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Vielkind ML, Hamlington KL, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Meier MR, Liu AH, Hickey FJ, Brown MA, DeBoer EM. Airwave oscillometry to measure lung function in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1775-1780. [PMID: 34326475 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Down syndrome are at risk for significant pulmonary co-morbidities, including recurrent respiratory infections, dysphagia, obstructive sleep apnea, and pulmonary vascular disease. Because the gold standard metric of lung function, spirometry, may not be feasible in children with intellectual disabilities, we sought to assess the feasibility of both airwave oscillometry and spirometry in children with Down syndrome. METHODS Thirty-four children with Down syndrome aged 5-17 years were recruited. Participants performed airwave oscillometry and spirometry before and 10 min after albuterol. Outcomes include success rates, airway resistance and reactance pre- and post-bronchodilator, and bronchodilator response. RESULTS Participants were median age 9.2 years (interquartile range 7.2, 12.0) and 47% male. Airwave oscillometry was successful in 26 participants (76.5%) and 4 (11.8%) were successful with spirometry. No abnormalities in airway resistance were detected, and 16/26 (61.5%) had decreased reactance. A positive bronchodilator response by oscillometry was observed in 5/23 (21.7%) of those with successful pre- and post-bronchodilator testing. CONCLUSIONS Measures of pulmonary function were successfully obtained using airwave oscillometry in children with Down syndrome, which supports its use in this high-risk population. IMPACT Children with Down syndrome are at risk for significant pulmonary co-morbidities, but the gold standard metric of lung function, spirometry, may not be feasible in children with intellectual disabilities. This may limit the population's enrollment in clinical trials and in standardized clinical care. In this prospective study of lung function in children with Down syndrome, airwave oscillometry was successful in 76% of participants but spirometry was successful in only 12%. This study reinforces that measures of pulmonary function can be obtained successfully using airwave oscillometry in children with Down syndrome, which supports its use in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vielkind
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Maxene R Meier
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew H Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Francis J Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily M DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Cass ND, Hebbe AL, Meier MR, Kaizer AM, Kalmanson OA, Stevens C, Tholen KE, Haville S, Handley E, Francom CR, Herrmann BW. Pediatric Primary Tympanoplasty Outcomes With Autologous and Non-autologous Grafts. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:94-100. [PMID: 34510118 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare rates of successful tympanic membrane (TM) closure in primary pediatric tympanoplasty between various autologous and non-autologous tissues. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed examining all primary pediatric tympanoplasties over a 20-year period at a single institution. RESULTS In 564 pediatric tympanoplasties, no statistically significant difference existed between success rates of autologous and non-autologous grafts (p = 0.083). Compared with fascia, the hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for failure for each graft were as follows: human pericardial collagen (HR 0.90, CI 0.54-1.50, p = 0.680), porcine submucosal collagen (HR 1.07, CI 0.56-2.05, p = 0.830), human acellular dermal collagen (HR 1.66, CI 0.95-2.87, p = 0.073), and "multiple grafts" (HR 0.72, CI 0.26-1.98, p = 0.520). Survival curves demonstrated that 75% of graft failures occurred by 6 months after surgery, the rest occurring between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Larger perforations encompassing more than or equal to 50% of the TM had lower success rates (HR 1.50, CI 1.02-2.21, p = 0.041) than smaller perforations encompassing less than 50% of the TM. Age was not correlated with success (HR 0.98, CI 0.93-1.03, p = 0.390). CONCLUSION This study found that non-autologous collagen grafts provide equivalent rates of healing when compared with autologous tissue in primary pediatric tympanoplasty. In addition to the potential for reduced operative time and donor site morbidity, these materials provide a viable graft alternative in fascia-depleted ears.Level of Evidence: Level 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Annika L Hebbe
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health
| | | | - Alexander M Kaizer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health
- Center for Research Outcomes for Children's Surgery
| | - Olivia A Kalmanson
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | | | - Kaitlyn E Tholen
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Salina Haville
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Elyse Handley
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Christian R Francom
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Brian W Herrmann
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado
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Shahi N, Skillman HE, Phillips R, Cooper EH, Shirek GP, Goldsmith A, Meier MR, Kaizer AM, Recicar JF, Banks A, Moulton SL. Why Delay? Early Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Burn Patients Improves Outcomes. J Burn Care Res 2020; 42:171-176. [PMID: 32810219 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Children who sustain moderate to large surface area burns present in a hypermetabolic state with increased caloric and protein requirements. A policy was implemented at our institution in 2017 to initiate enteral nutrition (EN) in pediatric burn patients within 4 hours of admission. The authors hypothesize that early EN (initiated within 4 hours of admission) is more beneficial than late EN (initiated ≥ 4 hours from admission) for pediatric burn patients and is associated with decreased rates of pneumonia, increased calorie and protein intake, fewer feeding complications, a shorter Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and a reduced hospital LOS. Children who sustained a total body surface area (TBSA) burn injury ≥ 10% between 2011 and 2018 were identified in a prospectively maintained burn registry at Children's Hospital Colorado. Patients were stratified into two groups for comparison: early EN and late EN. The authors identified 132 pediatric burn patients who met inclusion criteria, and most (60%) were male. Approximately half (48%) of the study patients were in the early EN group. The early EN group had lower rates of underfeeding during the first week (P = .014) and shorter ICU LOS (P = .025). Achieving and sustaining adequate nutrition in pediatric burn patients with moderate to large surface area burn injuries are critical to recovery. Early EN in pediatric burn patients is associated with decreased underfeeding and reduced ICU LOS. The authors recommend protocols to institute feeding for patients with burns ≥ 10% TBSA within 4 hours of admission at all pediatric burn centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Shahi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts, Worcester.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | | | - Ryan Phillips
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Emily H Cooper
- The Center for Research in Outcomes for Children's Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | | | - Adam Goldsmith
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Maxene R Meier
- The Center for Research in Outcomes for Children's Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Alexander M Kaizer
- The Center for Research in Outcomes for Children's Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - John F Recicar
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Ashley Banks
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Steven L Moulton
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
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Lueth ET, Gist KM, Burkett DA, Landeck BF, Brinton JT, Meier MR, Coffin JM, Schafer M, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Retrospective Comparison of the Supported and Unsupported Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit in Children. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 108:567-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Giesenhagen AM, Ivy D, Brinton JT, Meier MR, Weinman JP, Liptzin DR. High Altitude Pulmonary Edema in Children: A Single Referral Center Evaluation. J Pediatr 2019; 210:106-111. [PMID: 31005280 PMCID: PMC6592742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features of children who presented to Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO) with high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective chart review in children discharged from CHCO (an elevation of 1668 m) with a clinical diagnosis of HAPE and a chest radiograph consistent with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographics, presentations, and treatment strategies. RESULTS From 2004 to 2014, 50 children presented to CHCO who were found to have a clinical diagnosis of HAPE and a chest radiograph consistent with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Most (72%) patients were male, and most (60%) of the children in the study were diagnosed with classic HAPE, 38% with re-entry HAPE, and 2% with high altitude resident pulmonary edema. Elevation at symptom presentation ranged from 1840 to 3536 m. Patients were treated with a variety of medications, including diuretics, steroids, and antibiotics. Four patients were newly diagnosed with structural heart findings: 2 patients with patent foramen ovale and 2 with atrial septal defects. Eleven patients had findings consistent with pulmonary hypertension at the time of echocardiography. CONCLUSIONS HAPE symptoms may develop below 2500 m, so providers should not rule out HAPE based on elevation alone. Structural heart findings and pulmonary hypertension are associated with HAPE susceptibility and their presence may inform treatment. Inappropriate use of antibiotics and diuretics in children with HAPE suggest that further education of providers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Giesenhagen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Dunbar Ivy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - John T. Brinton
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Maxene R. Meier
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Jason P. Weinman
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Deborah R. Liptzin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Palau MA, Meier MR, Brinton JT, Hwang SS, Roosevelt GE, Parker TA. The impact of parental primary language on communication in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol 2019; 39:307-313. [PMID: 30531932 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-018-0295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Language barriers contribute to suboptimal healthcare delivery. We sought to explore disparities in communication between English and Spanish-speaking parents and their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) providers. STUDY DESIGN We compared English-speaking versus Spanish-speaking parents' understanding of their infant's diagnosis through a structured interview. RESULTS Spanish-speaking parents were four times (RR 4.0, 95% CI: 1.5, 11.0; p = 0.004) more likely to incorrectly identify their child's diagnosis than English-speaking parents. Spanish speakers also self-reported lower understanding of NICU interventions. Physicians provided updates to Spanish-speaking parents in their native language only 39% of the time. CONCLUSIONS Spanish-speaking NICU parents more commonly misunderstood aspects of their child's care than did English-speaking parents. Providers' failed to communicate with Spanish-speaking families in their native language the majority of the time. Additional research is needed to assess the barriers to effective communication between NICU providers and Spanish-speaking parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A Palau
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Maxene R Meier
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John T Brinton
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sunah S Hwang
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Genie E Roosevelt
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Thomas A Parker
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Ehrig J, Paulsen K, Tong S, Meier MR, Lagueux M, Galan HL, Zaretsky MV, Behrendt N. 422: Use of virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) for volume calculation compared to traditional volume calculations of fetal thoracic tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The authors examined the roll-over shape alignment hypothesis, which states that prosthetic feet are aligned by matching their roll-over shapes with an "ideal" shape. The "ideal" shape was considered to be the roll-over shape of the able-bodied foot-ankle system. An alignment algorithm and computational alignment system were developed to set trans-tibial alignments based on this hypothesis. Three prosthetic feet with considerably different roll-over shapes were either aligned using the alignment system or not aligned (i.e. used previous foot's alignment), and then were aligned by a team of prosthetists. No significant differences were found between roll-over shapes aligned by the computational alignment system and those based on standard clinical techniques (p = 0.944). Significant differences were found between the "no alignment" shapes and the prosthetist alignment shapes (p = 0.006), and between the "no alignment" shapes and the computational alignment system shapes (p = 0.024). The results of the experiment support the hypothesis that the goal of alignment is to match the prosthetic foot's roll-over shape, as closely as possible, with an "ideal" shape. The hypothesis is also supported by its ability to explain the results of previous studies. Using an "ideal" roll-over shape or surface as a goal for prosthetic alignment could lead to a priori alignment, eliminating the need for alignment hardware in some cases. Being able to build the alignment into a prosthesis without special hardware could be beneficial in low-income countries and in the fabrication of lightweight prostheses for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Hansen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Healthy elderly people can have difficulties in precisely terminating gait due to age-related decline. Diabetes mellitus accelerates the neurodegenerative process, which results in an additional decline in motor control. This biomechanical study investigated goal-oriented gait termination in healthy elderly and elderly diabetic subjects. The trajectories of the centre of pressure and the centre of mass during the gait termination process were analysed in particular. It was hypothesised that the pathology results in an unstable gait termination, expressed in larger overshoots of the centre of pressure and the centre of mass than in healthy control subjects. METHODS A total of 15 subjects with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus with impaired foot sensitivity due to polyneuropathy (median, 66 years) were matched according to age, gender and body mass index with 15 healthy elderly subjects (median, 67 years). The participants walked at their own pace along the walkway and stopped in front of a marked stopping line while kinetic and kinematic data were recorded. RESULTS The diabetic subjects approached the stopping line more slowly (p = 0.002) than the healthy elderly subjects. They also exhibited a weaker maximal braking force (p = 0.011) and a prolonged relative time to develop this force (p = 0.023). Despite this slower motion, the centre of pressure overshoots were larger in the diabetic subjects than in the healthy elderly (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION The results show differences between healthy elderly and diabetic subjects during easy goal-oriented stopping tasks. Changes in gait termination parameters and the increased overshoots in particular document the pathology-related decline in postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Meier
- Sherbrooke Geriatrics University-Institute, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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