Perceived Exertion vs. Heart Rate Guided Run-training. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 31:630-637. [PMID: 27442332 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Johnson, EC, Pryor, RR, Casa, DJ, Ellis, LA, Maresh, CM, Pescatello, LS, Ganio, MS, Lee, EC, and Armstrong, LE. Precision, accuracy, and performance outcomes of perceived exertion vs. heart rate guided run-training. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 630-637, 2017-The purpose of this investigation was to compare run-prescription by heart rate (HR) vs. rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during 6 weeks to determine which is superior for consistent achievement of target intensities and improved performance. Forty untrained men participated in this laboratory-controlled and field-controlled trial. Participants were divided into heart rate (HRTG) and rating of perceived exertion training groups (RPETG). All underwent maximal-graded exercise testing and a 12-minute run test before and after training. Intensity was prescribed as either a target HR or RPE that corresponded to 4 relative intensity levels: 45, 60, 75, and 90% V[Combining Dot Above]O2 reserve (V[Combining Dot Above]O2R). Mean exercise intensity over the 6 weeks did not differ between HRTG (65.6 ± 7.2%HRR) and RPETG (61.9 ± 9.0%HRR). V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (+4.1 ± 2.5 ml·kg·min) and 12 minutes run distance (+240.1 ± 150.1 m) improved similarly in HRTG and RPETG (p > 0.05). HRTG displayed lower coefficients of variation (CV) (5.9 ± 4.1%, 3.3 ± 3.8%, and 3.0 ± 2.2%) and %error (4.1 ± 4.7%, 2.3 ± 4.1% and 2.6 ± 3.2%) at 45, 60, and 75% V[Combining Dot Above]O2R compared with RPETG (CV 11.1 ± 5.0%, 7.7 ± 4.1% and 5.6 ± 3.2%; all p < 0.005) %error (15.7 ± 9.2%, 10.6 ± 9.2% and 6.7 ± 3.2%; all p < 0.001), respectively. Overall, HR-prescribed and RPE-prescribed run-training resulted in similar exercise intensity and performance outcomes over 6 weeks. Differences in the CV and %error suggest use of HR monitoring for individuals that are new to running as it improves precision and accuracy but does not increase performance improvements across 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Johnson
- 1Human Integrated Physiology Laboratory, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; 2Human Performance Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; 3Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California; 4School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Onkanagan, British Columbia; 5Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and 6Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Ganio MS, Schlader ZJ, Pearson J, Lucas RAI, Gagnon D, Rivas E, Kowalske KJ, Crandall CG. Nongrafted Skin Area Best Predicts Exercise Core Temperature Responses in Burned Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:2224-32. [PMID: 26378947 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Grafted skin impairs heat dissipation, but it is unknown to what extent this affects body temperature during exercise in the heat. PURPOSE We examined core body temperature responses during exercise in the heat in a group of individuals with a large range of grafts covering their body surface area (BSA; 0%-75%). METHODS Forty-three individuals (19 females) were stratified into groups based on BSA grafted: control (0% grafted, n = 9), 17%-40% (n = 19), and >40% (n = 15). Subjects exercised at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (339 ± 70 W; 4.3 ± 0.8 W·kg) in an environmental chamber set at 40°C, 30% relative humidity for 90 min or until exhaustion (n = 8). Whole-body sweat rate and core temperatures were measured. RESULTS Whole-body sweat rates were similar between the groups (control: 14.7 ± 3.4 mL·min, 17%-40%: 12.6 ± 4.0 mL·min; and >40%: 11.7 ± 4.4 mL·min; P > 0.05), but the increase in core temperature at the end of exercise in the >40% BSA grafted group (1.6°C ± 0.5°C) was greater than the 17%-40% (1.2°C ± 0.3°C) and control (0.9°C ± 0.2°C) groups (P < 0.05). Absolute BSA of nongrafted skin (expressed in square meters) was the strongest independent predictor of the core temperature increase (r = 0.41). When regrouping all subjects, individuals with the lowest BSA of nongrafted skin (<1.0 m) had greater increases in core temperature (1.6°C ± 0.5°C) than those with more than 1.5 m nongrafted skin (1.0°C ± 0.3°C; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data imply that individuals with grafted skin have greater increases in core temperature when exercising in the heat and that the magnitude of this increase is best explained by the amount of nongrafted skin available for heat dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Ganio
- 1Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, TX; and Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; 2Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR; 3Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; 4Department of Biology, University of Colorado - Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO; 5Center for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, SWEDEN; 6Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX; 7Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Smith CR, Butts CL, Caldwell AC, Lee EC, Munoz CX, Tucker MA, Vingren JL, Williamson KH, Armstrong LA, Ganio MS, McDermott BP. Renal Responses to Endurance Cycling in the Heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486849.09640.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Butts CL, Smith CR, Ganio MS, McDermott BP. Physiological and Perceptual Effects of a Cooling Garment During Simulated Industrial Work in the Heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486694.88036.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Caldwell A, Tucker MA, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Vingren JL, Kunces L, Lee EC, Munoz CX, Williamson K, Armstrong LE, Ganio MS. Effect of Caffeine on Recovery from an Endurance Cycling Event. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485200.12646.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tucker MA, Butts CL, Moyen NE, Johnson EC, Adams JD, Satterfield AZ, Six A, Ganio MS. Effect of Fluid Intake on Changing Blood Volume in Healthy Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487237.11983.af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moyen NE, Burchfield JM, Butts CL, Glenn JM, Tucker MA, Treece K, Smith AJ, McDermott BP, Ganio MS. Effects of obesity and mild hypohydration on local sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during passive heat stress in females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:879-87. [PMID: 27455036 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity and mild hypohydration on local sweating (LSR) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) responses during passive heat stress in females. Thirteen obese (age, 24 ± 4 years; 45.4% ± 5.2% body fat) and 12 nonobese (age, 22 ± 2 years; 25.1% ± 3.9% body fat) females were passively heated (1.0 °C rectal temperature increase) while either euhydrated (EUHY) or mildly hypohydrated (HYPO; via fluid restriction). Chest and forearm LSR (ventilated capsule) and CVC (Laser Doppler flowmetry) onset, sensitivity, and plateau/steady state were recorded as mean body temperature increased (ΔTb). Participants began trials EUHY (urine specific gravity, Usg = 1.009 ± 0.006) or HYPO (Usg = 1.025 ± 0.004; p < 0.05), and remained EUHY or HYPO. Independent of obesity, HYPO decreased sweat sensitivity at the chest (HYPO = 0.79 ± 0.35, EUHY = 0.95 ± 0.39 Δmg·min(-1)·cm(-2)/°C ΔTb) and forearm (HYPO = 0.82 ± 0.39, EUHY = 1.06 ± 0.34 Δmg·min(-1)·cm(-2)/°C ΔTb); forearm LSR plateau was also decreased (HYPO = 0.66 ± 0.19, EUHY = 0.78 ± 0.23 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2); all p < 0.05). Overall, obese females had lower chest-sweat sensitivity (0.72 ± 0.35 vs. 1.01 ± 0.33 Δmg·min(-1)·cm(-2)/°C ΔTb) and plateau (0.55 ± 0.27 vs. 0.80 ± 0.25 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2); p < 0.05). While hypohydrated, obese females had a lower chest LSR (p < 0.05) versus nonobese females midway (0.45 ± 0.26 vs. 0.73 ± 0.23 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2)) and at the end (0.53 ± 0.27 vs. 0.81 ± 0.24 mg·min(-1)·cm(-2)) of heating. Furthermore, HYPO (relative to the EUHY trials) led to a greater decrease in CVC sensitivity in obese (-28 ± 27 Δ% maximal CVC/°C ΔTb) versus nonobese females (+9.2 ± 33 Δ% maximal CVC/°C ΔTb; p < 0.05). In conclusion, mild hypohydration impairs females' sweating responses during passive heat stress, and this effect is exacerbated when obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Moyen
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jenna M Burchfield
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Cory L Butts
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Keeley Treece
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Amber J Smith
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Brendon P McDermott
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Matthew S Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Human Performance Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Moyen NE, Ganio MS, Burchfield JM, Tucker MA, Gonzalez MA, Dougherty EK, Robinson FB, Ridings CB, Veilleux JC. Effect of passive heat stress on arterial stiffness in smokers versus non-smokers. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:499-506. [PMID: 26266482 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In non-smokers, passive heat stress increases shear stress and vasodilation, decreasing arterial stiffness. Smokers, who reportedly have arterial dysfunction, may have similar improvements in arterial stiffness with passive heat stress. Therefore, we examined the effects of an acute bout of whole-body passive heat stress on arterial stiffness in smokers vs. non-smokers. Thirteen smokers (8.8 ± 5.5 [median = 6] cigarettes per day for > 4 years) and 13 non-smokers matched for age, mass, height, and exercise habits (27 ± 8 years; 78.8 ± 15.4 kg; 177.6 ± 6.7 cm) were passively heated to 1.5 °C core temperature (T C) increase. At baseline and each 0.5 °C T C increase, peripheral (pPWV) and central pulse wave velocity (cPWV) were measured via Doppler ultrasound. No differences existed between smokers and non-smokers for any variables (all p > .05), except cPWV slightly increased from baseline (526.7 ± 81.7 cm · s(-1)) to 1.5 °C ΔT C (579.7 ± 69.8 cm · s(-1); p < 0.005), suggesting heat stress acutely increased central arterial stiffness. pPWV did not change with heating (grand mean: baseline = 691.9 ± 92.9 cm · s(-1); 1.5 °C ΔT C = 691.9 ± 79.5 cm · s(-1); p > 0.05). Changes in cPWV and pPWV during heating correlated (p < 0.05) with baseline PWV in smokers (cPWV: r = -0.59; pPWV: r = -0.62) and non-smokers (cPWV: r = -0.45; pPWV: r = -0.77). Independent of smoking status, baseline stiffness appears to mediate the magnitude of heating-induced changes in arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Moyen
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M S Ganio
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - J M Burchfield
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M A Tucker
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M A Gonzalez
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - E K Dougherty
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - F B Robinson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - C B Ridings
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - J C Veilleux
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Butts CL, McDermott BP, Buening BJ, Bonacci JA, Ganio MS, Adams JD, Tucker MA, Kavouras SA. Physiologic and Perceptual Responses to Cold-Shower Cooling After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia. J Athl Train 2016; 51:252-7. [PMID: 26942657 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise conducted in hot, humid environments increases the risk for exertional heat stroke (EHS). The current recommended treatment of EHS is cold-water immersion; however, limitations may require the use of alternative resources such as a cold shower (CS) or dousing with a hose to cool EHS patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate the cooling effectiveness of a CS after exercise-induced hyperthermia. DESIGN Randomized, crossover controlled study. SETTING Environmental chamber (temperature = 33.4°C ± 2.1°C; relative humidity = 27.1% ± 1.4%). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Seventeen participants (10 male, 7 female; height = 1.75 ± 0.07 m, body mass = 70.4 ± 8.7 kg, body surface area = 1.85 ± 0.13 m(2), age range = 19-35 years) volunteered. INTERVENTION(S) On 2 occasions, participants completed matched-intensity volitional exercise on an ergometer or treadmill to elevate rectal temperature to ≥39°C or until participant fatigue prevented continuation (reaching at least 38.5°C). They were then either treated with a CS (20.8°C ± 0.80°C) or seated in the chamber (control [CON] condition) for 15 minutes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rectal temperature, calculated cooling rate, heart rate, and perceptual measures (thermal sensation and perceived muscle pain). RESULTS The rectal temperature (P = .98), heart rate (P = .85), thermal sensation (P = .69), and muscle pain (P = .31) were not different during exercise for the CS and CON trials (P > .05). Overall, the cooling rate was faster during CS (0.07°C/min ± 0.03°C/min) than during CON (0.04°C/min ± 0.03°C/min; t16 = 2.77, P = .01). Heart-rate changes were greater during CS (45 ± 20 beats per minute) compared with CON (27 ± 10 beats per minute; t16 = 3.32, P = .004). Thermal sensation was reduced to a greater extent with CS than with CON (F3,45 = 41.12, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Although the CS facilitated cooling rates faster than no treatment, clinicians should continue to advocate for accepted cooling modalities and use CS only if no other validated means of cooling are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J D Adams
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
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Moyen NE, Anderson HA, Burchfield JM, Tucker MA, Gonzalez MA, Robinson FB, Ganio MS. Cutaneous vascular & sudomotor responses to heat-stress in smokers & non-smokers. Extrem Physiol Med 2015. [PMCID: PMC4580942 DOI: 10.1186/2046-7648-4-s1-a98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tucker MA, Adams JD, Brown LA, Ridings CB, Burchfield JM, Robinson FB, McDermott JL, Schreiber BA, Moyen NE, Washington TA, Bermudez AC, Bennett MP, Buyckx ME, Ganio MS. No Change in 24-Hour Hydration Status Following a Moderate Increase in Fluid Consumption. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:308-16. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1046196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Moyen NE, Burchfield JM, Butts CL, Glenn JM, Tucker MA, Treece K, McDermott BP, Ganio MS. Effects Of Mild Dehydration And Passive Heat-stress On Sudomotor Function In Obese And Non-obese Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477805.95578.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Capitan C, Huggins RA, Adams J, Tucker MA, McDermott BP, Ganio MS, Casa D, Kavouras SA. Validity of Urine Strips on Assessing Hypohydration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477815.48944.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tucker MA, Moyen NE, Burchfield JM, Treece K, Butts CL, McDermott BP, Kavouras SA, Ganio MS. Effect of Passive Heat Stress and Hypohydration on Arterial Compliance in Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476841.79390.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Smith CR, Butts CL, Ganio MS, Tucker MA, Moyen NE, Adams J, Bonacci JA, McDermott BP. Effect Of A Cooling Vest On Perceptual, Physiological, And Performance Measures Following Exercise In The Heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477693.47639.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Burchfield JM, Elbin RJ, McDermott BP, Moyen NE, Butts CL, Treece K, Tucker MA, Ganio MS. Effects of Mild Dehydration and Hyperthermia on Cognition and Mental Task Load in Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476772.01437.5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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