MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13 Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotype Is a Risk Factor for Dupuytren Contracture: A Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND

There is an increased tissue expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) on Dupuytren contracture (DC). Genetic polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNPs]) in genes of these enzymes may individually influence these transcriptions. Haplotype analysis, which is the observation of a group of alleles, could be more useful to identify the association between SNPs and DC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of MMP-1 g.-1607 G>GG (rs1799750), MMP-8 g.-799 C>T (rs11225395), and MMP-13 g.-77 A>G (rs2252070) SNPs individually and in haplotype on DC.

METHODS

A total of 60 patients with a clinical diagnosis of DC were evaluated and matched, according to age and gender, with the control group of 100 patients without this clinical diagnosis. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and genotypes were obtained by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis of the results included Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-squared test, and PHASE and R software, with a significance level of 5%.

RESULTS

The 3 SNPs studied showed significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the groups: 2G in MMP-1 (P = .018; odds ratio [OR] 1.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.88)), T in MMP-8 (P = .015; OR 0.53 (95% CI, 0.33-0.88)), and A in MMP-13 (rs2252070) SNPs (P = .040, OR 0.54 (95% CI, 0.33-0.90)) are risk alleles. The global haplotype analysis indicated a significant difference between both groups.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, MMP-1 g.-1607 G>GG (rs1799750), MMP-8 g.-799 C>T (rs11225395), and MMP-13 g.-77 A>G (rs2252070) SNPs, individually and in haplotype, are a risk factor for DC, indicating that these SNPs may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic factor for DC.

Efeito da Fotoativação de Materiais de Proteção Pulpar e Resina Composta na Deformação Dentinária e Mudanças de Temperatura na Câmara Pulpar

Analisar o efeito da fotoativação de materiais de proteção pulpar e da resina composta na deformação, temperatura pulpar e na integridade da interface de teto da câmara pulpar/materiais de proteção em molares com cavidades MOD com 1,0mm dentina   na parede pulpar. Quatro materiais de proteção: adesivo auto-condicionante CLE, Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) 2 hidróxidos de cálcio fotoativados: BIO, Biocal (Biodinâmica); ULT, Ultrablend plus (Ultradent) e cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina composta VIT, Vitrebond (3M-ESPE). As cavidades foram restauradas com resina composta (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M-Espe) (n10). Termopares e extensômetros foram utilizados para detectar mudanças de temperatura, deformação durante a fotoativação.  A deformação dentinária (µS) durante a fotoativação de CLE foi maior que os outros materiais de proteção pulpar (P <0.001).     Na fotoativação da resina, a deformação aumentou para ULT, VIT e CLE e diminuiu significativamente para BIO. A temperatura na câmara pulpar aumentou cerca de 3,5ºC após a fotoativação dos materiais protetores e 2,1ºC na resina composta. O micro-CT mostrou perfeita integridade da interface após a restauração para CLE, VIT e ULT, no entanto, foram encontrados gaps entre BIO e o teto da câmara pulpar em todas as amostras. A fotoativação dos materiais protetores resultou em deformação da dentina pulpar e aumento da temperatura. A contração da restauração em resina causou descolamento do Biocal.Palavras-chave: Fotoativação. Temperatura Pulpar. Deformação Dentinária.

Efeito da Manipulação do Cimento Resinoso e Método de Inserção na Porosidade do Cimento e Resistência de União de Pino de Fibra de Vidro

Avaliar o efeito do método de mistura e inserção no canal radicular na porosidade do cimento e resistência de união (RU) de pino de fibra de vidro (PFV). Cento e vinte dentes unirradiculares foram cortados com 15 mm, obturados e tiveram PFV cimentados com 3 cimentos resinosos autoadesivos (U200, RelyX 2000 sET e PSA, Panavia SA) utilizando 4 métodos de mistura/técnicas de inserção (handmix/lima endodôntica handmix/Seringa Centrix automix/ponta convencional e automix/endo tip). As amostras foram escaneadas por micro-CT e seccionadas em fatias (2 por terços: cervical, médio e apical) que foram submetidos à RU, e o padrão de falha foi classificado. Os dados de RU, volume de cimento e de porosidade foram analisados utilizando ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com significância de 5%. O volume de cimento foi similar independente da mistura ou método de inserção. A porosidade foi menor para automix/endo tip e maior para handmix/lima endodôntica. O uso de seringa Centrix e endo tip reduziu a porosidade no terço apical e aumentou RU quando comparados ao uso de lima. A profundidade do canal reduziu RU para U200 e seT quando associados a handmix/lima endodôntica. U200 e seT associados a automix resultou em maior RU eliminando efeito da região, independentemente do método de inserção. Em geral, U200 mostrou maior RU e PSA o menor. A falha do tipo adesiva entre cimento e dentina foi predominante. A RU e porosidade são influenciadas negativamente pelo método handmix/lima endodôntica. Já o método automix/ endo tip produziu melhores resultados na cimentação de PFV.Palavras-chave: Manipulação. Inserção. Cimento Resinoso. Resistência de União.

Potência Radiante, Irradiância e Espectro de Emissão de 22 Fontes de Fotoativação Utilizadas no Brasil

O trabalho mediu a potencia radiante, a irradiância e o espectro de emissão de 22 LCUs do mercado brasileiro. Foi medida a área das pontas (cm2) para calcular a irradiância a partir da potencia radiante (mW), que foi obtida por um medidor de potencia laser do laboratório. O MARC- Patient Simulator (MARC- PS) com espectrômetro de grau (USB4000, Ocean Optics) foi utilizado para medir o espectro no sensor anterior e posterior. Os dados foram analisados utilizando ANOVA two-way e os dados da potencia radiante foram analisados por ANOVA one-way seguida pelo teste de Tukey (a 0,05). Valo, Bluephase G2, Radii Plus mostrou irradiância semelhante na região anterior e posterior e ambos receberam irradiância maior que 500 mW / cm2. Seis LCUs apresentaram menor irradiância que a recomendada (500mW / cm2) quando usado na região posterior, KON-LUX, Altlux II, Biolux Standard, TL-01, Optilux 501, DX Turbo LED 1200 e duas LCUs quando foram usadas na região anterior KON-LUX e Altlux II. O Bluephase G2  e Optilight Max forneceram a maior potência e o KON-LUX, o Altlux II eo Biolux Standard mostraram as menores potências. O espectro das LCUs de pico único foi muito variável e das multi-picos emitiram espectro semelhante para ambos os sensores. O design, a potencia radiante, a irradiância e o tipo de LCUs são fatores que os clínicos e pesquisadores precisam ter domínio quando necessitam fotoativar materiais resinosos.Palavras-chave: Fontes de Luz. Potência. Irradiância. Espectro de Emissão no Simulador de Paciente de MARC.

Efetividade de Protetores Oculares Usados com Fontes de Luz LED Convencional e Multi- Espectros

A alta irradiância e diferentes espectros de luz emitidos por fontes de luz podem causar danos oculares. Este estudo avaliou a capacidade de 15 filtros de proteção ocular em bloquear a luz azul e violeta de duas fontes de luz: convencional (HP-3M ESPE) e de largo espectro (Valo, Ultradent) utilizando sensor anterior do MARC-Patient Simulator (BlueLight Analytics inc.) A irradiância transmitida através dos filtros protetores foi mensurada em triplicata para cada filtro. Os valores médios da irradiância que passaram pelos filtros foram analisados usando Análise de variância fatorial (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey (a 0.05). O espetro emitido através dos filtros foi obtido. A interação entre os filtros protetores e fontes de luz influenciou significantemente a quantidade de luz transmitida (p<0,001). A quantidade de luz transmitida através dos protetores oculares quando usado o HP-3M ESPE foi significantemente maior quando comparado aos valores para o Valo, independentemente do filtro testado. Para HP-3M ESPE, os óculos de cor vermelha, permitiu significativamente maior passagem de luz, seguido por XL 3000, ORTUS, Google Professional, e pelo filtro Gnatus. O filtro do Valo e os óculos UVEX foram os mais eficientes para bloquear a luz violeta. Alguns filtros foram menos eficazes ao bloquear menores comprimentos de onde (<420 nm). No entanto, mesmo no pior cenário dos resultados deste estudo, os filtros foram capazes de bloquear ao menos 97% da irradiância emitida pelas fontes de luz testadas.Palavras-chave: Filtros Protetores. Aparelhos Fotopolimerizadores. Danos Oculares.

Stress Distribution, Tooth Remaining Strain, and Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Molars Restored Without or With One or Two Fiberglass Posts And Direct Composite Resin

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of direct composite resin without a post or with one or two fiberglass posts on the restoration of severely compromised endodontically treated molars.

Methods and Materials:

Forty-five molars with 2 mm of “remaining tooth structure” were divided into three groups: Wfgp, restored with Filtek Z350XT without a fiberglass post; 1fgp, restored with Z350XT with one fiberglass post in the distal root canal; and 2fgp, restored with Z350XT with two fiberglass posts, one in the distal root canal and the other in the mesial-buccal root canal. The teeth were load cycled. Tooth remaining strain was measured using strain gauges (n=10) at two moments: TrSt-100 N, during 100 N occlusal loading, and TrSt-Fr, at fracture load. Fracture resistance was calculated, and fracture mode was classified. The elastic modulus and Vickers hardness were calculated using dynamic indentation (n=5). Stress distribution was analyzed by three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Results:

The use of two fiberglass posts resulted in lower fracture resistance than was noted in the groups with one fiberglass post and without fiberglass posts. The lingual surface of the remaining tooth had higher strain values than the buccal surface, regardless of the restorative technique and moment of evaluation. The absence of a fiberglass post resulted in significantly higher strain values and more irreparable fracture modes than were noted in the other groups. The use of one fiberglass post had a better strain/fracture resistance ratio. Stresses were concentrated in the occlusal portion of the post and in the furcation region. The presence of one fiberglass post resulted in better stress distribution in the entire distal root dentin, reducing stress on the critical areas.

Conclusions:

The use of one fiberglass post for restoring molars with direct composite resin resulted in higher fracture resistance than did the use of two fiberglass posts; it also resulted in better tooth remaining strain and stress distribution and more reparable fracture modes than were seen in the group without a fiberglass post.

Mechanical properties, shrinkage stress, cuspal strain and fracture resistance of molars restored with bulk-fill composites and incremental filling technique

OBJECTIVES

To compare bulk-fill with incremental filling techniques for restoring large mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) restorations.

METHODS

Seventy-five molars with MOD preparations were divided into five groups: Z350XT, incrementally filled with Filtek Z350XT and four bulk-fills-FBF/Z350XT, Filtek Bulk Fill/Filtek Z350XT; VBF/CHA, Venus Bulk Fill/Charisma Diamond; SDR/EST-X, SDR/Esthet-X HD; TEC, TetricEvoCeram Bulk Fill. Cuspal strains were measured using strain-gauges (n=10): CSt-Re, during restorative procedure; CSt-100N, during 100N occlusal loading; CSt-Fr, at fracture load. Before fracture load, teeth were load-cycled. Fracture resistance, fracture mode, and enamel cracks were recorded. The other five teeth were used for Elastic modulus (E) and Vickers hardness (VH). Post-gel shrinkage (Shr), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and compressive strength (CS) were determined (n=10). Shrinkage stresses were analyzed using finite element analysis.

RESULTS

SDR had similar CS values as TEC, lower than all other composites. CHA had similar DTS values as Z350XT, higher than all other composites. Z350XT had the highest mean Shr and SDR the lowest Shr. New enamel cracks and propagation was observed after the restoration, regardless of filling technique. Z350XT had lower fracture resistance than bulk-fill composite techniques. No significant differences in failure modes were found. E and VH were constant through the depth for all techniques. Bulk-filling techniques had lower stresses compared to Z350XT.

CONCLUSIONS

Flowable bulk-fill composites had lower mechanical properties than paste bulk-fill and conventional composites. All bulk-fill composites had lower post-gel shrinkage than conventional composite. Bulk-fill filling techniques resulted in lower cusp strain, shrinkage stress and higher fracture resistance.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Using bulk-fill composites cause lower CSt wich indicates lower stress in restored tooth. Furthermore, bulk-fill composites have a higher fracture resistance. Therefore, clinicians may choose the bulk-fill composite to decrease undesirable effects of restoration while simplifying filling procedure.

Induction of resistance by silicon in wheat plants to alate and apterous morphs of Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Despite the knowledge about the effects of silicon augmenting antibiosis and nonpreference of plants by apterous aphids, few studies exist on such effects with alate aphids. This study evaluated the effects of silicon fertilization on the biology of alate and apterous morphs of Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and the effect on nonpreference by S. avenae alates for wheat plants with or without silicon fertilization. A method for rearing aphids on detached leaves was evaluated comparing the biology of apterous aphids reared on wheat leaf sections and on whole plants with and without silicon fertilization. Because the use of detached leaves was a reliable method, the effect of silicon fertilization on the biology of apterous and alate S. avenae was assessed using wheat leaf sections. Biological data of aphids were used to calculate a fertility life table. Finally, the effect of silicon fertilization on the nonpreference of alate aphids was carried out for both vegetative and reproductive phases of wheat. Thirty alate aphids were released in the center of a cage, and the number of aphids per whole plant with or without silicon fertilization was observed. Silicon fertilization induced antibiosis resistance in wheat plants to apterous morphs as shown by reduced fecundity, reproductive period, longevity, intrinsic rate of increase, and net reproductive rate; however, alates were unaffected. Plants that received silicon fertilization had fewer alate aphids in both the vegetative and reproductive phases. Thus, silicon fertilization can reduce colonization by alates, enhancing nonpreference resistance, and population growth of apterous S. avenae in wheat plants.

Craniofacial abnormalities, obesity, and hormonal alterations have similar effects in magnitude on the development of nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with acromegaly

BACKGROUND

In patients with acromegaly, sleep apnea-related hypoxemia results in considerable morbidity and mortality.

AIMS

To evaluate the relative weight of pathogenic factors in predicting such hypoxemia.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, 34 acromegaly patients were submitted to clinical evaluation, nocturnal oximetry, and nasolaryngeal airway tomography. GH, IGF-I, and its upper limit normal value were measured. Nocturnal hypoxemia was defined as >5 episodes of desaturation/h of sleep. Craniofacial abnormalities were expressed using a linear parameter index (LPI). Nocturnal hypoxemia was predicted using logistic regression, including the variables markers of craniofacial abnormality, hormonal alteration, and obesity. Coefficients were standardized in order to determine their effect magnitudes relative to the outcome. The best model included the variables gender, age, LPI, body mass index (BMI), and IGFI upper limit normal value.

MAIN RESULTS

In the absence of the age and gender variables, the odds ratio for the LPI (1.60) was slightly higher than those found for BMI (1.49) and upper limit normal value (1.40). When the data were adjusted for age, the hormone upper limit normal value presented little alteration (1.49), although the decrease in the LPI was considerable (1.21), as was the increase in the BMI (2.18). The relative weight of the LPI was age-dependent. The gender variable did not alter the relevance of the others.

CONCLUSIONS

The effects that craniofacial aspect, obesity, and hormonal alterations have on nocturnal hypoxemia are of similar magnitude.

Genotoxic potentiality of aqueous extract prepared from Chrysobalanus icaco L. leaves

Plants have been related to our lives, being used as medicine, regardless of scientific evidence of side effects. This work analyses the toxicological effects of Chrysobalanus icaco L. aqueous extract, used in different pathologies. It was studied through: (i) alteration of plasmid pUC 9.1 topology; (ii) survival of bacterial strains submitted, or not, to previous treatment with SnCl2; (iii) transformation efficiency of E. coli strain by the treatment with the plasmid pUC 9.1. In (i), the treatment of the plasmid resulted in DNA single-strand breaks (SSB). A decrease of the lethal effect induced by SnCl2 in presence of the extract was found, while no C. icaco bacterial survival reduction was observed. The transformation efficiency of the plasmid was also reduced. Results suggest that the extract could present a potential genotoxic effect, as demonstrated either by the induction of SSB in plasmid or in transformation efficiency experiments. Finally, it presents an antioxidant action.

Dna damage in peripheral blood nuclear cells assessed by comet assay from individuals submitted to scintigraphic examinations

Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is employed as a reducing agent to obtain Technetium-99m-labelled radiophamaceuticals in nuclear medicine kits, being injected endovenously in humans. Toxic effects of these kits were not studied, thus making it important to evaluate their impact in humans. In this study, the toxic effects were evaluated from peripheral blood nuclear cells (PBNC) from patients who received radiopharmaceuticals obtained using such kits. The analyses included results performed by comet assay. DNA damage was visualized in PBNC samples collected within a time up to 2 hr, and 24 hr after radiopharmaceutical injection in the patients. Initially we observed an increase of comet signals, which subsequently were reduced to zero after 24 hr. The diminishing of comet amounts probably is associated with DNA repair of damaged cells or with the elimination by apoptosis of cells whose DNA are not repaired.

[Psychogenic dystonia: report of 2 cases]

Movement disorders have rarely been the result of psychiatric disturbances. Psychogenic dystonia is caracterized by inconsistent findings, a known precipitant factor, onset in legs, pain, multiple somatizations and incongruent association with other movement disorders. We report two patients with clinically established psychogenic dystonia. Patient 1: a female that presented sudden loss of strength in her four limbs; she developed feet dystonia, alternant laterocollis, generalized and irregular tremor, and limb hypertonia that disappeared with distraction; psychological examination showed severe depression, hypochondria and obsessive disorder. Patient 2: a female that presented with irregular limb tremors that disappeared with distraction and left foot dystonia nine years ago; she gradually lost her walk capacity; she complained pain in lumbar area and in her left limb, psychological examination showed infantile behaviour, low frustration tolerance, impulsivity and self-aggression. Their complementary exams showed no alterations and they had no response to specific pharmacological treatment. Dystonia is rarely psychogenic, but this etiology is suggested when clinical characteristics are inconsistent and incongrous with a classical disorder. It should be part of differential diagnosis when appears in association with other somatization or psychiatric disorders.

[Dementia caused by neurosyphilis: clinical and neuropsychological follow-up of a patient]

Dementia is one of the manifestations of late syphilis and it is characterized by cognitive deterioration and behaviour disturbances. We report on a male patient with cognitive decline, behaviour disorder, hyperactivity, hallucinations, short-term memory and Argyll Robertson pupils due to neurosyphilis. Minimental state test (MST) was 16. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration was 82 mg/dl, CSF-leucocyte count 128 cells/mm3 (98% mononuclear cells), CSF-VDRL 1:4, and CSF-T.pallidum haemaglutination assay 1:2560. MRI showed no cerebral alteration, but SPECT revealed left fronto-temporal hypocaptation. He received intravenous penicillin. MST done 3 months after the treatment scored 22. A new spinal tap showed normal CSF. Neurosyphilis should be part of the differential diagnosis of every patient showing cognitive deterioration and behaviour disturbances. During follow-up, MMS is an useful instrument to ++measure cognitive decline and response to treatment.

Alterations in the metabolism of fats and phosphatides in rat liver induced by halide ions

The effects of halide ions on several pathways of lipid metabolism have been investigated in rat liver slices. Through the use of carboxyl-14-C-labeled acetate and palmitate and U-14-C-labeled glycine, striking differences were found when the effects of the four halide ions on the labeling of the lipids were compared. Both fluoride and iodide dpressed [14-C]acetate incorporation into phosphatide and triglyceride fractions. The effects of the halide ions on the labeling from the effects observed when [14-C]acetate was the precursor of the lipid molecule. In contrast with the phospholipid fractions, the level of radioactivity from [14-C]palmitate incorporated into the triglycerides was lower with fluoride than with chloride. The incorporation of [14-C]glycine into the phospholipids was also greatly depressed by fluoride. The effects of halide ions on acetoacetate formation, on 14-CO2 production and on the acetylcoenzyme A synthetase of rat liver were also investigated. Decreasing [I-14-C]-acetate conversion to acetoacetate iodide had an opposite effect on 14-CO2 production from the same labeled substrate. The effects of the four halide ions and the differences observed with the three labeled substrates on several pathways related to lipid metabolism are discussed.