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Gülhan R, Eryüksel E, Gülçebi İdriz Oğlu M, Çulpan Y, Toplu A, Kocakaya D, Tigen E, Ertürk Şengel B, Sili U, Olgun Yıldızeli Ş, Balcan MB, Elçi A, Bulut C, Karaalp A, Yananlı HR, Güner AE, Hatipoğlu M, Karakurt S, Korten V, Ratnaraj N, Patsalos P, Ay P, Onat F. Pharmacokinetic characterization of favipiravir in patients with COVID-19. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:3516-3522. [PMID: 35014080 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective observational study describes the pharmacokinetic characteristics of favipiravir in adult patients hospitalized for mild to moderate COVID-19 with a positive RT-PCR test. Favipiravir was administered for 5 days, with a loading dose of 3200 mg and a maintenance dose of 1200 mg/day. Serial blood samples were collected on Day-2 and Day-4 of the therapy. Laboratory findings of the patients (n=21) and in-hospital mortality were recorded. Favipiravir concentrations exhibited substantial variability and a significant decrease during the treatment of COVID-19. The median favipiravir trough concentration (C0-trough ) on Day-2 was 21.26 (IQR, 8.37-30.78) μg/mL whereas it decreased significantly to 1.61 (IQR, 0.00-6.41) μg/mL on Day-4, the area under the concentration versus time curve decreased by 68.5%. Day-2-C0-trough of female patients was higher than male patients. Our findings indicate that favipiravir concentrations show significant variability during the treatment of COVID-19 and therapeutic drug monitoring may be necessary to maintain targeted concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezzan Gülhan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Eryüksel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yekta Çulpan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Toplu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Kocakaya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Tigen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Ertürk Şengel
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uluhan Sili
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Baran Balcan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Elçi
- Istanbul Health Directorate Public Health Laboratory-3, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Bulut
- Istanbul Health Directorate Public Health Laboratory-3, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atila Karaalp
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Raci Yananlı
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Sait Karakurt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Volkan Korten
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neville Ratnaraj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Patsalos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pınar Ay
- Department of Public Health, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Onat
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yavuz M, Albayrak N, Özgür M, Gülçebi İdriz Oğlu M, Çavdar S, Onat F. The effect of prenatal and postnatal caffeine exposure on pentylentetrazole induced seizures in the non-epileptic and epileptic offsprings. Neurosci Lett 2019; 713:134504. [PMID: 31539618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant, has been reported to modulate seizure activity in various studies. In this study the effects of caffeine exposure on the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure thresholds and seizure stages in the Wistar and genetic absence epilepsy model offsprings were examined. Adult female and male Wistar rats and genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) consumed caffeine dissolved in water (0.3 g/L) before conception, during the gestational periods and lactation period whereas control groups of each strain received tap water. All offsprings at postnatal day 30 (PN30) subjected to 70 mg/kg of PTZ were evaluated in terms of overall seizure stages, the latency to the first generalized seizure and the c-Fos protein activity in the brain regions of somatosensorial cortex (SSCx), reticular thalamic nucleus (Rt), ventrobasal thalamus (VB), centromedial nucleus (CM) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The Wistar caffeine group had significantly shorter latency to the first generalized seizure (1.53 ± 0.49 min) comparing to the Wistar control offsprings (3.40 ± 0.68 min). GAERS caffeine group (6.52 ± 2.48 min) showed significantly longer latency comparing to Wistar caffeine group (1.53 ± 0.49 min). Although statistically not significant, GAERS caffeine group showed a longer latency comparing to the GAERS control group (4.71 ± 1.82 min). In all regions of SSCx, Rt, VB, CM and LGN, GAERS caffeine group had lower c-Fos protein expression comparing to the GAERS control group (p < 0.05). Wistar caffeine rats had lower expression of c-Fos protein comparing to the Wistar control group only in SSCx. In CM, GAERS rats expressed lower c-Fos protein comparing to the Wistar control (p < 0.05). In conclusion differential effects of caffeine in the seizure modulation may involve c-Fos protein activity-dependent protection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Yavuz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Albayrak
- School of Medicine, Acibadem M. A. Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Özgür
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Medine Gülçebi İdriz Oğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Epilepsy Research Centre (EPAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safiye Çavdar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Onat
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey; Epilepsy Research Centre (EPAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Onat F, Oğlu MGİ, Çavdar S. Thalamic branches of corticofugal axons from view of a critical eye and great mentor, Ray Guillery. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:964-968. [PMID: 29806968 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Onat
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Safiye Çavdar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gülçebi İdriz Oğlu M, Küçükibrahimoğlu E, Karaalp A, Sarikaya Ö, Demirkapu M, Onat F, Gören MZ. Potential drug-drug interactions in a medical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Turk J Med Sci 2016; 46:812-9. [PMID: 27513261 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1504-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can impact patient safety. Occurrence of clinically important DDIs is higher for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This observational study aimed to evaluate the potential DDIs in medical ICU patients of a university hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Medical Pharmacology Department organized consultation reports for ICU patients in order to detect the DDIs. To focus on clinically important DDIs, interactions in the C, D, or X risk rating categories of the Lexi-Interact online database were analyzed. Frequency and clinical risk rating categories of DDIs were detected. Relationship between number of prescriptions and DDIs were assessed. The most frequent drug/drug groups were identified. RESULTS Of 101 ICU patients, 45.5% were found to have DDIs. We detected 125 C (72.2%), 37 D (21.4%), and 11 X (6.4%) risk category interactions. A statistically significant increase in the number of DDIs was shown with the number of prescriptions (P = 0.002). The most frequent DDIs were between agents acting on the cardiovascular system and corticosteroids (12.8%). CONCLUSION Results of this study show that pharmacological consultation plays a critical role in the recognition of DDIs for improvement of medication management and effective therapeutic endpoints without any adverse or toxic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esra Küçükibrahimoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Atila Karaalp
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sarikaya
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahluga Demirkapu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Onat
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zafer Gören
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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