1
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Haslam P, McCafferty I, Lakshminarayan R, Kasthuri R, Johnston M, Hamady M. Physician associates in interventional radiology: a worrying paradigm. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:161-162. [PMID: 38142139 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Haslam
- Interventional Radiology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - I McCafferty
- Interventional Radiology, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Lakshminarayan
- Interventional Radiology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - R Kasthuri
- Interventional Radiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Johnston
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School and University Hospitals, Sussex, UK
| | - M Hamady
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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2
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Hubbard G, Allison T, Beattie M, Chandler J, Dixon D, Dryden J, Evans J, Fry R, Johnston M, Maier M, McConnachie E, Pettis E, Stephenson L, den Daas C. How fast is fast enough? Academic behavioural science impacting public health policy and practice. Public Health 2023; 225:e1-e2. [PMID: 37926579 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Hubbard
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - T Allison
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - M Beattie
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | - J Chandler
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - D Dixon
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Dryden
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - J Evans
- Public Health, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R Fry
- Communications and Engagement, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - M Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Maier
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - E Pettis
- Corporate Communications, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Stephenson
- Public Health and Policy, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - C den Daas
- Health Psychology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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3
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McCall KC, Liu M, Cheng SC, Abbott A, Dubey S, Young D, Johnston M, Van den Abbeele AD, Overmoyer B, Jacene H. Report on the PET/CT Image-Based Radiation Dosimetry of [ 18F]FDHT in Women, a Validated Imaging Agent with New Applications for Evaluation of Androgen Receptor Status in Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med Technol 2023; 51:204-210. [PMID: 37316304 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.123.265623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In a prospective clinical trial, [18F]fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone ([18F]FDHT), the radiolabeled analog of the androgen dihydrotestosterone, was used as a PET/CT imaging agent for in vivo assessment of metastatic androgen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, this article presents the first report of PET/CT image-based radiation dosimetry of [18F]FDHT in women. Methods: [18F]FDHT PET/CT imaging was performed on a cohort of 11 women at baseline before the start of therapy and at 2 additional time points during selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) therapy for androgen receptor-positive breast cancer. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were placed over the whole body and within source organs seen on the PET/CT images, and the time-integrated activity coefficients of [18F]FDHT were derived. The time-integrated activity coefficients for the urinary bladder were calculated using the dynamic urinary bladder model in OLINDA/EXM software, with biologic half-life for urinary excretion derived from VOI measurements of the whole body in postvoid PET/CT images. The time-integrated activity coefficients for all other organs were calculated from VOI measurements in the organs and the physical half-life of 18F. Organ dose and effective dose calculations were then performed using MIRDcalc, version 1.1. Results: At baseline before SARM therapy, the effective dose for [18F]FDHT in women was calculated as 0.020 ± 0.0005 mSv/MBq, and the urinary bladder was the organ at risk, with an average absorbed dose of 0.074 ± 0.011 mGy/MBq. Statistically significant decreases in liver SUV or uptake of [18F]FDHT were found at the 2 additional time points on SARM therapy (linear mixed model, P < 0.05). Likewise, absorbed dose to the liver also decreased by a small but statistically significant amount at the 2 additional time points (linear mixed model, P < 0.05). Neighboring abdominal organs of the gallbladder wall, stomach, pancreas, and adrenals also showed statistically significant decreases in absorbed dose (linear mixed model, P < 0.05). The urinary bladder wall remained the organ at risk at all time points. Absorbed dose to the urinary bladder wall did not show statistically significant changes from baseline at any of the time points (linear mixed model, P ≥ 0.05). Effective dose also did not show statistically significant changes from baseline (linear mixed model, P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Effective dose for [18F]FDHT in women before SARM therapy was calculated as 0.020 ± 0.0005 mSv/MBq. The urinary bladder wall was the organ at risk, with an absorbed dose of 0.074 ± 0.011 mGy/MBq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha C McCall
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan;
| | - Mofei Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Su-Chun Cheng
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amanda Abbott
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shipra Dubey
- BiCOR, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Annick D Van den Abbeele
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Beth Overmoyer
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Jacene
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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4
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Ripa F, Massella V, Johnston M, Pietropaolo A, Somani B. Outcomes of medical and surgical paediatric cystine stones management: Results of a systematic review over 22 years. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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5
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Gao L, Giannousis P, Thoolen M, Kaushik D, Latham J, Tansy A, Ma J, Johnston M, Dali M, Golden L, Klein M, Kong R, Trimmer J. First-in-Human Studies of Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Utreloxastat (PTC857), a Novel 15-Lipooxygenase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:141-151. [PMID: 36516010 PMCID: PMC10107758 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Utreloxastat (PTC857) is a 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor being developed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This first-in-human study investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of utreloxastat in healthy volunteers (N = 82) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The effects of a single ascending dose (100-1000 mg), multiple ascending doses (150-500 mg), and food (500 mg) on the pharmacokinetics and safety of utreloxastat were evaluated. Following single doses, the time to maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) was observed ≈4 hours after dosing and the terminal half-life ranged from 20 to 25.3 hours. The Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased slightly over dose proportionally. Following multiple doses (once daily/twice daily), the apparent clearance reduced and terminal half-life was ≥33 hours. There was no apparent difference of exposure following morning or evening doses. Varying diets increased the Cmax and AUCs of utreloxastat but did not alter time to Cmax . There were no gender-based differences in exposure. Utreloxastat showed no marked safety signal following single doses up to 1000 mg and multiple doses over 14 days of 500 mg once daily or 250 mg twice daily. The results support further development of utreloxastat for the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at a 250-mg twice-daily dose administered with food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc.South PlainfieldNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | | | - Joey Latham
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc.South PlainfieldNew JerseyUSA
| | - Aaron Tansy
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc.South PlainfieldNew JerseyUSA
| | - Jiyuan Ma
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc.South PlainfieldNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Mandar Dali
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc.South PlainfieldNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lee Golden
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc.South PlainfieldNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Ronald Kong
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc.South PlainfieldNew JerseyUSA
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6
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Ripa F, Ong A, Massella V, Johnston M, Pietropaolo A, Somani B. Role of ureteroscopy and stone treatment in management of recurrent UTIs: Prospective outcomes over a 10-year period. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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7
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Manson D, Johnston M, Kent F. 205 Vascular Outcomes in TIA Patients. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To identify vascular outcomes in patients presenting with TIA
Method
We completed a closed loop audit at the University Hospital of Wales assessing vascular outcomes in TIA patients. We audited the first 100 patients with significant carotid ultrasound findings from January 1st, 2020, and then the first 75 patients with significant findings in the repeat study from July 1st, 2021. We assessed the time between symptom onset, referral, and consultation, whether that be geriatric or vascular, and the outcome of that consultation. If patients required surgical vascular intervention, we assessed whether this was conducted within the 14-day window outlined by national and international guidelines.
Results
We found that for a multitude of reasons, including delayed patient presentation and arduous referral processes, that patients with significant findings were not receiving vascular input within the 14-day window, let alone receive an operation. We suggested that a centralised vascular referral pathway and a consultant of the week would facilitate a more efficient TIA-vascular process, allowing for carotid endarerectomies to be performed within the internationally advised timeframe. The closed loop revealed that although patient presentation and referral times were obviously unaffected, that vascular consultations were occurring far more rapidly, as aided by the newly incorporated consultant of the week.
Conclusions
That a centralised departmental coordinator, and a consultant of the week delegated towards facilitating TIA referrals for potental carotid endarterecomy, was beneficial in terms of meeting standardised timeframes, but that more could be done to improve the service.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Kent
- UHW, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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8
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Morgan R, Cleveland T, Hamady M, Oberoi R, Haslam P, Kasthuri R, Johnston M, McCafferty I. Interventional radiology in the 21st century: planning for the future. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:865-869. [PMID: 34776043 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Morgan
- Department of Radiology, St George's University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - T Cleveland
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Hamady
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R Oberoi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - P Haslam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - R Kasthuri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Greater Glasgow & Clyde NHS, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Johnston
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Sussex and Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - I McCafferty
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham and Women's NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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9
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Lane J, Johnston M, Davies M. 356 An Unfortunate Case of Spinal Injury and Bladder Dysfunction During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
There is no doubt that COVID-19 has had a profound impact on every medical and surgical speciality. In the height of the pandemic many non-emergency services were shut down, including dental services, with unexpected consequences. We present a case which highlights the unexpected and indirect consequences of a national lockdown on a Urology patient and discuss learning points.
A 54-year-old male, previously fit and well suffered with a small dental abscess, media outlets were reporting that dental surgeries were closed, and he therefore attempted to drain the abscess himself. The infection spread to his epidural space, causing compression via a collection at L2 and consequently spinal cord injury. This was managed with urgent lumbar decompression and antibiotics.
A specialist functional urology team were involved after his transfer to the tertiary spinal unit 3 months after his first presentation. He was catheterised but suffered with recurrent catheter blockages. Video urodynamics demonstrated a stable bladder with a low-pressure leak point, managed with urethral catheterisation. A repeat video urodynamics demonstrated a loss of compliance and stress incontinence. Unclear as to whether he would regain function rehabilitation techniques are currently being attempted prior for definitive operative management with an artificial sphincter.
This case highlights the indirect impact of COVID-19 on UK urology services, and this has not been widely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lane
- Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - M Johnston
- Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - M Davies
- Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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10
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Johnston M, Majkowska A, Ahmad M, Kamaledeen S, New F, Beckett D, Bent C, Turner K, Hanna L. 324 Outcomes of Prostate Artery Embolisation In Catheterised Patients: A Case Series. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Prostate artery embolisation (PAE) is an approved treatment for men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-LUTS). Evidence of efficacy for PAE in patients who are unable to void urine spontaneously is scant, however. Traditional treatments for BPH-LUTS have evidence in retention patients and this series aims to report outcomes for PAE in catheterised patients.
Method
The records of consecutive men with BPH-LUTS which required either an indwelling bladder catheter or clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) who subsequently underwent PAE were retrospectively reviewed. Basic demographics were collected along with information on the prostate volume and PAE procedure specifics. The primary outcome was whether patients were catheter/CISC free at 3 months. Other outcomes include complications, use of medications and the need for other surgical treatments post-PAE.
Results
63 men underwent PAE for urinary retention and BPH-LUTS between 2013 and 2020. Of these, 7 underwent a unilateral embolisation for aberrant anatomy. The mean prostate volume was 128ml. 61% of men were free from a catheter/CISC post-treatment. 4 patients suffered post-PAE UTI, whilst 3 patients subsequently underwent Transurethral Resection of the Prostate following PAE for failure to become catheter free. 13 men were entirely free from BPH-LUTS medications.
Conclusions
PAE for catheterised men results in a similar catheter-free rate post procedure to several more invasive BPH treatments. It has a low side-effect profile and gives men with poor health an option to try to become catheter free. PAE should be discussed with men with catheters as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - A Majkowska
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - M Ahmad
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - S Kamaledeen
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - F New
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - D Beckett
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - C Bent
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - K Turner
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - L Hanna
- Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
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11
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Jacene HA, Liu M, Cheng SC, Abbott A, Dubey S, McCall K, Young D, Johnston M, Van den Abbeele AD, Overmoyer B. Imaging Androgen Receptors in Breast Cancer with 18F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone-PET: A Pilot Study. J Nucl Med 2021; 63:22-28. [PMID: 34049982 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.262068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancers express androgen receptors (AR). This prospective imaging sub-study explored imaging AR with 18F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT)-PET in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) receiving selective AR modulation (SARM) therapy (GTx-024, GTx, Inc). Methods: 11 post-menopausal women with estrogen receptor positive MBC underwent FDHT-PET/CT at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks after starting SARM therapy. Abnormal tumor FDHT uptake was quantified using maximum SUV (SUVmax). AR status was determined from tumor biopsy specimens. FDHT-SUVmax percent change between scans was calculated. Best overall response was categorized as clinical benefit (CB: non-progressive disease [PD]), or PD using RECIST 1.1. Results: Median baseline FDHT-SUVmax was 4.1 (range 1.4-5.9) for AR+ tumors versus 2.3 (range 1.5-3.2) for AR- tumors (p=0.22). Quantitative AR expression and baseline FDHT uptake were weakly correlated (Pearson rho=0.39, p=0.30). Seven participants with CB at 12 weeks tended to have larger declines in FDHT uptake compared to those with PD at both 6 (median decline, range: -26.8%, -42.9 to -14.1% vs. -3.7%, -31% to +29%, respectively, p=0.11) and 12 weeks (median decline, range: -35.7%, -69.5 to -7.7% vs. -20.1%, -26.6% to +56.5%, respectively, p=0.17) after starting GTx-024. Conclusion: This hypothesis-generating data suggests that FDHT-PET/CT is worth further study as an imaging biomarker for evaluating response of MBC to SARM therapy and reiterates the feasibility of including molecular imaging in multidisciplinary therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mofei Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, United States
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12
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Johnston M, Black C, Mercer SW, Prescott GJ, Crilly M. The association between secondary care multimorbidity in mid-life and premature mortality. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity (MM) is the co-existence of two or more health conditions. Whilst its prevalence is higher in older adults, in absolute numbers there are more multimorbid young people. Recently, the trends for increasing life expectancy observed in high income countries have stalled or reversed. The relationship between MM and premature mortality requires exploration. We assessed the prevalence of secondary care MM in mid-life and its association with premature mortality in the Scottish Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.
Methods
Prospective cohort study. ACONF members were linked to electronic hospital records and mortality records. Secondary care MM was assessed using hospital records in 2001 when participants were aged 45-51 years. The association between MM and mortality over 15 years (to age 60-66 years) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. There was adjustment for key covariates: age, gender, social class at birth, childhood intelligence, educational attainment, alcohol, smoking, body mass index and adult social class.
Results
Of 9,625 participants (51% male), 3% had MM. Higher childhood intelligence and adult social class were associated with reduced MM. In relation to the reference group (no MM), those with MM had a mortality hazard ratio of 4.5 (95% CI 3.4-6.0) over 15 years. The association remained when adjusted for the covariates (2.5 [95% CI 1.5-4.0]).
Conclusions
Secondary care MM prevalence was 3% in mid-life and associated with premature mortality. Younger adults with MM are an important group at risk of premature mortality which should be the focus of public health action. This includes reducing the impact of social inequality and reconfiguring secondary care services to offer comprehensive management of younger multimorbid adults.
Key messages
Multimorbidity in mid-life is associated with premature mortality and may be an important influence on reducing life expectancy trends. Much focus is upon multimorbidity in older adults, however younger adults with multimorbidity are at risk of premature mortality, requiring public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S W Mercer
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - G J Prescott
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - M Crilly
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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13
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Khezrian M, Murray AD, McNeil C, Johnston M, Myint PK. The epidemiology of polypharmacy in a large cohort with linked health records in Scotland. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our understanding of the potential harm of taking multiple medications in older, multi-morbid populations is limited. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and its association with hospitalisation in a large cohort with linked health data.
Methods
Prescription data and hospital admission records of the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) Cohort were extracted from the National Health Services Scotland database and linked from 2011-2016. We estimated polypharmacy by measuring monthly drug exposure for 1) total number of prescribed medications and 2) total number of defined daily doses (DDDs). Cox proportional hazard models (adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic circumstances and health conditions) were used to examine the association of polypharmacy and hospitalisation.
Results
Prescription records were linked for 8,713 cohort members. Mean age at baseline was 58.5 years (SD = 1.5) and 50% were female. 1,994 individuals (23%) had at least one health condition and 8% of population had multimorbidity. The proportion of cohort with polypharmacy assessed using taking 5+ medications and taking 5+ DDDs at baseline were 12.7% (female=12.6% vs male=12.7%, P = 0.179), and 15.5% (female=13.8% vs male=17.1%, P < 0.001) respectively. Of all the cohort, 4,365 admitted to hospital (mean follow-up of 3.5 years, total 30,269 person-years). Adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalisation were 1.51 (95 % CI 1.39,1.64, P < 0.001) for polypharmacy measured by number of medications and 1.40 (95 % CI 1.29,1.51 P < 0.001) for polypharmacy estimated by number of daily doses.
Conclusions
Polypharmacy is independently associated with increased risk of hospitalisation. This association could signify polypharmacy as a risk factor and a marker of poor outcome. Data linkage can generate evidence-based information for future policy and health services to improve polypharmacy measurement and management.
Key messages
Data linkage is a cost effective and contemporary return on the investment in data collection and research in public health. Improvement in evidence to better understand the relationship between polypharmacy and health outcomes should be a priority to optimise treatment in older people with various chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C McNeil
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - P K Myint
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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14
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Johnston M, Butler J, Clark H, Locock L, Murray AD, Robertson L, Hannaford P, Iversen L, Skea Z, Black C. Co-design of data collection with participants of the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort comprises 12,150 people born in Scotland in the 50s. It contains rich early life data, questionnaire data from mid-life and linked electronic health records. Involving participants in designing future data collection is key to ensure research is acceptable and reflects public priorities.
Aim
Gather ACONF members views to inform how to: research healthy ageing, optimise recruitment and maximise participation.
Methods
3 co-design workshops with 30 ACONF members. A discussion was led by a facilitator using guidance questions developed by the study team. Workshops were recorded and transcribed.
Results
Participants viewed healthy ageing as keeping socially and physically active, taking responsibility for oneself and having a positive attitude to ageing. Research priorities were dementia, improvements in the social care system and engaging hard-to-reach groups. Members were keen for future research involvement. Recruitment may be maximised by: more information online, involving participants in recruiting other study members and clarity about potential benefits to themselves or others. It was acceptable to ask their offspring to participate. There were high levels of trust in researchers, but ongoing data protection is vital. Participation may be improved by regular contact (informing members of results, engagement events, phone “apps”). Participants viewed various data collection methods (questionnaires, applications, wearable devices, in-person tests, DNA collection and electronic record linkage) as acceptable.
Conclusions
Participant involvement is a fundamental part of securing a social license for research. Participants were in favour of ongoing research, including recruitment of their children. The workshops highlighted key considerations for future research and data collection.
Key messages
Co-design is vital for highlighting research topics which are important and relevant to the general population. Co-design can highlight strategies for maximising research participation and securing a social license for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Butler
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Clark
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Locock
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A D Murray
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Robertson
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - P Hannaford
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Iversen
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Z Skea
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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15
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Johnston M, Black C, Mercer SW. The association between psychological distress in mid-life and hospital-based multimorbidity. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mental ill-health is common with significant impact on individuals and services. Using healthcare records to identify poor mental health missed individuals who do not seek healthcare treatment. A screening questionnaire (General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)) can detect psychological distress. However, before considering implementing such a screening tool, we need to understand if it detects those at high risk of experiencing poorer outcomes. Hospital-based multimorbidity is a rising healthcare challenge. The aim was to assess the prevalence of psychological distress in mid-life and its influence on hospital-based multimorbidity by older age in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.
Methods
Prospective cohort study using ACONF. GHQ-4 was measured in mid-life from questionnaire. Multimorbidity (2 or more co-existing conditions) was measured using linked hospital records in older age (15 years after the questionnaire). The relationship between psychological distress (GHQ-4 score of 1 or more) and multimorbidity was assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for key life-course variables.
Results
Of 5,839 individuals (48% male, mean age 48), psychological distress prevalence was 20% and was associated with being female, lower childhood cognition, lower educational attainment, lower adult social class, unemployment, higher adult body mass index, smoking and alcohol misuse. In comparison to the asymptomatic reference group, the odds ratio for multimorbidity in older age in those with psychological distress was 2.2 (95% CI 1.8-2.7) in the unadjusted model. In the adjusted model this was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8).
Conclusions
1 in 5 individuals in the general population in mid-life had psychological distress. This was associated with hospital-based multimorbidity by older age. Intervening early could reduce costs to both individuals and healthcare services. The next step is research of the cost-effectiveness of population screening for psychological distress.
Key messages
Psychological distress in mid-life is associated with hospital-based multimorbidity by older age. Screening for psychological distress early in life should be explored as an intervention to reduce costs to individuals and healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Johnston
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S W Mercer
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Flannigan KL, Johnston M, Erickson SL, Nieves K, Jijon H, Gallo M, McCoy K, Hirota SA. A14 GUT-RESIDING BACTERIA CAN SHAPE HOST DRUG METABOLISM IN THE SMALL INTESTINE THROUGH AN INNATE LYMPHOID CELL-IL-22 DRIVEN AXIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz047.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The ability of the intestinal microbiota to influence drug metabolism has been recognized, however the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unexplored. Recent work in germ-free mice showed that conventionalization with specific pathogen free (SPF) microbiota influences the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver and small intestine (SI), two important sites of drug metabolism. Given that CYP enzymes, including CYP3A11 in mice, account for roughly 70% of total drug metabolism, we hypothesized that commensal gut bacteria can shape the CYP landscape to influence drug metabolism and therapeutic outcomes.
Aims
To investigate the role of specific gut-residing microbes in shaping the expression and activity of host drug metabolism enzymes.
Methods
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-free mice were obtained from Jackson Lab (Jax) and colonized with feces from SFB-mono-associated mice via oral gavage. 14 days later, expression of drug metabolism enzymes in the SI were probed using PCR arrays, and lamina propria cells isolated for flow cytometry. A monoclonal antibody for Thy1.2 was used to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in RAG1-/- mice (lacking T- and B-cells). CYP3A11 activity was determined through the colorimetric breakdown of the CYP3A11-specific substrate 7-benzyloxyresorufin. SI organoids were generated from mice and humans, and treated with IL-22 to further assess the dynamics of CYP3A11/CYP3A4 expression and activity.
Results
Colonization of Jax mice with immunomodulatory SFB altered the expression of various CYP enzymes in the SI (but not liver), with Cyp3a11 being the most downregulated gene. Further analysis showed that SFB-induced IL-22 production by type 3 ILCs (ILC3) correlated with reduced SI Cyp3a11 expression. Additionally, SFB colonization had no effect on the expression of Cyp3a11 in the SI of mice in which ILCs were depleted. Both SFB colonization and administration of IL-23, to induce IL-22 from ILC3, increased the ability of the CYP3A11-metabolized drug glyburide to decrease blood glucose levels when given orally. In mouse SI enteroid cultures, IL-22 dose-dependently reduced the expression of Cyp3a11 and decreased the ability of enteroids to metabolize CYP3A11-specific substrates. Finally, IL-22 induced wide changes in the transcriptome of human SI enteroids, with substantial effects on a drug metabolism pathway centred around CYP3A.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that a gut-resident microbe (SFB) can influence the expression and activity of the drug metabolising enzyme CYP3A11 in the SI through an ILC3-IL-22 dependent mechanism. These findings provide an understanding of how the intestinal microbiota may modulate host drug metabolism to influence the efficacy and toxicity of various pharmaceutical compounds.
Funding Agencies
CAG, CIHRAbbvie, Lloyd Sutherland Investigatorship
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Johnston
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S L Erickson
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Nieves
- Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Jijon
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Gallo
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K McCoy
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S A Hirota
- Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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17
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Algar D, Johnston M, Tiller C, Onus M, Fletcher J, Desmond G, Hamilton N, Speldewinde P. Feral cat eradication on Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Endenburg
- Division Human‐Animal Relations Department of Animals in Science and Society Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Nicholson SL, Greig CA, Sniehotta F, Johnston M, Lewis SJ, McMurdo ME, Johnston D, Scopes J, Mead GE. Quantitative data analysis of perceived barriers and motivators to physical activity in stroke survivors. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2019; 47:231-236. [PMID: 29465097 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2017.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of physical activity after stroke are low, despite multiple health benefits. We explored stroke survivors' perceived barriers, motivators, self-efficacy and intention to physical activity. METHODS Fifty independently mobile stroke survivors were recruited prior to hospital discharge. Participants rated nine possible motivators and four possible barriers based on the Mutrie Scale, as having 'no influence', 'some influence' or 'a major influence' on physical activity. Participants also rated their self-efficacy and intention to increasing walking. RESULTS The most common motivator was 'physical activity is good for health' [34 (68%)]. The most common barrier was 'feeling too tired' [24 (48%)]. Intention and self-efficacy were high. Self-efficacy was graded as either 4 or 5 (highly confident) on a five-point scale by [34 (68%)] participants, while 42 (84%) 'strongly agreed' or 'agreed' that they intended to increase their walking. CONCLUSION Participants felt capable of increasing physical activity but fatigue was often perceived as a barrier to physical activity. This needs to be considered when encouraging stroke survivors to be more active.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Nicholson
- S Nicholson, Physical Activity for Health, Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, St Leonards Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh EH8 9JX, UK.
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20
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Murchie P, Masthoff J, Walter FM, Rahman K, Allan JL, Burrows N, Proby C, Lee AJ, Johnston M, Durrani A, Depasquale I, Brant B, Neilson A, Meredith F, Treweek S, Hall S, McDonald A. Achieving Self-Directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) in melanoma: protocol for a randomised patient-focused pilot trial of delivering the ASICA intervention as a means to earlier detection of recurrent and second primary melanoma. Trials 2019; 20:318. [PMID: 31159849 PMCID: PMC6547590 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is common; 15,906 people in the UK were diagnosed with melanoma in 2015 and incidence has increased fivefold in 30 years. Melanoma affects old and young people, with poor prognosis once metastatic. UK guidelines recommend people treated for cutaneous melanoma receive extended outpatient, hospital follow up to detect recurrence or new primaries. Such follow up of the growing population of melanoma survivors is burdensome for both individuals and health services. Follow up is important since approximately 20% of patients with early-stage melanoma experience a recurrence and 4-8% develop a new primary; the risk of either is highest in the first 5 years. Achieving Self-directed Integrated Cancer Aftercare (ASICA) is a digital intervention to increase total-skin-self-examination (TSSE) by people treated for melanoma, with usual follow up. METHODS We aim to recruit 240 adults with a previous first-stage 0-2C primary cutaneous melanoma, from secondary care in North-East Scotland and the East of England. Participants will be randomised to receive the ASICA intervention (a tablet-based digital intervention to prompt and support TSSE) or control group (treatment as usual). Patient-reported and clinical data will be collected at baseline, including the modified Melanoma Worry Scale (MWS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs), the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5 L), and questions about TSSE practice, intentions, self-efficacy and planning. Participants will be followed up by postal questionnaire at 3, 6 and 12 months following randomization, along with a 12-month review of clinical data. The primary timepoint for outcome analyses will be12 months after randomisation. DISCUSSION If the ASICA intervention improves the practice of TSSE in those affected by melanoma, this may lead to improved psychological well-being and earlier detection of recurrent and new primary melanoma. This could impact both patients and National Health Service (NHS) resources. This study will determine if a full-scale randomised controlled trial can be undertaken in the UK NHS to provide the high-quality evidence needed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. ASICA is a pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of the practice of digitally supported TSSE in those affected by melanoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03328247 . Registered on 1 November 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Murchie
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - J. Masthoff
- Department of Computing Science, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, King’s College, Aberdeeen, AB24 3UE UK
| | - F. M. Walter
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8SR UK
| | - K. Rahman
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - J. L. Allan
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - N. Burrows
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - C. Proby
- University of Dundee, Division of Cancer Research, James Arrott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - A. J. Lee
- Medical Statistics Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - M. Johnston
- Health Psychology Group, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. Durrani
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - I. Depasquale
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - B. Brant
- NHS Grampian, Dr Gray’s Hospital, Elgin, IV30 1SN UK
| | - A. Neilson
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - F. Meredith
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN UK
| | - S. Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - S. Hall
- Academic Primary Care Research Group, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. McDonald
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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21
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Young A, Johnston M. IN MEMORIAM. Lymphology 2019. [DOI: 10.2458/lymph.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
John (Jack) B. Hay, PhDDecember 24, 1942 - February 25, 2019Lymphoimmunologist and Mentor Extraordinaire
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Chen-Turner C, Johnston M. 36THE APPROPRIATENESS OF LIDOCAINE PATCH CLINICAL USE AT THE ROYAL LIVERPOOL AND BROADGREEN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy211.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen-Turner
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - M Johnston
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust
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23
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Davis L, Coverdale L, Johnston M, Prentice N. Is There Seasonal Variation in the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation? Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Miller C, Sasaki K, Steller C, Johnston M. Safety and Feasibility of a Novel, Surgeon Designed Method for Contained, Power Morcellation. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Turner J, Pond G, Tremblay A, Johnston M, Goss G, Nicholas G, Martel S, Bhatia R, Liu G, Schmidt H, Tammemagi M, Puksa S, Atkar-Khattra S, Tsao M, Lam S, Goffin J. P2.11-23 Risk Perception Among a Lung Cancer Screening Population. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Xu Z, Castonguay M, Greer W, Alwithenani A, Bethune D, Drucker A, Flowerdew G, Forsythe M, French D, Henteleff H, Johnston M, Macneil M, Morzycki W, Plourde M, Snow S, Surette A. MA09.10 Molecular Profiling and PD-L1 Status in 900 Cases of Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Clinical and Pathological Correlation. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Long AA, Ginsberg JS, Brill-Edwards P, Johnston M, Turner C, Denburg JA, Bensen WG, Cividino A, Andrew M, Hirsh J. The Relationship of Antiphospholipid Antibodies to Thromboembolic Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn order to determine whether an association exists between antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) and thromboembolic events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we performed a cross-sectional study of consecutive unselected SLE patients. The occurrence of previous thromboembolic events was determined by investigators blinded to the APLA status of the patients by critical review of objective tests that had been performed at the time of symptomatic presentation and by performing venous Doppler ultrasound of the legs to elicit venous reflux as an indication of previous venous thrombosis. The presence of APLA was determined by coagulation assays for the lupus anticoagulant (LA) using five tests with well-defined control ranges and by ELISA assay for anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLA). These tests were measured on two separate occasions. The results of the study demonstrate a statistically significant association between persistently abnormal ACLA assays and thromboembolic events and a non-significant trend between persistently abnormal LA and thromboembolic events. Transient abnormalities of LA and ACLA were less strongly associated with thromboembolic events. We conclude that in patients with SLE, there is a significant association between thromboembolism and APLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Long
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J S Ginsberg
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - P Brill-Edwards
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Johnston
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C Turner
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J A Denburg
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W G Bensen
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - A Cividino
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Andrew
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J Hirsh
- The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Crowther MA, Johnston M, Weitz J, Ginsberg JS. Free Protein S Deficiency May Be Found in Patients with Antiphospholipid Antibodies who Do not Have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1650644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn order to determine if there is a relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies and reduced free protein S levels, we evaluated 21 patients who had an antiphospholipid antibody but had neither a history of venous thromboembolism nor systemic lupus erythematosus (cases) and 55 matched controls, who did not have an antiphospholipid antibody, a history of thrombosis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Cases and controls had similar protein C and antithrombin levels. Six of 21 cases had reduced free protein S antigen levels, compared to 5 of 55 controls (x
2 = 5.823 p <0.025). In addition, the mean free protein S level was significantly lower in cases than in controls (0.30 ± 0.09 units vs 0.39 ± 0.13 units, p <0.01, two-tailed Student’s t-test). We conclude that antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with a significant decrease in free protein S levels, and that this acquired free protein S deficiency may contribute to the thrombotic diathesis seen in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Crowther
- The Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Johnston
- The Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Weitz
- The Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J S Ginsberg
- The Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Hoffmann T, Glasziou P, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, Altman D, Barbour V, Macdonald H, Johnston M, Lamb S, Dixon-Woods M, McCulloch P, Wyatt J, Chan AW, Michie S. Die TIDieR Checkliste und Anleitung – ein Instrument für eine verbesserte Interventionsbeschreibung und Replikation. Gesundheitswesen 2018; 78:e174. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Hoffmann
- Centre for Research in Evidence Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia, 4229
| | - P. Glasziou
- Centre for Research in Evidence Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia, 4229
| | - I. Boutron
- INSERMU738, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R. Milne
- Wessex Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R. Perera
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - D. Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D. Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - M. Johnston
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S. Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Dixon-Woods
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - P. McCulloch
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J. Wyatt
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A.-W. Chan
- Women’s College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S. Michie
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Houbouyan-Reveillard LL, Aillaud MF, Denson KWE, Droullé C, Johnston M, Kitchen S, Lindahl TL, Marren M, Martinuzzo ME, Tripodi A, Vergnes C, van den Besselaar AMHP. Multicenter Evaluation of Lyophilized and Deep-frozen Plasmas for Assignment of the International Normalized Ratio. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe interlaboratory variation of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) in various external quality assessment schemes is still relatively high. This is partly caused by inaccuracy of manufacturers’ stated International Sensitivity Index (ISI) and/or local instrumentation effects. The interlaboratory variation and accuracy of INR determinations may be improved by a local calibration procedure based on lyophilized plasmas with assigned INRs. The purpose of the present study was to determine INR values for different types of lyophilized plasmas to be used for local calibration. A total of 13 lyophilized plasmas (one normal, six from coumarin-treated patients, six artificially depleted) were analyzed by 10 laboratories, each using five calibrated prothrombin time (PT) systems. INRs were calculated for each plasma using each laboratory’s specific ISI and mean normal prothrombin time values. In the same way, five deep-frozen pooled plasmas from coumarin-treated patients were analyzed. There were significant INR differences for the lyophilized plasmas between the prothrombin time systems. The differences were relatively small for the deep-frozen coumarin plasmas (CV 2.6-3.3%) and three lyophilized coumarin plasmas from one manufacturer (CV 3.7-4.8%). Important INR differences were observed for three lyophilized coumarin plasmas from another manufacturer (CV 9.5-14.1%) and several artificially depleted plasmas (CV 5.3-12.8%). The citrate concentrations in the artificially depleted plasmas were lower than those in the normal and coumarin plasmas. These differences should be considered in the selection and certification of plasmas as calibrants for local calibration of PT systems. The lyophilized plasmas’ INR values obtained in the present study will be used for a field study of local PT calibration to assess their efficacy.
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Houbouyan LL, Aillaud MF, Denson KWE, Johnston M, Kitchen S, Lindahl TL, Marren M, Martinuzzo ME, Droullé C, Tripodi A, Vergnes C, Besselaar AMHP. Influence of Three Types of Automated Coagulometers on the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of Rabbit, Human, and Recombinant Human Tissue Factor Preparations. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFive tissue factor reagents and three types of automated instruments for prothrombin time (PT) determination were studied in an international multicenter collaborative exercise. The purpose of this work was to determine the international sensitivity index (ISI) for each combination of reagent and instrument against the international reference preparation RBT/90. Each type of instrument was used by 3 or 4 centers to assess the interlaboratory variation of the ISI. The interlaboratory variation of the ISI for each combination of reagent and instrument ranged between 0.4% and 7.8% coefficient of variation. For three reagents, the mean ISI values for ACL (nephelometric) and STA (mechanical) were practically identical, but the mean ISI values for MLA (photo-optical) were at least 10% higher. For two other reagents prepared from rabbit tissue, the mean ISI values increased in the order ACL, STA, MLA. The widest range of mean ISI values was noted with one rabbit tissue factor reagent: 1.68 for ACL and 2.00 for MLA. Exclusion of patient specimens with INR <1.5 and INR >4.5 determined by the international reference preparation resulted in a slight decrease of the mean ISI.The interlaboratory variation of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) was assessed from the results obtained with common lyophilized and deep-frozen plasmas. The use of instrument-specific ISI values resulted in reduced interlaboratory variation of the INR. It is recommended that thromboplastin manufacturers provide instrument-specific ISI values.
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Pucher P, Whitby J, Johnston M, Archer S, Darzi A, Arora S. Informed Consent for Surgical Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient Preferences. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Johnston M. HIE and neuroprotection. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Amararathna D, Hoskin D, Johnston M, Rupasinghe H. P1.01-015 Polyphenols-Rich Fruit Extracts Prevent Tobacco Specific Nitrosamine-Induced DNA Damage in Lung Epithelial Cells. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hosny S, Johnston M, Pucher P, Erridge S, Darzi A. Modern paradigms in surgical training – An international qualitative study to determine factors affecting the implementation of simulation-based training programmes. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Objective: To assess the efficacy of motor imagery training for arm function in chronic stroke patients. The relation between mental processes such as attentional and perceived personal control over recovery, and motor imagery was additionally investigated. Design and subjects: Twenty patients with long-term motor impairments (mean two years post stroke), were assessed before and after four weeks of training. Ten patients mentally rehearsed movements with their affected arm. Their recovery was compared with patients who performed nonmotor imagery (n =5), or who were not engaged in mental rehearsal (n =5). Setting: Patients were recruited from the stroke database of Ninewells Hospital, Dundee. Assessment and training were performed at the patients' home. Interventions: The motor imagery group was asked to practise daily imagining moving tokens with their affected arm. The nonmotor imagery group rehearsed visual imagery of previously seen pictures. All patients practised physically moving the tokens. Main measures: The following variables were assessed before and after training: motor function (training task, pegboard and dynamometer), perceived locus of control, attention control and ADL independence. Results: All patient groups improved on all motor tasks except the dynamometer. Improvement was greater for the motor imagery group on the training task only (average of 14% versus 6%). No effect of motor imagery training was found on perceived or attentional control. Conclusions: Motor imagery training without supervision at home may improve performance on the trained task only. The relation between movement imagery, attention and perceived personal control over recovery remained unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Dijkerman
- Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Johnston M. Book Review: Management of Injuries in Children. Scott Med J 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003693309704200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jung Y, Johnston M, Liu H, Whitlow C. SU-G-IeP1-12: Size Selective Arterial Cerebral Blood Volume Mapping Using Multiple Inversion Time Arterial Spin Labeling. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Johnston M, Liu H, Whitlow C, Jung Y. WE-FG-206-05: New Arterial Spin Labeling Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Arterial Cerebral Blood Volume, Cerebral Blood Flow and Arterial Transit Time. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Crane JK, Kruschwitz B, Yang ST, Bowers M, Browning D, Budge T, Canning D, Chou J, Consentino A, Nicola JMD, Dixit S, Dorrer C, Erbert G, Hackel R, Heebner J, Hill E, Johnston M, Kelly J, Kwiatkowski J, Shaw M, Smith L, Wegner P, Zuegel J. Performance measurements on NIF beamlines for future experiments to support polar direct drive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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McConnell EM, Bolzon R, Mezin P, Frahm G, Johnston M, DeRosa MC. pHAST (pH-Driven Aptamer Switch for Thrombin) Catch-and-Release of Target Protein. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1493-9. [PMID: 27115292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A pH-driven DNA nanomachine based on the human α-thrombin binding aptamer was designed for the specific catch-and-release of human α-thrombin at neutral and acidic pH, respectively. In neutral conditions, the thrombin aptamer component of the nanomachine is exposed and exists in the G-quadruplex conformation required to bind to the target protein. At slightly acidic pH, the polyadenine tail of the nanomachine becomes partially protonated and A+(anti)•G(syn) mispairing results in a conformational change, causing the target protein to be released. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to monitor conformational switching over multiple pH cycles. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and fluorescence anisotropy were used to show pH dependent protein binding and release by the nanomachine. This approach could be applied generally to existing G-rich aptamers to develop novel biosensors, theranostics, and nanoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M McConnell
- Chemistry Department, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - R Bolzon
- Chemistry Department, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P Mezin
- Chemistry Department, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - G Frahm
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Health Canada , 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - M Johnston
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Health Canada , 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - M C DeRosa
- Chemistry Department, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, Altman DG, Barbour V, Macdonald H, Johnston M, Lamb SE, Dixon-Woods M, McCulloch P, Wyatt JC, Chan AW, Michie S. [Better Reporting of Interventions: Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) Checklist and Guide]. Gesundheitswesen 2016; 78:175-88. [PMID: 26824401 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Without a complete published description of interventions, clinicians and patients cannot reliably implement interventions that are shown to be useful, and other researchers cannot replicate or build on research findings. The quality of description of interventions in publications, however, is remarkably poor. To improve the completeness of reporting, and ultimately the replicability, of interventions, an international group of experts and stakeholders developed the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. The process involved a literature review for relevant checklists and research, a Delphi survey of an international panel of experts to guide item selection, and a face-to-face panel meeting. The resultant 12-item TIDieR checklist (brief name, why, what (materials), what (procedure), who intervened, how, where, when and how much, tailoring, modifications, how well (planned), how well (actually carried out)) is an extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement (item 5) and the SPIRIT 2013 statement (item 11). While the emphasis of the checklist is on trials, the guidance is intended to apply across all evaluative study designs. This paper presents the TIDieR checklist and guide, with a detailed explanation of each item, and examples of good reporting. The TIDieR checklist and guide should improve the reporting of interventions and make it easier for authors to structure the accounts of their interventions, reviewers and editors to assess the descriptions, and readers to use the information.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Hoffmann
- Centre for Research in Evidence Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia, 4229
| | - P P Glasziou
- Centre for Research in Evidence Based Practice, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Queensland, Australia, 4229
| | - I Boutron
- INSERMU738, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - R Milne
- Wessex Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R Perera
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - D Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D G Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - M Johnston
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S E Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Dixon-Woods
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - P McCulloch
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J C Wyatt
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A-W Chan
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Michie
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Bengsen AJ, Algar D, Ballard G, Buckmaster T, Comer S, Fleming PJS, Friend JA, Johnston M, McGregor H, Moseby K, Zewe F. Feral cat home-range size varies predictably with landscape productivity and population density. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Bengsen
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Biosecurity NSW; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Orange NSW Australia
| | - D. Algar
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Woodvale WA Australia
| | - G. Ballard
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Biosecurity NSW; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Armidale NSW Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
| | - T. Buckmaster
- Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre and Institute for Applied Ecology; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - S. Comer
- South Coast Region; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Albany WA Australia
| | - P. J. S. Fleming
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Biosecurity NSW; NSW Department of Primary Industries; Orange NSW Australia
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
| | - J. A. Friend
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Albany WA Australia
| | - M. Johnston
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Woodvale WA Australia
| | - H. McGregor
- Mornington Wildlife Sanctuary; Australian Wildlife Conservancy; Derby WA Australia
| | - K. Moseby
- Ecology and Environmental Science; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - F. Zewe
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences; University of New England; Armidale NSW Australia
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Paikin JS, Hirsh J, Ginsberg JS, Weitz JI, Chan NC, Whitlock RP, Pare G, Johnston M, Eikelboom JW. Multiple daily doses of acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) overcome reduced platelet response to once-daily ASA after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:448-56. [PMID: 25546465 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of ASA for prevention of graft failure following CABG surgery may be limited by incomplete platelet inhibition due to increased post-operative platelet turnover. OBJECTIVES To determine whether acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) 325 mg once-daily or 81 mg four-times daily overcomes the impaired response to ASA 81 mg once-daily in post-operative coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. METHODS We randomized 110 patients undergoing CABG surgery to either ASA 81 mg once-daily, 81 mg four times daily or 325 mg once-daily and compared their effects on serum thromboxane B2 (TXB2 ) suppression and arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation. RESULTS One hundred patients were included in the final analysis. Platelet counts fell after surgery, reached a nadir on day 2, and then gradually increased. Although there was near complete suppression of TXB2 on the second or third post-operative day, TXB2 levels increased in parallel with the rise in platelet count on subsequent days. This increase was most marked in patients receiving ASA 81 mg once-daily and less evident in those receiving ASA four times daily. On post-operative day 4, (i) median TXB2 levels were lower with four times daily ASA than with either ASA 81 mg once-daily (1.1 ng/mL; Quartile(Q) Q1,Q3: 0.5, 2.4 and 13.3 ng/mL; Q1,Q3: 7.8, 30.8 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001) or ASA 325 mg once-daily (3.4 ng/mL; Q1,Q3: 2.0, 8.2 ng/mL; P = 0.002), and (ii) ASA given four times daily was more effective than ASA 81 mg once-daily and 325 mg once-daily at suppressing platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Four times daily ASA is more effective than ASA 81 and 325 mg once-daily at suppressing serum TXB2 formation and platelet aggregation immediately following CABG surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Paikin
- Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Johnston M, Jordan SE, Charles AC. EHMTI-0316. Exam findings predict outcome of C1 block for migraine treatment. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4180181 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-d31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Dale BJ, Ginsberg JS, Johnston M, Hirsh J, Weitz JI, Eikelboom JW. Comparison of the effects of apixaban and rivaroxaban on prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times using various reagents. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1810-5. [PMID: 25196577 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical situations occur where expedient assessment of the anticoagulant activity of the direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors is required. Although quantitative anti-FXa (FXa) assays can be used to measure plasma levels of apixaban or rivaroxaban, turnaround is often slow and many laboratories do not perform these assays. OBJECTIVE We compared the in vitro effects of apixaban and rivaroxaban on two readily available laboratory tests, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), performed with different reagents. We aimed to identify the most sensitive reagents. METHODS Rivaroxaban or apixaban was added to human plasma at a range of concentrations covering expected peak and trough levels, and concentrations were confirmed using calibrated anti-FXa assays. Samples were assayed with six PT and seven APTT reagents using different coagulometers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS TriniCLOT PT Excel S was the only reagent to demonstrate sensitivity to apixaban. All of the PT reagents were sensitive to rivaroxaban with TriniCLOT PT Excel S and HemosIL HS PLUS being the most sensitive. Sensitivity to rivaroxaban varied among APTT reagents; four reagents exhibited the greatest responsiveness, and of these, Actin FSL was the most responsive. Commonly used coagulation tests may be useful for assessing the anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban but not of apixaban. The reason for the different effects of apixaban and rivaroxaban on the PT and APTT is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Dale
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Qureishi A, Khan T, Johnston M, Bommireddy R, Klezl Z. Otolaryngological complications of occipitocervical injury. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014; 96:e3-5. [PMID: 25350165 DOI: 10.1308/003588414x13946184902325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Occipitocervical injuries are rare, accounting for 15% of all fatal spinal trauma. In patients who survive the initial incident, early detection and appropriate management is vital to avoid significant neurological disability and mortality. We present the case of a patient with neck trauma who was initially cleared of spinal injuries in the emergency department but who later developed acute hearing loss. We describe how the investigation of the hearing loss led to the detection of this devastating injury and report its successful management. Patients with persistent neck pain following trauma, particularly in the presence of degenerative spinal disease, should have cervical spine computed tomography to exclude occipitocervical injuries and other occult injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Qureishi
- Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Johnston M, Black C, Burton C, Crilly M, Elliot A, Iversen L, Porteous T. PP23 The role of physical disease in the development of resilience and resilient outcomes: a systematic review of resilience definitions, study methods and findings. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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