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Cobongela SZZ, Makatini MM, May B, Njengele-Tetyana Z, Bambo MF, Sibuyi NRS. Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity Screening of Acyldepsipeptide-1 Analogues Conjugated to Silver/Indium/Sulphide Quantum Dots. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:183. [PMID: 38391569 PMCID: PMC10886425 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuous rise in bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance is the driving force behind the search for new antibacterial agents with novel modes of action. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently gained attention as promising antibiotic agents with the potential to treat drug-resistant infections. Several AMPs have shown a lower propensity towards developing resistance compared to conventional antibiotics. However, these peptides, especially acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs) present with unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, such as high toxicity and low bioavailability. Different ways to improve these peptides to be drug-like molecules have been explored, and these include using biocompatible nano-carriers. ADEP1 analogues (SC005-8) conjugated to gelatin-capped Silver/Indium/Sulfide (AgInS2) quantum dots (QDs) improved the antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The ADEP1 analogues exhibited minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) between 63 and 500 µM, and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values between 125 and 750 µM. The AgInS2-ADEP1 analogue conjugates showed enhanced antibacterial activity as evident from the MIC and MBC values, i.e., 1.6-25 µM and 6.3-100 µM, respectively. The AgInS2-ADEP1 analogue conjugates were non-toxic against HEK-293 cells at concentrations that showed antibacterial activity. The findings reported herein could be helpful in the development of antibacterial treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinazo Z Z Cobongela
- Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
| | - Maya M Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Bambesiwe May
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Roodepoort 1705, South Africa
| | - Zikhona Njengele-Tetyana
- Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
- Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Mokae F Bambo
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
| | - Nicole R S Sibuyi
- Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg 2194, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Research Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Nyembe PL, Ntombela T, Makatini MM. Review: Structure-Activity Relationship of Antimicrobial Peptoids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051506. [PMID: 37242748 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic analogs have emerged as prospective therapies for treating illnesses brought on by multi-drug resistant pathogens. To overcome the limitations of AMPs, such as protease degradation, oligo-N-substituted glycines (peptoids) are a promising alternative. Despite having the same backbone atom sequence as natural peptides, peptoid structures are more stable because, unlike AMP, their functional side chains are attached to the backbone nitrogen (N)-atom rather than the alpha carbon atom. As a result, peptoid structures are less susceptible to proteolysis and enzymatic degradation. The advantages of AMPs, such as hydrophobicity, cationic character, and amphipathicity, are mimicked by peptoids. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship studies (SAR) have shown that tuning the structure of peptoids is a crucial step in developing effective antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla L Nyembe
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Thandokuhle Ntombela
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Maya M Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
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Mbhele T, Tanyanyiwa DM, Moepya RJ, Bhana S, Makatini MM. Relationship between amino acid ratios and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in South Africa. Afr J Lab Med 2021; 10:1398. [PMID: 34956850 PMCID: PMC8678941 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease is a major complication resulting from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Currently, the microalbuminuria test is used to monitor renal function; however, it does not detect albumin until progressive loss of renal function has occurred. Objective This study analysed the relationship between changes in amino acid ratios and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods Urine samples were collected from participants between February 2019 to April 2019 and analysed from November 2020 to January 2021. Diabetic (glycated haemoglobin > 6.4%) and non-diabetic patients (glycated haemoglobin ≤ 6.4%) from Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa, were further categorised based on the degree of renal function predicted by the eGFRs. Amino acids were quantified using tandem mass spectrometry to determine the concentrations and ratios of tyrosine/phenylalanine, ornithine/arginine, arginine/citrulline and citrulline/ornithine at different stages of the chronic kidney disease. Results Among diabetic patients, the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio showed a statistically significant increase (p = 0.04) as the eGFR declined from stage 1 to stage 4; the ornithine/arginine ratio showed a strong negative correlation with eGFR. The citrulline/ornithine ratio differed between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients in stage 1 of chronic kidney disease. Conclusion Amino acid ratios (ornithine/arginine and tyrosine/phenylalanine) are affected by the progression of diabetes and can be correlated to renal function. The citrulline/ornithine ratios differ between the studied groups in stage 1 of the disease and may be utilised to predict the onset of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapelo Mbhele
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Donald M. Tanyanyiwa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Refilwe J. Moepya
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sindeep Bhana
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maya M. Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Shobo A, Pamreddy A, Kruger HG, Makatini MM, Naicker T, Govender T, Baijnath S. Enhanced brain penetration of pretomanid by intranasal administration of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:997-1008. [PMID: 29790418 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To enhance the drug delivery to the brain with an oil-in-water nanoemulsion of pretomanid via intranasal (IN) administration. MATERIALS & METHODS The study involved 70 male Sprague-Dawley rats (160-180 g) that received either 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) a nanoemulsion or a 20 mg/kg b.w. of pretomanid in solution via the IN route. The drug was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate whole tissue-drug concentrations, and mass spectrometric imaging to visualize drug localization in the brain. RESULTS Nanoemulsion delivery concentrations of pretomanid in the brain reached peak concentrations (Cmax) of 12,062.3 ng/g that is significantly higher than the required therapeutic level. The mass spectrometric imaging analysis clearly showed a time dependent and uniform distribution in the brain. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that IN delivery of oil-in-water nanoemulsion may be very promising for targeting anatomical tuberculosis reservoirs, such as the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Shobo
- Catalysis & Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Annapurna Pamreddy
- Catalysis & Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis & Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Maya M Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis & Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis & Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Catalysis & Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Khumalo MF, Akpan ED, Chinthakindi PK, Brasil E, Rajbongshi KK, Makatini MM, Govender T, Kruger HG, Naicker T, Arvidsson PI. Synthesis of novel 1,2,4-thiadiazinane 1,1-dioxides via three component SuFEx type reaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37503-37507. [PMID: 35557800 PMCID: PMC9089429 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07627h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation of 1,2,4-thiadiazinane 1,1-dioxides from reaction of β-aminoethane sulfonamides with dichloromethane, dibromomethane and formaldehyde as methylene donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mzilikazi F. Khumalo
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Ekemini D. Akpan
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | | | - Edikarlos M. Brasil
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Kamal K. Rajbongshi
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Maya M. Makatini
- Molecular Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Tricia Naicker
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - Per I. Arvidsson
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit
- University of KwaZulu Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
- Science for Life Laboratory
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Makatini MM, Petzold K, Arvidsson PI, Honarparvar B, Govender T, Maguire GEM, Parboosing R, Sayed Y, Soliman MES, Kruger HG. Synthesis, screening and computational investigation of pentacycloundecane-peptoids as potent CSA-HIV PR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 57:459-67. [PMID: 22867528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the first pentacycloundecane (PCU) diol peptoid derived HIV protease inhibitors with IC(50) values ranging from 6.5 to 0.075 μM. Five derivatives were synthesized in an attempt to understand the structure activity relationship of this class of compounds for HIV protease inhibition. NMR spectroscopy (new Efficient Adiabatic Symmetrized Rotating Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy, EASY-ROESY) was employed to determine the predominant conformation of the active compound. In this study docking studies and MD simulations provided insight into the binding theme of this class of peptoid inhibitors to the CSA-HIV PR active site. Conserved and stable hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of the inhibitors and the active site Asp25/Asp25' residues were observed from the docking and along the MD trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Makatini
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Honarparvar B, Makatini MM, Pawar SA, Petzold K, Soliman MES, Arvidsson PI, Sayed Y, Govender T, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG. Inside Cover: Pentacycloundecane-diol-Based HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Biological Screening, 2 D NMR, and Molecular Simulation Studies (ChemMedChem 6/2012). ChemMedChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201290025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Honarparvar B, Makatini MM, Pawar SA, Petzold K, Soliman MES, Arvidsson PI, Sayed Y, Govender T, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG. Pentacycloundecane-diol-Based HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Biological Screening, 2D NMR, and Molecular Simulation Studies. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1009-19. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Makatini MM, Petzold K, Alves CN, Arvidsson PI, Honarparvar B, Govender P, Govender T, Kruger HG, Sayed Y, JerônimoLameira, Maguire GEM, Soliman MES. Synthesis, 2D-NMR and molecular modelling studies of pentacycloundecane lactam-peptides and peptoids as potential HIV-1 wild type C-SA protease inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:78-88. [PMID: 22339087 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.633907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, eight non-natural peptides and peptoids incorporating the pentacycloundecane (PCU) lactam were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of the wild type C-SA HIV-protease. Five of these inhibitors gave IC(50) values ranging from 0.5 up to 0.75 µM against the resistance-prone wild type C-South African HIV-protease. NMR EASY-ROESY studies enabled us to describe the secondary structure of three of these compounds in solution. The 3D structures of the selected cage peptides were also modelled in solution using QM/MM/MD simulations. Satisfactory agreement between the NMR observations and the low energy calculated structures exists. Only one of these inhibitors (11 peptoid), which showed the best IC(50)(0.5 µM), exhibited a definable 3-D structure in solution. Autodock4 and AutodockVina were used to model the potential interaction between these inhibitors and the HIV-PR. It appears that the docking results are too crude to be correlated with the relative narrow range of experimental IC(50) values (0.5-10 µM). The PCU-peptides and peptoides were several orders less toxic (145 μM for 11 and 102 μM for 11 peptoid) to human MT-4 cells than lopinavir (0.025 μM). This is the first example of a polycyclic cage framework to be employed as an HIV-PR transition state analogue inhibitor and can potentially be utilized for other diseases related proteases. [Figure: see text].
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Makatini MM, Petzold K, Sriharsha SN, Ndlovu N, Soliman ME, Honarparvar B, Parboosing R, Naidoo A, Arvidsson PI, Sayed Y, Govender P, Maguire GE, Kruger HG, Govender T. Synthesis and structural studies of pentacycloundecane-based HIV-1 PR inhibitors: A hybrid 2D NMR and docking/QM/MM/MD approach. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3976-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Makatini MM, Petzold K, Sriharsha SN, Soliman MES, Honarparvar B, Arvidsson PI, Sayed Y, Govender P, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG, Govender T. Pentacycloundecane-based inhibitors of wild-type C-South African HIV-protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2274-7. [PMID: 21429747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present the first account of pentacycloundecane (PCU) peptide based HIV-protease inhibitors. The inhibitor exhibiting the highest activity made use of a natural HIV-protease substrate peptide sequence, that is, attached to the cage (PCU-EAIS). This compound showed nanomolar IC(50) activity against the resistance-prone wild type C-South African HIV-protease (C-SA) catalytic site via a norstatine type functional group of the PCU hydroxy lactam. NMR was employed to determine a logical correlation between the inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) results and the 3D structure of the corresponding inhibitors in solution. NMR investigations indicated that the activity is related to the chirality of the PCU moiety and its ability to induce conformations of the coupled peptide side chain. The results from docking experiments coincided with the experimental observed activities. These findings open up useful applications for this family of cage peptide inhibitors, considering the vast number of alternative disease related proteases that exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Makatini
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Onajole OK, Makatini MM, Govender P, Govender T, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG. Synthesis and NMR assignment of pentacycloundecane precursors of potential pharmaceutical agents. Magn Reson Chem 2010; 48:249-255. [PMID: 20084637 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and complete NMR elucidation of eight novel pentacycloundecane (PCU) derivatives are reported. These compounds are precursors in the synthesis of PCU-based anti-tuberculosis (TB) agents and potential human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors. Two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques were used to assign the NMR spectra for these compounds. Substitution of the cage molecule at (C-8/11) further complicates the assignment, since some of the substituted alkyl chain groups overlap with the cage proton signals. The side chain heteroatoms also introduce a rare through-space deshielding effect to some of the carbon atoms of the cage skeleton. Ring strain in the rigid cage skeleton appears to induce drastic electronic changes in some parts of the cage framework. This observation is more dramatic for the C-4 methylene group of the cage diols and the cage ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseye K Onajole
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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