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Morstein J, Kol M, Novak AJE, Feng S, Khayyo S, Hinnah K, Li-Purcell N, Pan G, Williams BM, Riezman H, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Holthuis JCM, Trauner D. Short Photoswitchable Ceramides Enable Optical Control of Apoptosis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:452-456. [PMID: 33586946 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report short ceramide analogs that can be activated with light and further functionalized using azide-alkyne click chemistry. These molecules, termed scaCers, exhibit increased cell permeability compared to their long-chain analogs as demonstrated using mass spectrometry and imaging. Notably, scaCers enable optical control of apoptosis, which is not observed with long-chain variants. Additionally, they function as photoswitchable substrates for sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2), exhibiting inverted light-dependence compared to their extended analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Matthijs Kol
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Alexander J. E. Novak
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Suihan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shadi Khayyo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Konstantin Hinnah
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Nasi Li-Purcell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Grace Pan
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, New York, United States
| | | | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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2
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Pekkinen M, Terhal PA, Botto LD, Henning P, Mäkitie RE, Roschger P, Jain A, Kol M, Kjellberg MA, Paschalis EP, van Gassen K, Murray M, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Magnusson MK, Jans J, Kausar M, Carey JC, Somerharju P, Lerner UH, Olkkonen VM, Klaushofer K, Holthuis JC, Mäkitie O. Osteoporosis and skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in SGMS2. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126180. [PMID: 30779713 PMCID: PMC6483641 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms leading to osteoporosis are incompletely understood. Genetic disorders with skeletal fragility provide insight into metabolic pathways contributing to bone strength. We evaluated 6 families with rare skeletal phenotypes and osteoporosis by next-generation sequencing. In all the families, we identified a heterozygous variant in SGMS2, a gene prominently expressed in cortical bone and encoding the plasma membrane–resident sphingomyelin synthase SMS2. Four unrelated families shared the same nonsense variant, c.148C>T (p.Arg50*), whereas the other families had a missense variant, c.185T>G (p.Ile62Ser) or c.191T>G (p.Met64Arg). Subjects with p.Arg50* presented with childhood-onset osteoporosis with or without cranial sclerosis. Patients with p.Ile62Ser or p.Met64Arg had a more severe presentation, with neonatal fractures, severe short stature, and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. Several subjects had experienced peripheral facial nerve palsy or other neurological manifestations. Bone biopsies showed markedly altered bone material characteristics, including defective bone mineralization. Osteoclast formation and function in vitro was normal. While the p.Arg50* mutation yielded a catalytically inactive enzyme, p.Ile62Ser and p.Met64Arg each enhanced the rate of de novo sphingomyelin production by blocking export of a functional enzyme from the endoplasmic reticulum. SGMS2 pathogenic variants underlie a spectrum of skeletal conditions, ranging from isolated osteoporosis to complex skeletal dysplasia, suggesting a critical role for plasma membrane–bound sphingomyelin metabolism in skeletal homeostasis. The identification of 6 families with childhood-onset osteoporosis with mutations in SGMS2 suggests a critical role for plasma membrane–bound sphingomyelin metabolism in skeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Pekkinen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paulien A Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Petra Henning
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Riikka E Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amrita Jain
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kol
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Matti A Kjellberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eleftherios P Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Koen van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mary Murray
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maria K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Judith Jans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mehran Kausar
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - John C Carey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,Finland
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joost Cm Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Biochemistry and Biophysics Division, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Kol M, Williams B, Toombs-Ruane H, Franquelim HG, Korneev S, Schroeer C, Schwille P, Trauner D, Holthuis JC, Frank JA. Optical manipulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis using photoswitchable ceramides. eLife 2019; 8:43230. [PMID: 30720434 PMCID: PMC6386522 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are central intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism that also function as potent messengers in stress signaling and apoptosis. Progress in understanding how ceramides execute their biological roles is hampered by a lack of methods to manipulate their cellular levels and metabolic fate with appropriate spatiotemporal precision. Here, we report on clickable, azobenzene-containing ceramides, caCers, as photoswitchable metabolic substrates to exert optical control over sphingolipid production in cells. Combining atomic force microscopy on model bilayers with metabolic tracing studies in cells, we demonstrate that light-induced alterations in the lateral packing of caCers lead to marked differences in their metabolic conversion by sphingomyelin synthase and glucosylceramide synthase. These changes in metabolic rates are instant and reversible over several cycles of photoswitching. Our findings disclose new opportunities to probe the causal roles of ceramides and their metabolic derivatives in a wide array of sphingolipid-dependent cellular processes with the spatiotemporal precision of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Kol
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ben Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Toombs-Ruane
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergei Korneev
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Schroeer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Joost Cm Holthuis
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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4
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Kol M, Panatala R, Nordmann M, Swart L, van Suijlekom L, Cabukusta B, Hilderink A, Grabietz T, Mina JGM, Somerharju P, Korneev S, Tafesse FG, Holthuis JCM. Switching head group selectivity in mammalian sphingolipid biosynthesis by active-site-engineering of sphingomyelin synthases. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:962-973. [PMID: 28336574 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SM is a fundamental component of mammalian cell membranes that contributes to mechanical stability, signaling, and sorting. Its production involves the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide, a reaction catalyzed by SM synthase (SMS)1 in the Golgi and SMS2 at the plasma membrane. Mammalian cells also synthesize trace amounts of the SM analog, ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), but the physiological relevance of CPE production is unclear. Previous work revealed that SMS2 is a bifunctional enzyme producing both SM and CPE, whereas a closely related enzyme, SMS-related protein (SMSr)/SAMD8, acts as a monofunctional CPE synthase in the endoplasmic reticulum. Using domain swapping and site-directed mutagenesis on enzymes expressed in defined lipid environments, we here identified structural determinants that mediate the head group selectivity of SMS family members. Notably, a single residue adjacent to the catalytic histidine in the third exoplasmic loop profoundly influenced enzyme specificity, with Glu permitting SMS-catalyzed CPE production and Asp confining the enzyme to produce SM. An exchange of exoplasmic residues with SMSr proved sufficient to convert SMS1 into a bulk CPE synthase. This allowed us to establish mammalian cells that produce CPE rather than SM as the principal phosphosphingolipid and provide a model of the molecular interactions that impart catalytic specificity among SMS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Kol
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany .,Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Radhakrishnan Panatala
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.,Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjana Nordmann
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Leoni Swart
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie van Suijlekom
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birol Cabukusta
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Angelika Hilderink
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tanja Grabietz
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - John G M Mina
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sergei Korneev
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany .,Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Cabukusta B, Kol M, Kneller L, Hilderink A, Bickert A, Mina JGM, Korneev S, Holthuis JCM. ER residency of the ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase SMSr relies on homotypic oligomerization mediated by its SAM domain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41290. [PMID: 28120887 PMCID: PMC5264588 DOI: 10.1038/srep41290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SMSr/SAMD8 is an ER-resident ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase with a critical role in controlling ER ceramides and suppressing ceramide-induced apoptosis in cultured cells. SMSr-mediated ceramide homeostasis relies on the enzyme's catalytic activity as well as on its N-terminal sterile α-motif or SAM domain. Here we report that SMSr-SAM is structurally and functionally related to the SAM domain of diacylglycerol kinase DGKδ, a central regulator of lipid signaling at the plasma membrane. Native gel electrophoresis indicates that both SAM domains form homotypic oligomers. Chemical crosslinking studies show that SMSr self-associates into ER-resident trimers and hexamers that resemble the helical oligomers formed by DGKδ-SAM. Residues critical for DGKδ-SAM oligomerization are conserved in SMSr-SAM and their substitution causes a dissociation of SMSr oligomers as well as a partial redistribution of the enzyme to the Golgi. Conversely, treatment of cells with curcumin, a drug disrupting ceramide and Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER, stabilizes SMSr oligomers and promotes retention of the enzyme in the ER. Our data provide first demonstration of a multi-pass membrane protein that undergoes homotypic oligomerization via its SAM domain and indicate that SAM-mediated self-assembly of SMSr is required for efficient retention of the enzyme in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birol Cabukusta
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kol
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Laura Kneller
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Angelika Hilderink
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Andreas Bickert
- Molecular Genetics, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - John G. M. Mina
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sergei Korneev
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Joost C. M. Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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6
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Kol M, Panatala R, Nordmann M, Swart L, van Suijlekom L, Cabukusta B, Hilderink A, Grabietz T, Mina JGM, Somerharju P, Korneev S, Tafesse FG, Holthuis JCM. Switching head group selectivity in mammalian sphingolipid biosynthesis by active-site engineering of sphingomyelin synthases. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1273-85. [PMID: 27165857 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m068692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SM is a fundamental component of mammalian cell membranes that contributes to mechanical stability, signaling, and sorting. Its production involves the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide, a reaction catalyzed by SM synthase (SMS) 1 in the Golgi and SMS2 at the plasma membrane. Mammalian cells also synthesize trace amounts of the SM analog ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), but the physiological relevance of CPE production is unclear. Previous work revealed that SMS2 is a bifunctional enzyme producing both SM and CPE, whereas a closely related enzyme, sphingomyelin synthase-related protein (SMSr)/SAMD8, acts as a monofunctional CPE synthase in the endoplasmatic reticulum. Using domain swapping and site-directed mutagenesis on enzymes expressed in defined lipid environments, we here identified structural determinants that mediate head group selectivity of SMS family members. Notably, a single residue adjacent to the catalytic histidine in the third exoplasmic loop profoundly influenced enzyme specificity, with glutamic acid permitting SMS-catalyzed CPE production and aspartic acid confining the enzyme to produce SM. An exchange of exoplasmic residues with SMSr proved sufficient to convert SMS1 into a bulk CPE synthase. This allowed us to establish mammalian cells that produce CPE rather than SM as the principal phosphosphingolipid and provide a model of the molecular interactions that impart catalytic specificity among SMS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Kol
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Radhakrishnan Panatala
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjana Nordmann
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Leoni Swart
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie van Suijlekom
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birol Cabukusta
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Angelika Hilderink
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tanja Grabietz
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - John G M Mina
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sergei Korneev
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Bickert A, Ginkel C, Kol M, vom Dorp K, Jastrow H, Degen J, Jacobs RL, Vance DE, Winterhager E, Jiang XC, Dörmann P, Somerharju P, Holthuis JCM, Willecke K. Functional characterization of enzymes catalyzing ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthesis in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:821-35. [PMID: 25667419 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides bulk amounts of SM, mammalian cells produce small quantities of the SM analog ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE). Little is known about the biological role of CPE or enzymes responsible for CPE production. Heterologous expression studies revealed that SM synthase (SMS)2 is a bifunctional enzyme producing both SM and CPE, whereas SMS-related protein (SMSr) serves as monofunctional CPE synthase. Acute disruption of SMSr catalytic activity in cultured cells causes a rise in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ceramides, fragmentation of ER exit sites, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. To address the relevance of CPE biosynthesis in vivo, we analyzed the tissue-specific distribution of CPE in mice and generated mouse lines lacking SMSr and SMS2 catalytic activity. We found that CPE levels were >300-fold lower than SM in all tissues examined. Unexpectedly, combined inactivation of SMSr and SMS2 significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, tissue-specific CPE pools and had no obvious impact on mouse development or fertility. While SMSr is widely expressed and serves as the principal CPE synthase in the brain, blocking its catalytic activity did not affect ceramide levels or secretory pathway integrity in the brain or any other tissue. Our data provide a first inventory of CPE species and CPE-biosynthetic enzymes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bickert
- Molecular Genetics, Life, and Medical Sciences Institute University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Ginkel
- Molecular Genetics, Life, and Medical Sciences Institute University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthijs Kol
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katharina vom Dorp
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Imaging Center Essen, Electron Microscopy Unit, University Hospital University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Degen
- Molecular Genetics, Life, and Medical Sciences Institute University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - René L Jacobs
- Departments of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dennis E Vance
- Biochemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2S2 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Elke Winterhager
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Klaus Willecke
- Molecular Genetics, Life, and Medical Sciences Institute University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Datz H, Horowitz Y, Epstein L, Oster L, Livingstone J, Horowitz A, Kol M, Margaliot M. Energy dependence of the supralinearity (f(D)max) of peaks 7 and 8 in the high temperature thermoluminescence of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) : Interpretation using the Unified Interaction Model. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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van Dam V, Sijbrandi R, Kol M, Swiezewska E, de Kruijff B, Breukink E. Transmembrane transport of peptidoglycan precursors across model and bacterial membranes. Mol Microbiol 2007; 64:1105-14. [PMID: 17501931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of the peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II across the cytoplasmic membrane is a key step in bacterial cell wall synthesis, but hardly understood. Using NBD-labelled Lipid II, we showed by fluorescence and TLC assays that Lipid II transport does not occur spontaneously and is not induced by the presence of single spanning helical transmembrane peptides that facilitate transbilayer movement of membrane phospholipids. MurG catalysed synthesis of Lipid II from Lipid I in lipid vesicles also did not result in membrane translocation of Lipid II. These findings demonstrate that a specialized protein machinery is needed for transmembrane movement of Lipid II. In line with this, we could demonstrate Lipid II translocation in isolated Escherichia coli inner membrane vesicles and this transport could be uncoupled from the synthesis of Lipid II at low temperatures. The transport process appeared to be independent from an energy source (ATP or proton motive force). Additionally, our studies indicate that translocation of Lipid II is coupled to transglycosylation activity on the periplasmic side of the inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van Dam
- Department Biochemistry of Membranes, Bijvoet Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Béthune J, Kol M, Hoffmann J, Reckmann I, Brügger B, Wieland F. Coatomer, the coat protein of COPI transport vesicles, discriminates endoplasmic reticulum residents from p24 proteins. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:8011-21. [PMID: 16940185 PMCID: PMC1636745 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01055-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the formation of COPI vesicles, interactions take place between the coat protein coatomer and membrane proteins: either cargo proteins for retrieval to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or proteins that cycle between the ER and the Golgi. While the binding sites on coatomer for ER residents have been characterized, how cycling proteins bind to the COPI coat is still not clear. In order to understand at a molecular level the mechanism of uptake of such proteins, we have investigated the binding to coatomer of p24 proteins as examples of cycling proteins as well as that of ER-resident cargos. The p24 proteins required dimerization to interact with coatomer at two independent binding sites in gamma-COP. In contrast, ER-resident cargos bind to coatomer as monomers and to sites other than gamma-COP. The COPI coat therefore discriminates between p24 proteins and ER-resident proteins by differential binding involving distinct subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Béthune
- Biochemie-Zentrum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tshuva EY, Goldberg I, Kol M, Goldschmidt Z. Living polymerization and block copolymerization of alpha-olefins by an amine bis(phenolate) titanium catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2001:2120-1. [PMID: 12240192 DOI: 10.1039/b105492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An amine bis(phenolate) dibenzyl titanium complex having a methoxy donor on a side arm leads, upon activation with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, to unique living properties in alpha-olefin polymerization: exceptionally high molecular weight poly(1-hexene) is obtained in a living fashion at room temperature, living polymerization of 1-hexene is obtained above room temperature, and block copolymerization of 1-hexene and 1-octene at room temperature is described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Tshuva
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Tshuva EY, Goldberg I, Kol M, Goldschmidt Z. Coordination chemistry of amine bis(phenolate) titanium complexes: tuning complex type and structure by ligand modification. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4263-70. [PMID: 11487331 DOI: 10.1021/ic010210s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of titanium(IV) complexes of amine bis(phenolate) ligands was investigated by synthesizing various types of complexes and analyzing them specroscopically and structurally. Steric effects of tridentate [ONO]- and tetradentate [ONNO]-type ligands were studied by reacting the ligand precursors with titanium tetra(isopropoxide). [ONNO]-type ligands featuring an amine donor located on a pendant arm led to octahedral bis(isopropoxide) complexes, regardless of the steric bulk around the metal. Several such complexes having varying steric crowding were thus synthesized. On the other hand, steric effects were found to play a major role in determining the complex constitution when [ONO]-type ligands, featuring no side donor, were involved. Relatively sterically undemanding ligands led to octahedral bis(homoleptic) complexes, whereas increased steric bulk resulted in the formation of pentacoordinate bis(isopropoxide) complexes. These pentacoordinate complexes readily lead to bis(heteroleptic) complexes by reaction with nonsterically demanding [ONO]- and [ONNO]-type ligand precursors. In the latter case the sidearm nitrogen remains uncoordinated to the metal. The bis(isopropoxide) complexes of the [ONNO]-type ligands may also lead to bis(heteroleptic) complexes, however, these reactions are much slower.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Tshuva
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
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Tarsi R, Sentinelli S, Kol M. [Study on the serum factors which induce germination and production of chlamydospores in Candida albicans]. Nuovi Ann Ig Microbiol 1975; 26:57-63. [PMID: 1105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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