1
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Khatir ZZ, Di Sotto A, Percaccio E, Tuylu Kucukkilinc T, Ercan A, Chippindale AM, Valipour M, Irannejad H. 4-{3-[(Pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-6-yl}phenol: An improved anticancer agent in hepatocellular carcinoma and a selective MDR1/MRP modulator. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2300704. [PMID: 38442326 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the effective chemotherapy of cancer cells. This report documents the rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of triazolotriazines substituted with CH2 NH-linked pyridine for use as dual c-Met/MDR inhibitors. Compound 12g with IC50 of 3.06 μM on HepG2 cells showed more potency than crizotinib (IC50 = 5.15 μM) in the MTT assay. In addition, 12g inhibited c-Met kinase at a low micromolar level (IC50 = 0.052 μM). 12g significantly inhibited P-gp and MRP1/2 efflux pumps in both cancerous HepG2 and BxPC3 cells starting from the lower concentrations of 3 and 0.3 µM, respectively. 12g did not inhibit MDR1 and MRP1/2 in noncancerous H69 cholangiocytes up to the concentration of 30 and 60 µM, respectively. Current results highlighted that cancerous cells were more susceptible to the effect of 12g than normal cells, in which the inhibition occurred only at the highest concentrations, suggesting a further interest in 12g as a selective anticancer agent. Overall, 12g, as a dual c-Met and P-gp/MRP inhibitor, is a promising lead compound for developing a new generation of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zakeri Khatir
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Percaccio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tuba Tuylu Kucukkilinc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ercan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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2
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Valipour M, Zakeri Khatir Z, Abdollahi E, Ayati A. Recent Applications of Protoberberines as Privileged Starting Materials for the Development of Novel Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents: A Concise Review (2017-2023). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:48-71. [PMID: 38230282 PMCID: PMC10789142 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Berberine is a well-known phytochemical with significant antiviral activity against a wide range of viruses. Due to having a unique backbone consisting of four interconnected rings, it can be used as a platform for the design and development of novel semisynthetic antiviral agents. The question here is whether novel broad-spectrum antiviral drugs with enhanced activity and toxicity potential can be obtained by attempting to modify the structure of this privileged lead compound. The present study aims to review the results of recent studies in which berberine and its close analogues (protoberberine alkaloids) have been used as starting materials for the production of new semisynthetic antiviral structures. For this purpose, relevant studies published in high-quality journals indexed in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, etc. in the time frame of 2017 to 2023 were collected. Our selection criterion in the current review focuses on the studies in which protoberberines were used as starting materials for the production of semisynthetic agents with antiviral activity during the indicated time period. Correspondingly, studies were identified in which semisynthetic derivatives with significant inhibitory activity against a wide range of viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), zika virus (ZIKV), influenza A/B, cytomegalovirus (CMV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coxsackieviruses were designed and synthesized. Our conclusion is that, despite the introduction of diverse semisynthetic derivatives of berberine with improved activity profiles compared to the parent natural leads, sufficient derivatization has not been done yet and more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi
Drug Research Center, Iran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Zahra Zakeri Khatir
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 6964114483, Iran
- Student
Research Committee, Mazandaran University
of Medical Sciences, Sari 6964114483, Iran
| | - Elaheh Abdollahi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Adileh Ayati
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
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3
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Valipour M, Mohammadi M, Valipour H. CNS-Active p38α MAPK Inhibitors for the Management of Neuroinflammatory Diseases: Medicinal Chemical Properties and Therapeutic Capabilities. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03829-3. [PMID: 38041716 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, many p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) inhibitors have been developed and tested in preclinical/clinical studies for the treatment of various disorders, especially problems with the origin of inflammation. Previous studies strongly suggest the involvement of the p38α MAPK pathway in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the significant progress made in this field, so far no studies have focused on p38α MAPK inhibitors that have the capability to be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In the present review, we evaluated a wide range of well-known p38α MAPK inhibitors (more than 140 small molecules) by measuring key physicochemical parameters to identify those capable of successfully crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As a result, we identify about 50 naturally occurring and synthetic p38α MAPK inhibitors with high potential to cross the BBB, which can be further explored in the future for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, a detailed analysis of the previously released X-ray crystal structure of the inhibitors in the active site of the p38α MAPK enzyme revealed that some residues such as Met109 play a critical role in the occurrence of effective interactions by constructing strong H-bonds. This study can encourage scientists to focus more on the design, production, and biological evaluation of new central nervous system (CNS)-active p38α MAPK inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Valipour
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Di Sotto A, Valipour M, Azari A, Di Giacomo S, Irannejad H. Benzoindolizidine Alkaloids Tylophorine and Lycorine and Their Analogues with Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Properties: Promises and Challenges. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2619. [PMID: 37892993 PMCID: PMC10603990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing viral research, essential for public health due to evolving viruses, gains significance owing to emerging viral infections such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Marine and plant alkaloids show promise as novel potential pharmacological strategies. In this narrative review, we elucidated the potential of tylophorine and lycorine, two naturally occurring plant-derived alkaloids with a shared benzoindolizidine scaffold, as antiviral agents to be potentially harnessed against respiratory viral infections. Possible structure-activity relationships have also been highlighted. The substances and their derivatives were found to be endowed with powerful and broad-spectrum antiviral properties; moreover, they were able to counteract inflammation, which often underpins the complications of viral diseases. At last, their anticancer properties hold promise not only for advancing cancer research but also for mitigating the oncogenic effects of viruses. This evidence suggests that tylophorine and lycorine could effectively counteract the pathogenesis of respiratory viral disease and its harmful effects. Although common issues about the pharmacologic development of natural substances remain to be addressed, the collected evidence highlights a possible interest in tylophorine and lycorine as antiviral and/or adjuvant strategies and encourages future more in-depth pre-clinical and clinical investigations to overcome their drawbacks and harness their power for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496-14535, Iran
| | - Aala Azari
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471-93698, Iran;
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5
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Abstract
The appearance of several coronavirus pandemics/epidemics during the last two decades (SARS-CoV-1 in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019) indicates that humanity will face increasing challenges from coronaviruses in the future. The emergence of new strains with similar transmission characteristics as SARS-CoV-2 and mortality rates similar to SARS-CoV-1 (∼10% mortality) or MERS-CoV (∼35% mortality) in the future is a terrifying possibility. Therefore, getting enough preparations to face such risks is an inevitable necessity. The present study aims to review the drug achievements and challenges in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 with a combined perspective derived from pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, and medicinal chemistry insights. Appreciating all the efforts made during the past few years, there is strong evidence that the desired results have not yet been achieved and research in this area should still be pursued seriously. By expressing some pessimistic possibilities and concluding that the drug discovery and pharmacotherapy of COVID-19 have not been successful so far, this short essay tries to draw the attention of responsible authorities to be more prepared against future coronavirus epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi
Drug Research Center, Iran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran 1134845764, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48157-33971, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department
of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1134845764, Iran
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6
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Valipour M. Therapeutic prospects of naturally occurring p38 MAPK inhibitors tanshinone IIA and pinocembrin for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced CNS complications. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3724-3743. [PMID: 37282807 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication and hyperinflammatory responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, blood-brain barrier-penetrating p38 MAPK inhibitors have good potential for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) complications of COVID-19. The aim of the present study is the characterization of the therapeutic potential of tanshinone IIA and pinocembrin for the treatment of CNS complications of COVID-19. Studies published in high-quality journals indexed in databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and so forth were used to review the therapeutic capabilities of selected compounds. In continuation of our previous efforts to identify agents with favorable activity/toxicity profiles for the treatment of COVID-19, tanshinone IIA and pinocembrin were identified with a high ability to penetrate the CNS. Considering the nature of the study, no specific time frame was determined for the selection of studies, but the focus was strongly on studies published after the emergence of COVID-19. By describing the association of COVID-19-induced CNS disorders with p38 MAPK pathway disruption, this study concludes that tanshinone IIA and pinocembrin have great potential for better treatment of these complications. The inclusion of these compounds in the drug regimen of COVID-19 patients requires confirmation of their effectiveness through the conduction of high-quality clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Valipour M, Di Giacomo S, Di Sotto A, Irannejad H. Discovery of Chalcone-Based Hybrid Structures as High Affinity and Site-Specific Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Structural Analysis Based on Various Host-Based and Viral Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108789. [PMID: 37240149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that natural-based chalcones have significant inhibitory effects on the coronavirus enzymes 3CLpro and PLpro as well as modulation of some host-based antiviral targets (HBATs). In this study, a comprehensive computational and structural study was performed to investigate the affinity of our compound library consisting of 757 chalcone-based structures (CHA-1 to CHA-757) for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro enzymes and against twelve selected host-based targets. Our results indicated that CHA-12 (VUF 4819) is the most potent and multi-target inhibitor in our chemical library over all viral and host-based targets. Correspondingly, CHA-384 and its congeners containing ureide moieties were found to be potent and selective 3CLpro inhibitors, and benzotriazole moiety in CHA-37 was found to be a main fragment for inhibiting the 3CLpro and PLpro. Surprisingly, our results indicate that the ureide and sulfonamide moieties are integral fragments for the optimum 3CLpro inhibition while occupying the S1 and S3 subsites, which is fully consistent with recent reports on the site-specific 3CLpro inhibitors. Finding the multi-target inhibitor CHA-12, previously reported as an LTD4 antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases, prompted us to suggest it as a concomitant agent for relieving respiratory symptoms and suppressing COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1545913487, Iran
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4847116547, Iran
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8
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Valipour M, Hosseini A, Di Sotto A, Irannejad H. Dual action anti-inflammatory/antiviral isoquinoline alkaloids as potent naturally occurring anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents: A combined pharmacological and medicinal chemistry perspective. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2168-2186. [PMID: 37039761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
In the search for compounds that inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, isoquinoline-containing alkaloids have been identified as compounds with high potential to fight the disease. In addition to having strong antiviral activities, most of these alkaloids have significant anti-inflammatory effects which are often manifested through the inhibition of a promising host-based anti-COVID-19 target, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In the present review, our pharmacological and medicinal chemistry evaluation resulted in highlighting the potential of anti-SARS-CoV-2 isoquinoline-based alkaloids for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Considering critical parameters of the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, mechanism of action, as well as toxicity/safety profile, we introduce the alkaloids emetine, cephaeline, and papaverine as high-potential therapeutic agents for use in the treatment of COVID-19. Although preclinical studies confirm that some isoquinoline-based alkaloids reviewed in this study have a high potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2, their entry into drug regimens of COVID-19 patients requires further clinical trial studies and toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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9
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Irannejad H, Goodarzi A, Valipour M. Affinity Prediction of Shikonins Towards Sirtuins and the Requisite Structural Motifs for the Selective Inhibition of SIRT2 and SIRT3. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180820666230102094314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
background:
Shikonin and alkannin derivatives have various pharmacological activities with unknown mechanisms of action. Sirtuins are key intracellular enzymes involved in the cell cycle and metabolism and are ideal targets of therapeutic agents. There are some evidences based on the recent studies indicating that shikonins are possible modulators of sirtuins.
objective:
In this study, an extensive computational workflow was utilized to assess the affinity of 27 different derivatives of shikonins towards SIRT1-6 as possible molecular targets.
method:
Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies were performed which were followed by MMPBSA analysis and the results were compared with the standard and selective sirtuin inhibitors. Subsequently, scaffold hopping approach was used to find novel and more drug-like structures. Accordingly, pharmacophoric features of 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamoyl alkannin in SIRT2 and SIRT3 were extracted and used for screening PubChem and Mcule databases.
result:
The results indicated that 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)cinnamoyl alkannin is a potent SIRT2 and SIRT3 inhibitor and even more potent than the standard sirtuin inhibitors AGK2 and selisistat.. The obtained results successfully revealed some privileged fragments for the selective inhibition of SIRT2 and SIRT3.
conclusion:
An indole or benzimidazole fragment linked to a basic nitrogen through an amide would be an ideal structural feature for SIRT2 inhibition and 3-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine was found to be a privileged fragment for optimal inhibition of SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Irannejad
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Sari Iran
| | - Amin Goodarzi
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Sari Iran
| | - Mehdi Valipour
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Sari Iran
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10
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Valipour M. Recruitment of chalcone's potential in drug discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4477-4490. [PMID: 36208000 PMCID: PMC9874432 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone is an interesting scaffold found in the structure of many naturally occurring molecules. Medicinal chemists are commonly interested in designing new chalcone-based structures because of having the α, β-unsaturated ketone functional group, which allows these compounds to participate in Michael's reaction and create strong covalent bonds at the active sites of the targets. Some studies have identified several natural chalcone-based compounds with the ability to inhibit the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus proteases. A few years after the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the publication of many findings in this regard, there is some evidence that suggests chalcone scaffolding has great potential for use in the design and development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inhibitors. Artificial placement of this scaffold in the structure of optimized anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds can potentially provide irreversible inhibition of the viral cysteine proteases 3-chymotrypsin-like protease and papain-like protease by creating Michael interaction. Despite having remarkable capabilities, the use of chalcone scaffold in drug design and discovery of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors seems to have been largely neglected. This review addresses issues that could lead to further consideration of chalcone scaffolding in the structure of SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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11
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Valipour M, Irannejad H, Emami S. Application of emetine in SARS-CoV-2 treatment: regulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway for preventing emetine-induced cardiac complications. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2379-2386. [DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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12
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Valipour M, Irannejad H, Emami S. Papaverine, a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1246-1250. [PMID: 35706384 PMCID: PMC9350394 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The causative agent of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), enters the host cells via an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)‐mediated endocytosis‐dependent manner. Because ACE2 is highly expressed in the heart, SARS‐CoV‐2 can severely infect heart tissue and arteries, causing acute and chronic damage to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, special attention should be paid to finding appropriate agents to protect this vital system during COVID‐19 treatment. Papaverine is a unique vasodilator alkaloid that is clinically used in the treatment of vasospasm. Interestingly, this compound has potent and direct effects on a wide range of viruses, and could also prevent viral exploitation mechanisms of the host cell facilities by inhibiting some cellular signaling pathways such as p38 MAPK. This pathway was recently introduced as a promising target for the treatment of COVID‐19. Papaverine also has anti‐inflammatory effects which is useful in combating the hyper‐inflammatory phase of the COVID‐19. Unlike some medications that have severe dosage‐restrictions in the treatment of COVID‐19 due to cardiac side effects, papaverine is recommended for use in many heart disorders. The ability of papaverine to treat COVID‐19 has become more promising when the results of some extensive screenings showed the strong ability of this compound to inhibit the cytopathic effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 with EC50 of 1.1 μM. Having several therapeutic effects along with desired safety profile raises this hypothesis that papaverine could be a promising compound for the suppression of SARS‐CoV‐2 and prevention of ischemia/vasoconstriction‐related complications in COVID‐19 disease, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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13
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Abstract
In the global movement to find the appropriate agents to fight the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), emetine is one of the strongest anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds with sub-micromolar EC50 values, identified in several studies and high-throughput screening efforts. The reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms indicate the effect of this compound on both virus-based and host-based targets. In addition to having excellent antiviral effects, emetine can relieve COVID-19 patients by reducing inflammation through inhibitory activity against NF-κB by the mechanism of IκBα phosphorylation inhibition; it can also limit the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Emetine also can well reduce pulmonary arterial hypertension as an important COVID-19 complication by modulating a variety of cellular processes such as the Rho-kinase/CyPA/Bsg signaling pathway. The therapeutic value of emetine for combating COVID-19 was highlighted when in vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that the concentration of this compound in the lungs increases significantly higher than the EC50 of the drug. Despite its valuable therapeutic effects, emetine has some cardiotoxic effects that limit its use in high doses. However, high therapeutic capabilities make emetine a valuable lead compound that can be used for the design and development of less toxic anti-COVID-19 agents in the future. This Review provides a collection of information on the capabilities of emetine and its potential for the treatment of COVID-19, along with structural analysis which could be used for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University
of Medical Sciences, 48175-866 Sari, Iran
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14
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Valipour M. Recent advances of antitumor shikonin/alkannin derivatives: A comprehensive overview focusing on structural classification, synthetic approaches, and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Multifunctional nature of phytochemicals and their chemical diversity has attracted attention to develop leads originated from nature to fight COVID-19. Pharmacological activities of chelerythrine and its congeners have been studied and reported in the literature. This compound simultaneously has two key therapeutic effects for the treatment of COVID-19, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Chelerythrine can prevent hyper-inflammatory immune response through regulating critical signaling pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as alteration in Nrf2, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK activities. In addition, chelerythrine has a strong protein kinase C-α/-β inhibitory activity suitable for cerebral vasospasm prevention and eryptosis reduction, as well as beneficial effects in suppressing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. In terms of antiviral activity, chelerythrine can fight with SARS-CoV-2 through various mechanisms, such as direct-acting mechanism, viral RNA-intercalation, and regulation of host-based antiviral targets. Although chelerythrine is toxic in vitro, the in vivo toxicity is significantly reduced due to its structural conversion to alkanolamine. Its multifunctional action makes chelerythrine a prominent compound for the treatment of COVID-19. Considering precautions related to the toxicity at higher doses, it is expected that this compound is useful in combination with proper antivirals to reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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16
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Valipour M, Naderi N, Heidarli E, Shaki F, Motafeghi F, Talebpour Amiri F, Emami S, Irannejad H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of naphthalene-derived (arylalkyl)azoles containing heterocyclic linkers as new anticonvulsants: A comprehensive in silico, in vitro, and in vivo study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105974. [PMID: 34390829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In continuation of our research to find strong and safe anticonvulsant agents, a number of (arylalkyl)azoles (AAAs) containing naphthylthiazole and naphthyloxazole scaffolds were designed and synthesized. The in vivo anticonvulsant evaluations in BALB/c mice revealed that some of them had significant anticonvulsant activity in both maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models of epilepsy. The best profile of activity was observed with compounds containing imidazole and triazole rings (C1, C6, G1, and G6). In particular, imidazolylmethyl-thiazole C1 with median effective dose (ED50)= 7.9 mg/kg in the MES test, ED50= 27.9 mg/kg in PTZ test, and without any sign of neurotoxicity (in the rotarod test, 100 mg/kg) was the most promising compound. The patch-clamp recording was performed to study the mechanism of action of the representative compound C1 on hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) cells. The results did not confirm any modulatory effect of C1 on the voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) or GABAA agonism, but suggested a significant reduction of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) frequency on hippocampal DG neurons. Sub-acute toxicity studies revealed that administration of the most active compounds (C1, C6, G1, and G6) at 100 mg/kg bw/day for two weeks did not result in any mortality or significant toxicity as evaluated by assessment of biochemical markers such as lipid peroxidation, intracellular glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, histopathological changes, and mitochondrial functions. Other pharmacological aspects of compounds including mechanistic and ADME properties were investigated computationally and/or experimentally. Molecular docking on the NMDA and AMPA targets suggested that the introduction of the heterocyclic ring in the middle of AAAs significantly affects the affinity of the compounds. The obtained results totally demonstrated that the prototype compound C1 can be considered as a new lead for the development of anticonvulsant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nima Naderi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Heidarli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Motafeghi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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17
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Valipour M, Chippindale AM, Kouzeli A, Irannejad H. A new and facile synthesis of N-benzyl-N′-acylureas via reaction of dibenzoylhydrazine carboxamide and benzylamines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1960376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ann M. Chippindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berks, UK
| | - Aynaz Kouzeli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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18
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Valipour M, Davaji I, Abedi N, Rajabi M, Küçükkılınç TT, Ayazgök B, Irannejad H. Synthesis and Biological Assessment of 2-Hydroxyiminoethanones as Anti-Inflammatory and β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitors. Iran J Pharm Res 2020; 18:1288-1298. [PMID: 32641939 PMCID: PMC6934981 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.15567.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuroinflammatory based pathologic state in which β-amyloid aggregates are major devastating agents. In this study, a series of 2-hydroxyiminoethanones were synthesized and evaluated as anti-inflammatory in carrageenan and formalin tests and inhibitors of β-amyloid aggregation. Compounds 1-10b were synthesized through a two-step reaction. Results: Compounds 1-5b showed more β-amyloid disaggregation ability than reference drugs rifampicin and donepezil and compound 2b was the best compound in this series and could reduce the extent of amyloid aggregation to 50.9%. Interestingly, compounds 1b and 3b showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema compared to control group and equivalent to the reference drug indomethacin. 2-Hydeoxyiminoethanones are privileged scaffold for further drug research and development as anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Issa Davaji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Niusha Abedi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rajabi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tuba Tüylü Küçükkılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beyza Ayazgök
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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19
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Roushani M, Valipour A, Valipour M. Layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles and cysteamine on gold electrode for immunosensing of human chorionic gonadotropin at picogram levels. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 61:344-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Barari Sawadkohi R, Mohammadzade I, Mohammadpour-Mir A, Poor Nasrollah M, Valipour M, Hosseinzadeh F, Saeedi F. Prevalence of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Amirkola Children's hospital, Northern Iran during March 2008-March 2010. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2012; 14:680-3. [PMID: 23285422 PMCID: PMC3518987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Barari Sawadkohi
- Pediatric infectious disease specialist, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran,Correspondence: Rahim Barari Sawadkohi, MD. Address: No 19 Shafa street, Amirkola children’s hospital, Amirkola, Babol, Iran. Tel.: 4731741151, E-mail:
| | - I Mohammadzade
- Allergy and immunology specialist, Non- Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - A Mohammadpour-Mir
- Pediatric infectious disease specialist, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - M Poor Nasrollah
- Pathologist, Non-Communicable pediatric diseases research center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - M Valipour
- General physician, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - F Hosseinzadeh
- Midwife, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Amirkola Children’s Hospital, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - F Saeedi
- Medical student, Student Research Committee,Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
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22
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Valipour M, Mohammadi MA, Sobhanian S, Rawat RS. Increasing of Hardness of Titanium Using Energetic Nitrogen Ions from Sahand as a Filippov Type Plasma Focus Facility. J Fusion Energ 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-011-9432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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