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Alonso Martinez LM, Naim N, Saiz AH, Simard JM, Boudjemeline M, Juneau D, DaSilva JN. A Reliable Production System of Large Quantities of [ 13N]Ammonia for Multiple Human Injections. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114517. [PMID: 37298995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
[13N]Ammonia is one of the most commonly used Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiotracers in humans to assess myocardial perfusion and measure myocardial blood flow. Here, we report a reliable semi-automated process to manufacture large quantities of [13N]ammonia in high purity by proton-irradiation of a 10 mM aqueous ethanol solution using an in-target process under aseptic conditions. Our simplified production system is based on two syringe driver units and an in-line anion-exchange purification for up to three consecutive productions of ~30 GBq (~800 mCi) (radiochemical yield = 69 ± 3% n.d.c) per day. The total manufacturing time, including purification, sterile filtration, reformulation, and quality control (QC) analyses performed before batch release, is approximately 11 min from the End of Bombardment (EOB). The drug product complies with FDA/USP specifications and is supplied in a multidose vial allowing for two doses per patient, two patients per batch (4 doses/batch) on two separate PET scanners simultaneously. After four years of use, this production system has proved to be easy to operate and maintain at low costs. Over the last four years, more than 1000 patients have been imaged using this simplified procedure, demonstrating its reliability for the routine production of large quantities of current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP)-compliant [13N]ammonia for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Michel Alonso Martinez
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Platform, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nabil Naim
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Platform, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alejandro Hernandez Saiz
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Platform, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - José-Mathieu Simard
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Platform, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Radiopharmaceutical Science Laboratory, CHU de Québec, 2250 Boul. Henri-Bourassa, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Platform, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Radiopharmaceutical Science Laboratory, CHU de Québec, 2250 Boul. Henri-Bourassa, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Daniel Juneau
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Platform, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, UdeM, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry S-716, 2900 Boul. Édouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Platform, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, UdeM, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry S-716, 2900 Boul. Édouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Teyssier VR, Tournoux F, Simard JM, Gaudette F, Boudjemeline M, Petrenyov DR, DaSilva JN. Novel O-[ 11C]-methylated derivatives of the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril: Radiosynthesis, autoradiography and plasma stability evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 102-103:34-44. [PMID: 34601168 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The O-[11C]methylated derivatives of the clinically used neprilysin inhibitor (NEPi) sacubitril ([11C]SacOMe, (2R,4S)-ethyl 5-([biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(4-[11C]methoxy-4-oxobutanamido)-2-methylpentanoate) and LBQ657 ([11C]MeOLBQ, (2R,4S)-5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-[(3-carboxypropionyl)amino]-2-methylpentanoic acid [11C]methyl ester and [11C]LBQOMe, (2R,4S)-5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-[(4-[11C]methoxy-4-oxobutanamido)]-2-methylpentanoic acid) were evaluated to determine their potential as PET imaging tracers and investigate the effect of such labeling esterification on neprilysin (NEP) binding. METHODS [11C]MeOLBQ, [11C]SacOMe and [11C]LBQOMe were synthesized by O-[11C]methylation using [11C]methyl triflate. Binding of these radiolabeled derivatives (5 nM) were assessed by autoradiography on rat neprilysin rich kidney slices with or without 10 μM NEPi (thiorphan or sacubitril) for 20 min at 37 °C. [11C]LBQOMe was further tested for binding selectivity in the presence of 10 μM of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi, captopril) or angiotensin II AT1 receptor blocker (AT1R, losartan). Radioligands were evaluated for their in vitro stability up to 20 min after incubation at 37 °C in rat and human plasma by reverse-phase column-switch HPLC. Non-radioactive SacOMe incubated in rat and human plasma was analyzed by HPLC-coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to confirm the metabolites' identity. [11C]SacOMe main labeled metabolite was further analyzed by HPLC after incubation in rat kidney slices at 37 °C. RESULTS The novel [11C]SacOMe and [11C]LBQOMe were produced in 32 ± 3% RCY and 15 ± 6% at EOS (decay-corrected from [11C]CO2, n = 3), high molar activity (407 ± 92 GBq/μmol and 260 ± 92 GBq/μmol), and high chemical (≥90%) and radiochemical (≥99%) purities in a total synthesis time of 31 and 34 min, respectively. High accumulation of [11C]SacOMe and [11C]LBQOMe in kidneys was completely blocked (>99.9%) by pre-incubation with NEPi, whereas [11C]MeOLBQ displayed negligible uptake in autoradiography studies. [11C]LBQOMe binding was not affected by saturating doses of losartan or captopril indicating binding selectivity for NEP. While [11C]SacOMe and [11C]LBQOMe were stable in human plasma (>92%) even after 20 min incubation at 37 °C, rat plasma analyses exhibited >95% biotransformation of [11C]SacOMe, 40% of [11C]LBQOMe and >80% loss of the 11C-methyl group of [11C]MeOLBQ after 5 min of incubation. Comparable results using the non-radioactive SacOMe were obtained by HPLC-HRMS. Radio-HPLC analysis of the extracted activity of rat kidney slices incubated with [11C]SacOMe demonstrated that >95% of the radioactive signal corresponded to [11C]LBQOMe as the main metabolite. CONCLUSION The desethyl active metabolite of [11C]SacOMe, [11C]LBQOMe, displayed stability in human plasma, binding selectivity for neprilysin over ACE or AT1R in rat kidney slices. Rapid plasmatic dealkylation at the 2-methylbutanoic acid position is in line with the necessity of incorporating the labeling group on oxobutanoic acid side in the strategy to develop a stable O-alkylated labeled derivative of sacubitril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin R Teyssier
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Institut de Génie Biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - François Tournoux
- Laboratoire de Recherche @CoeurLab, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Regroupement Cardio-vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montréal, Québec H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - José-Mathieu Simard
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fleur Gaudette
- Plateforme de Pharmacocinétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Daniil R Petrenyov
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- Laboratoire de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada; Institut de Génie Biomédical, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G. Desmarais, 2960 chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Département de Radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 boulevard Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Dornan MH, Petrenyov D, Simard JM, Boudjemeline M, Mititelu R, DaSilva JN, Belanger AP. Synthesis of a 11C-Isotopologue of the B-Raf-Selective Inhibitor Encorafenib Using In-Loop [ 11C]CO 2 Fixation. ACS Omega 2020; 5:20960-20966. [PMID: 32875231 PMCID: PMC7450646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase B-Raf is an essential regulator of cellular growth, differentiation, and survival. B-Raf protein expression is elevated throughout melanoma progression, making it an attractive target for noninvasive imaging using positron-emission tomography. Encorafenib is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of B-Raf used in the clinical management of melanoma. In this study, the radiosynthesis of a 11C-isotopologue of encorafenib was developed using an in-loop [11C]CO2 fixation reaction. Optimization of reaction conditions reduced the formation of a radiolabeled side product and improved the isolated yields of [11C]encorafenib (14.5 ± 2.4% radiochemical yield). The process was fully automated using a commercial radiosynthesizer for the production of 6845 ± 888 MBq of [11C]encorafenib in high molar activity (177 ± 5 GBq μmol-1), in high radiochemical purity (99%), and in a formulation suitable for animal injection. An in vitro cellular binding experiment demonstrated saturable binding of the radiotracer to A375 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Dornan
- Department
of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Daniil Petrenyov
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - José-Mathieu Simard
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Roxana Mititelu
- Division
of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean N. DaSilva
- Laboratoire
de Radiochimie et Cyclotron, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier
de l’Université de Montréal & Département
de Radiologie, radiooncologie et médecine nucléaire,
Faculté de médecine, Université
de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anthony P. Belanger
- Department
of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Singleton TA, Boudjemeline M, Hopewell R, Jolly D, Bdair H, Kostikov A. Solid Phase 11C-Methylation, Purification and Formulation for the Production of PET Tracers. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31710043 DOI: 10.3791/60237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine production of radiotracers used in positron emission tomography (PET) mostly relies on wet chemistry where the radioactive synthon reacts with a non-radioactive precursor in solution. This approach necessitates purification of the tracer by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by reformulation in a biocompatible solvent for human administration. We recently developed a novel 11C-methylation approach for the highly efficient synthesis of carbon-11 labeled PET radiopharmaceuticals, taking advantage of solid phase cartridges as disposable "3-in-1" units for the synthesis, purification and reformulation of the tracers. This approach obviates the use of preparative HPLC and reduces the losses of the tracer in transfer lines and due to radioactive decay. Furthermore, the cartridge-based technique improves synthesis reliability, simplifies the automation process and facilitates compliance with the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements. Here, we demonstrate this technique on the example of production of a PET tracer Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB), a gold standard in vivo imaging agent for amyloid plaques in the human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Singleton
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Robert Hopewell
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Dean Jolly
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Hussein Bdair
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University;
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Boudjemeline M, McNitt CD, Singleton TA, Popik VV, Kostikov AP. [ 18F]ODIBO: a prosthetic group for bioorthogonal radiolabeling of macromolecules via strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:363-366. [PMID: 29170778 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel prosthetic group for the efficient radiolabeling of macromolecules has been developed. [18F]oxadibenzocyclooctyne ([18F]ODIBO) is synthesized in high radiochemical yield and applied for nearly quantitative conjugation to azide-tagged peptides and proteins at room temperature and low substrate concentrations. The resulting bioconjugates are chemically and radiochemically pure and free of toxic solvents and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Boudjemeline
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Boudjemeline M, Hopewell R, Rochon PL, Jolly D, Hammami I, Villeneuve S, Kostikov A. Highly efficient solid phase supported radiosynthesis of [11
C]PiB using tC18 cartridge as a “3-in-1” production entity. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:632-638. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Boudjemeline
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Robert Hopewell
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Rochon
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Dean Jolly
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Iness Hammami
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychiatry; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- Montreal Neurological Institute; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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Diocou S, Volpe A, Jauregui-Osoro M, Boudjemeline M, Chuamsaamarkkee K, Man F, Blower PJ, Ng T, Mullen GED, Fruhwirth GO. [ 18F]tetrafluoroborate-PET/CT enables sensitive tumor and metastasis in vivo imaging in a sodium iodide symporter-expressing tumor model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:946. [PMID: 28424464 PMCID: PMC5430436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metastasis is responsible for most cancer deaths. Non-invasive in vivo cancer cell tracking in spontaneously metastasizing tumor models still poses a challenge requiring highest sensitivity and excellent contrast. The goal of this study was to evaluate if the recently introduced PET radiotracer [18F]tetrafluoroborate ([18F]BF4-) is useful for sensitive and specific metastasis detection in an orthotopic xenograft breast cancer model expressing the human sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a reporter. In vivo imaging was complemented by ex vivo fluorescence microscopy and γ-counting of harvested tissues. Radionuclide imaging with [18F]BF4- (PET/CT) was compared to the conventional tracer [123I]iodide (sequential SPECT/CT). We found that [18F]BF4- was superior due to better pharmacokinetics, i.e. faster tumor uptake and faster and more complete clearance from circulation. [18F]BF4--PET was also highly specific as in all detected tissues cancer cell presence was confirmed microscopically. Undetected comparable tissues were similarly found to be free of metastasis. Metastasis detection by routine metabolic imaging with [18F]FDG-PET failed due to low standard uptake values and low contrast caused by adjacent metabolically active organs in this model. [18F]BF4--PET combined with NIS expressing disease models is particularly useful whenever preclinical in vivo cell tracking is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Diocou
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - A Volpe
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M Jauregui-Osoro
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - M Boudjemeline
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - K Chuamsaamarkkee
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - F Man
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - P J Blower
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - T Ng
- King's College London, The Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Molecular Biophysics and Cancer Division, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- UCL, Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - G E D Mullen
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - G O Fruhwirth
- King's College London, Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Khoshnevisan A, Chuamsaamarkkee K, Boudjemeline M, Jackson A, Smith GE, Gee AD, Fruhwirth GO, Blower PJ. 18F-Fluorosulfate for PET Imaging of the Sodium-Iodide Symporter: Synthesis and Biologic Evaluation In Vitro and In Vivo. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:156-161. [PMID: 27539841 PMCID: PMC6233868 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.177519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion transport by the human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS) is an established target for molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. Current radiotracers for PET of hNIS expression are limited to 124I- and 18F-BF4- We sought new 18F-labeled hNIS substrates offering higher specific activity, higher affinity, and simpler radiochemical synthesis than 18F-BF4- METHODS: The ability of a range of anions, some containing fluorine, to block 99mTcO4- uptake in hNIS-expressing cells was measured. SO3F- emerged as a promising candidate. 18F-SO3F- was synthesized by reaction of 18F- with SO3-pyridine complex in MeCN and purified using alumina and quaternary methyl ammonium solid-phase extraction cartridges. Chemical and radiochemical purity and serum stability were determined by radiochromatography. Radiotracer uptake and efflux in hNIS-transduced HCT116-C19 cells and the hNIS-negative parent cell line were evaluated in vitro in the presence and absence of a known competitive inhibitor (NaClO4). PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution measurement were conducted on BALB/c mice, with and without NaClO4 inhibition. RESULTS Fluorosulfate was identified as a potent inhibitor of 99mTcO4- uptake via hNIS in vitro (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 0.55-0.56 μM (in comparison with 0.29-4.5 μM for BF4-, 0.07 μM for TcO4-, and 2.7-4.7 μM for I-). Radiolabeling to produce 18F-SO3F- was simple and afforded high radiochemical purity suitable for biologic evaluation (radiochemical purity > 95%, decay-corrected radiochemical yield = 31.6%, specific activity ≥ 48.5 GBq/μmol). Specific, blockable hNIS-mediated uptake in HCT116-C19 cells was observed in vitro, and PET/CT imaging of normal mice showed uptake in thyroid, salivary glands (percentage injected dose/g at 30 min, 563 ± 140 and 32 ± 9, respectively), and stomach (percentage injected dose/g at 90 min, 68 ± 21). CONCLUSION Fluorosulfate is a high-affinity hNIS substrate. 18F-SO3F- is easily synthesized in high yield and very high specific activity and is a promising candidate for preclinical and clinical PET imaging of hNIS expression and thyroid-related disease; it is the first example of in vivo PET imaging with a tracer containing an S-18F bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Khoshnevisan
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Krisanat Chuamsaamarkkee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Antony D Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Philip J Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Aliaga A, Aliaga A, Boudjemeline M, Hopewell R, Kostikov A, Rosa-Neto P, Thiel A, Schirrmacher R. Syntheses and evaluation of carbon-11- and fluorine-18-radiolabeled pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitors: exploration of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold as Trk PET imaging agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:260-76. [PMID: 25350780 DOI: 10.1021/cn500193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA/B/C) are critically involved in the development of the nervous system, in neurological disorders as well as in multiple neoplasms of both neural and non-neural origins. The development of Trk radiopharmaceuticals would offer unique opportunities toward a more complete understanding of this emerging therapeutic target. To that end, we first developed [(11)C]GW441756 ([(11)C]9), a high affinity photoisomerizable pan-Trk inhibitor, as a lead radiotracer for our positron emission tomography (PET) program. Efficient carbon-11 radiolabeling afforded [(11)C]9 in high radiochemical yields (isolated RCY, 25.9% ± 5.7%). In vitro autoradiographic studies in rat brain and TrkB-expressing human neuroblastoma cryosections confirmed that [(11)C]9 specifically binds to Trk receptors in vitro. MicroPET studies revealed that binding of [(11)C]9 in the rodent brain was mostly nonspecific despite initial high brain uptake (SUVmax = 2.0). Modeling studies of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold led to the successful identification of a small series of high affinity fluorinated and methoxy derivatized pan-Trk inhibitors based on our lead compound 9. Out of this series, the fluorinated compound 10 was selected for initial evaluation and radiolabeled with fluorine-18 (isolated RCY, 2.5% ± 0.6%). Compound [(18)F]10 demonstrated excellent Trk selectivity in a panel of cancer relevant kinase targets and a promising in vitro profile in tumors and brain sections but high oxidative metabolic susceptibility leading to nonspecific brain distribution in vivo. The information gained in this study will guide further exploration of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold as a lead for Trk PET ligand development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Experimental
Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1110 Pine
Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Arturo Aliaga
- Translational
Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Antonio Aliaga
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Robert Hopewell
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational
Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Department
of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H2T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Boudjemeline M, Rosa-Neto P, Thiel A, Schirrmacher R. Towards tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor ligands for brain imaging with PET: radiosynthesis and evaluation of 2-(4-[(18)F]fluorophenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one and 2-(4-([N-methyl-(11)C]-dimethylamino)phenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7816-29. [PMID: 24183588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) with the cognate ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates fundamental pathways in the development of the nervous system. TrkB signaling alterations are linked to numerous neurodegenerative diseases and conditions. Herein we report the synthesis, biological evaluation and radiosynthesis of the first TrkB radioligands based on the recently identified 7,8-dihydroxyflavone chemotype. 2-(4-[(18)F]fluorophenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one ([(18)F]10b) was synthesized in high radiochemical yields via an efficient SNAr radiofluorination involving a para-Michael acceptor substituted aryl followed by BBr3-promoted double demethylation. Selective N-[(11)C]methylation afforded 2-(4-([N-methyl-(11)C]-dimethylamino)phenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one ([(11)C]10c) from the fully deprotected catechol-bearing normethyl precursor 13 with [(11)C]MeOTf. In vitro autoradiography of [(18)F]10b with transverse rat brain sections revealed high specific binding in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus and thalamus in accordance with expected TrkB distribution. Blockade experiments with both 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (1a) and TrkB cognate ligand, BDNF, led to decreases of 80% and 85% of radioligand binding strongly supporting the hypothesis that 7,8-dihydroxyflavones exert their effect on TrkB phosphorylation via direct TrkB extracellular domain (ECD) binding. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies revealed that [(18)F]10b and [(11)C]10c brain uptake is minimal and that they are rapidly eliminated from the plasma (effective plasma half-life 5-10 min) via hepatic secretion. Nevertheless, the high specific binding and TrkB specificity derived from in vitro experiments suggests that the 7,8-disubstituted flavone chemotype represents a promising scaffold for the development of TrkB radiotracers for PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Downtown, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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