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Riwanto M, Kapoor S, Rodriguez D, Edenhofer I, Segerer S, Wüthrich RP. Inhibition of Aerobic Glycolysis Attenuates Disease Progression in Polycystic Kidney Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146654. [PMID: 26752072 PMCID: PMC4708993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated signaling cascades alter energy metabolism and promote cell proliferation and cyst expansion in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Here we tested whether metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis (“Warburg effect”) plays a pathogenic role in male heterozygous Han:SPRD rats (Cy/+), a chronic progressive model of PKD. Using microarray analysis and qPCR, we found an upregulation of genes involved in glycolysis (Hk1, Hk2, Ldha) and a downregulation of genes involved in gluconeogenesis (G6pc, Lbp1) in cystic kidneys of Cy/+ rats compared with wild-type (+/+) rats. We then tested the effect of inhibiting glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) on renal functional loss and cyst progression in 5-week-old male Cy/+ rats. Treatment with 2DG (500 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks resulted in significantly lower kidney weights (-27%) and 2-kidney/total-body-weight ratios (-20%) and decreased renal cyst index (-48%) compared with vehicle treatment. Cy/+ rats treated with 2DG also showed higher clearances of creatinine (1.98±0.67 vs 1.41±0.37 ml/min), BUN (0.69±0.26 vs 0.40±0.10 ml/min) and uric acid (0.38±0.20 vs 0.21±0.10 ml/min), and reduced albuminuria. Immunoblotting analysis of kidney tissues harvested from 2DG-treated Cy/+ rats showed increased phosphorylation of AMPK-α, a negative regulator of mTOR, and restoration of ERK signaling. Assessment of Ki-67 staining indicated that 2DG limits cyst progression through inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation. Taken together, our results show that targeting the glycolytic pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to control cyst growth in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliana Riwanto
- Nephrology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarika Kapoor
- Nephrology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Nephrology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Nephrology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Nephrology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf P. Wüthrich
- Nephrology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez D, Kapoor S, Edenhofer I, Segerer S, Riwanto M, Kipar A, Yang M, Mei C, Wüthrich RP. Inhibition of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 with Dapagliflozin in Han: SPRD Rats with Polycystic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2015; 40:638-47. [PMID: 26698317 DOI: 10.1159/000368540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Dapagliflozin (DAPA) is a selective inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) which induces glucosuria and osmotic diuresis. The therapeutic effect of DAPA in progressing stages of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) has not been studied. METHODS We examined the effect of DAPA in the Han: SPRD rat model of PKD. DAPA (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (VEH) was administered orally via gavage to 5 week old male Han: SPRD (Cy/+) or control (+/+) rats (n = 8-9 per group) for 5 weeks. Blood and urine were collected at baseline and after 2.5 and 5 weeks of treatment to assess renal function and albuminuria. At the end of the treatment, rats were sacrificed and kidneys were excised for histological analysis. RESULTS After 5 weeks of treatment, DAPA-treated Cy/+ and +/+ rats exhibited significantly higher glucosuria, water intake and urine output than VEH-treated rats. DAPA-treated Cy/+ rats also exhibited significantly higher clearances for creatinine and BUN and less albuminuria than VEH-treated Cy/+ rats. DAPA treatment for 5 weeks resulted in a significant increase of the kidney weight in Cy/+ rats but no change in cyst growth. The degree of tubular epithelial cell proliferation, macrophage infiltration and interstitial fibrosis was also similar in DAPA-and VEH-treated Cy/+ rats. CONCLUSION The induction of glucosuria with the SGLT2-specific inhibitor DAPA was associated with improved renal function and decreased albuminuria, but had no effect on cyst growth in Cy/+ rats. Overall the beneficial effects of DAPA in this PKD model were weaker than the previously described effects of the combined SGLT1/2 inhibitor phlorizin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodriguez
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zx00FC;rich, Switzerland
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Sutter I, Velagapudi S, Othman A, Riwanto M, Manz J, Rohrer L, Rentsch K, Hornemann T, Landmesser U, von Eckardstein A. Plasmalogens of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are associated with coronary artery disease and anti-apoptotic activity of HDL. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:539-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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O'Neill F, McLoughlin E, Riwanto M, Manz J, Adler A, Sutill E, Khan T, Haywood R, Kay CWM, D'Aiuto F, Charakida M, Landmesser U, Deanfield J. Reproducibility and biological variability of HDL's vascular functional assays. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:588-94. [PMID: 26115070 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent failures of clinical trials promoting HDL-elevating therapies have prompted research groups to focus on its functional activity in disease. Endothelial effects of HDL can be measured with in vitro cell assays. The reproducibility and biological relevance of these assays have not been explored both in healthy individuals and those at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. METHODS HDL dependent nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, superoxide (SO) production and serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were measured in 35 healthy adults (34.37 24-49) and 8 patients (43.56 37-49) suffering from a chronic inflammatory condition (periodontitis-PD). Assay reproducibility was assessed by independent technicians on consecutive days to determine inter and intra analyser variability for each assay. The 35 healthy individuals were further divided into young (n = 16) and middle aged (n = 19) groups and compared with regards to HDL functions. Within-subject biological variation of HDL function was determined in a sub-group of 25 healthy volunteers at intervals of one day and 1 month, and in 8 patients at intervals of one day and 1 week. Power curves were also generated to estimate the number of patients that would be required for HDL functional assays in a cross-over and parallel study design. RESULTS NO bioavailability was the most reproducible assay in healthy adults (coefficient of variation = 1.72%, 1.92 - intra and inter respectively) and PD patients (CV = 4.4% and 5.5%). All measures demonstrated no statistical difference between young and healthy middle aged population. No single assay demonstrated significant variations over time, indicating that within patient variations are negligible. Our power curves for NO bioavailability and PON-1 activity suggest that low number of patients will be required to detect significant differences in HDL function in a cross over and parallel study design. CONCLUSION This study suggests that in vitro HDL functional assays are reliable and can be used to assess HDL functionality in healthy and diseased populations. NO bioavailability was the most reproducible assay, but PON-1 activity remains the most practical for application in clinical trials due to its capacity for scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O'Neill
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eve McLoughlin
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Manz
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Adler
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Sutill
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tauseef Khan
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Haywood
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Marietta Charakida
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Deanfield
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, University College London, London, UK.
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Kapoor S, Rodriguez D, Riwanto M, Edenhofer I, Segerer S, Mitchell K, Wüthrich RP. Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransport Inhibition on Polycystic Kidney Disease Progression in PCK Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125603. [PMID: 25927597 PMCID: PMC4416041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) induces glucosuria and osmotic diuresis via inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption. Since increased diuresis retards the progression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), we investigated the effect of DAPA in the PCK rat model of PKD. DAPA (10 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was administered by gavage to 6 week old male PCK rats (n=9 per group). Renal function, albuminuria, kidney weight and cyst volume were assessed after 6 weeks of treatment. Treatment with DAPA markedly increased glucose excretion (23.6 ± 4.3 vs 0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/d) and urine output (57.3 ± 6.8 vs 19.3 ± 0.8 ml/d). DAPA-treated PCK rats had higher clearances for creatinine (3.1 ± 0.1 vs 2.6 ± 0.2 ml/min) and BUN (1.7 ± 0.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.1 ml/min) after 3 weeks, and developed a 4-fold increase in albuminuria. Ultrasound imaging and histological analysis revealed a higher cyst volume and a 23% higher total kidney weight after 6 weeks of DAPA treatment. At week 6 the renal cAMP content was similar between DAPA and vehicle, and staining for Ki67 did not reveal an increase in cell proliferation. In conclusion, the inhibition of glucose reabsorption with the SGLT2-specific inhibitor DAPA caused osmotic diuresis, hyperfiltration, albuminuria and an increase in cyst volume in PCK rats. The mechanisms which link glucosuria to hyperfiltration, albuminuria and enhanced cyst volume in PCK rats remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Kapoor
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Meliana Riwanto
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharyn Mitchell
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf P. Wüthrich
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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O'Neill F, Riwanto M, Charakida M, Colin S, Manz J, McLoughlin E, Khan T, Klein N, Kay CWM, Patel K, Chinetti G, Staels B, D'Aiuto F, Landmesser U, Deanfield J. Structural and functional changes in HDL with low grade and chronic inflammation. Int J Cardiol 2015; 188:111-6. [PMID: 25919891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL functionality has been shown to be impaired in inflammatory conditions, including coronary artery disease. The present study aims to determine the impact of low grade and acute inflammation on HDL function and structure. APPROACH AND RESULTS i) The endothelial protective effects of HDL were compared between 26 periodontal patients and 26 age and sex matched controls by measuring paraoxonase activity in serum and nitric oxide bioavailability and superoxide production in endothelial cells. Paraoxonase activity and nitric oxide bioavailability were reduced, while superoxide production was increased (p<0.01) in periodontal patients compared to controls. ii) HDL function, including cholesterol efflux and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, was subsequently measured in the periodontal patients following an inflammatory stimulus. There was an acute deterioration in HDL's endothelial protective function, without change in cholesterol efflux, after 24h (p<0.01 for all). These functional changes tracked increases of inflammatory markers and altered HDL composition. Finally, HDL function returned to baseline levels after resolution of inflammation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that even minor alterations in systemic inflammation can impair the endothelial protective effects of HDL. These functional changes were independent of cholesterol efflux and were associated with remodeling of the HDL proteome. All measures of HDL's endothelial protective functions recovered with resolution of inflammation. These findings suggest that HDL dysfunction may represent a novel mechanism linking inflammation with progression of atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O'Neill
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marietta Charakida
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Colin
- Université Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR1011, EGID, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jasmin Manz
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eve McLoughlin
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tauseef Khan
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kalpesh Patel
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Giulia Chinetti
- Université Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR1011, EGID, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille 2, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm UMR1011, EGID, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Deanfield
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes (NCCPO), Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, University College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
Reduced plasma levels of HDL-C are associated with an increased risk of CAD and myocardial infarction, as shown in various prospective population studies. However, recent clinical trials on lipid-modifying drugs that increase plasma levels of HDL-C have not shown significant clinical benefit. Notably, in some recent clinical studies, there is no clear association of higher HDL-C levels with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events observed in patients with existing CAD. These observations have prompted researchers to shift from a cholesterol-centric view of HDL towards assessing the function and composition of HDL particles. Of importance, experimental and translational studies have further demonstrated various potential antiatherogenic effects of HDL. HDL has been proposed to promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and to protect endothelial cell functions by prevention of oxidation of LDL and its adverse endothelial effects. Furthermore, HDL from healthy subjects can directly stimulate endothelial cell production of nitric oxide and exert anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Of note, increasing evidence suggests that the vascular effects of HDL can be highly heterogeneous and HDL may lose important anti-atherosclerotic properties and turn dysfunctional in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders. A greater understanding of mechanisms of action of HDL and its altered vascular effects is therefore critical within the context of HDL-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and Center of Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, CH 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sutter I, Riwanto M, Rohrer L, Othman A, Hornemann T, Landmesser U, von Eckardstein A. Low concentrations of sphingosine-1-phosphates and plasmalogens in HDL are associated with coronary artery disease and reduced anti-apoptotic activity of HDL. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oczos J, Sutter I, Kloeckener-Gruissem B, Berger W, Riwanto M, Rentsch K, Hornemann T, von Eckardstein A, Grimm C. Lack of Paraoxonase 1 Alters Phospholipid Composition, but Not Morphology and Function of the Mouse Retina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:4714-27. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Oczos
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iryna Sutter
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Kloeckener-Gruissem
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland 5Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland 3Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 6Zurich Center of Neuroscience (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meliana Riwanto
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Rentsch
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 4Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 3Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 6Zurich Center of Neuroscience (ZNZ), Zurich, Switzerlan
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Cabrera-Lopez C, Ars E, Marti T, Harris PC, Torra R, Clerckx C, Migeon T, Chen Z, Ronco P, Plaisier E, Lamers IJ, Van Reeuwijk J, Azam M, Boldt K, Maria M, Koster-Kamphuis L, Qamar R, Ueffing M, Cremers FP, Roepman R, Arts HH, Papizh S, Dlin V, Leontieva I, Tutelman K, Perrone RD, Bae KT, Chapman AB, Devuyst O, Gansevoort RT, Grantham JJ, Higashihara E, Torres VE, Sergeyeva O, Zhou W, Blais JD, Czerwiec FS, Liu F, Liao Y, Fu P, Casteleijn N, Zittema D, Bakker S, Boertien W, Gaillard C, Meijer E, Spithoven E, Struck J, Gansevoort R, Robinson P, McEwan P, Hadimeri H, Ong ACM, Orskov B, Peces R, Sandford R, Scolari F, Walz G, Cooke C, O'Reilly K, Riwanto M, Kapoor S, Rodriguez D, Edenhofer I, Segerer S, Wuthrich RP, De Rechter S, Bacchetta J, Van Dyck M, Evenepoel P, De Schepper J, Levtchenko E, Mekahli D, Carr A, Makin A, Baker A, Obeidova L, Stekrova J, Seeman T, Puchmajerova A, Reiterova J, Kohoutova M, Tesar V, Treille S, Bailly JM, Guillaume B, Tuta L, Stanigut A, Botea F, Jo HA, Park HC, Kim H, Han M, Huh H, Jeong JC, Oh KH, Yang J, Koo TY, Hwang YH, Ahn C, Pisani A, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P, Riccio E, Visciano B, Spinelli L, Kim JI, Park KM, Liu FX, Rutherford P, Smoyer-Tomic K, Martinez Jimenez V, Comas J, Arcos E, Diaz JM, Muray S, Cabezuelo J, Ballarin J, Ars E, Torra R, Miyaoka T, Morimoto S, Kataoka H, Mochizuki T, Tsuchiya K, Ichihara A, Nitta K. RENAL DEVELOPMENT AND CYSTIC DISEASES. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hoshino J, Suwabe T, Sumida K, Mise K, Hayami N, Kawada M, Imafuku A, Hiramatsu R, Hasegawa E, Sawa N, Ubara Y, Takaichi K, Yamamoto J, Ishikawa Y, Nakagaki T, Shibazaki S, Nishio S, Atsumi T, Westland R, Verbitsky M, Vukojevic K, Perry BJ, Fasel DA, Zwijnenburg PJG, Gille JJP, Bokenkamp A, D'Agati VD, Gharavi AG, Schreuder MF, Van Wijk JAE, Sanna-Cherchi S, Rodriguez D, Riwanto M, Edenhofer I, Segerer S, Wuthrich RP, Kapoor S, Raaijmakers AMJ, Mekahli D, Van Dyck M, Corveleyn A, Allegaert K, Deviendt K, Kuypers D, Claes K, Levtchenko EN. CYSTIC DISEASE AND CILIOPATHIES. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Adams V, Besler C, Fischer T, Riwanto M, Noack F, Höllriegel R, Oberbach A, Jehmlich N, Völker U, Winzer EB, Lenk K, Hambrecht R, Schuler G, Linke A, Landmesser U, Erbs S. Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure promotes restoration of high-density lipoprotein functional properties. Circ Res 2013; 113:1345-55. [PMID: 24055733 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts endothelial-protective effects via stimulation of endothelial cell (EC) nitric oxide (NO) production. This function is impaired in patients with cardiovascular disease. Protective effects of exercise training (ET) on endothelial function have been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the impact of ET on HDL-mediated protective effects and the respective molecular pathways in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND RESULTS HDL was isolated from 16 healthy controls (HDL(healthy)) and 16 patients with CHF-NYHA-III (HDL(NYHA-IIIb)) before and after ET, as well as from 8 patients with CHF-NYHA-II (HDL(NYHA-II)). ECs were incubated with HDL, and phosphorylation of eNOS-Ser(1177), eNOS-Thr(495), PKC-βII-Ser(660), and p70S6K-Ser(411) was evaluated. HDL-bound malondialdehyde and HDL-induced NO production by EC were quantified. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation. The proteome of HDL particles was profiled by shotgun LC-MS/MS. Incubation of EC with HDL(NYHA-IIIb) triggered a lower stimulation of phosphorylation at eNOS-Ser(1177) and a higher phosphorylation at eNOS-Thr(495) when compared with HDL(healthy). This was associated with lower NO production of EC. In addition, an elevated activation of p70S6K, PKC-βII by HDL(NYHA-IIIb), and a higher amount of malondialdehyde bound to HDL(NYHA-IIIb) compared with HDL(healthy) was measured. In healthy individuals, ET had no effect on HDL function, whereas ET of CHF-NYHA-IIIb significantly improved HDL function. A correlation between changes in HDL-induced NO production and flow-mediated dilatation improvement by ET was evident. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HDL function is impaired in CHF and that ET improved the HDL-mediated vascular effects. This may be one mechanism how ET exerts beneficial effects in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Adams
- From the Departments of Cardiology (V.A., T.F., F.N., R.H., E.B.W., K.L., G.S., A.L., S.E.) and Cardiac Surgery (A.O.), Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland (C.B., M.R., U.L.); Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (N.J., U.V.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany (U.V.); and Klinikum Links der Weser, Heart Center Bremen, Germany (R.H.)
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Riwanto M, Manz J, Rohrer L, Pouleur H, Von Eckardstein A, Luescher TF, Landmesser U. Torcetrapib therapy in patients with coronary artery disease does not lead to further impairment of endothelial effects of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Huang Y, Wu Z, Riwanto M, Gao S, Levison BS, Gu X, Fu X, Wagner MA, Besler C, Gerstenecker G, Zhang R, Li XM, DiDonato AJ, Gogonea V, Tang WHW, Smith JD, Plow EF, Fox PL, Shih DM, Lusis AJ, Fisher EA, DiDonato JA, Landmesser U, Hazen SL. Myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase-1, and HDL form a functional ternary complex. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3815-28. [PMID: 23908111 DOI: 10.1172/jci67478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are high-density lipoprotein-associated (HDL-associated) proteins mechanistically linked to inflammation, oxidant stress, and atherosclerosis. MPO is a source of ROS during inflammation and can oxidize apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) of HDL, impairing its atheroprotective functions. In contrast, PON1 fosters systemic antioxidant effects and promotes some of the atheroprotective properties attributed to HDL. Here, we demonstrate that MPO, PON1, and HDL bind to one another, forming a ternary complex, wherein PON1 partially inhibits MPO activity, while MPO inactivates PON1. MPO oxidizes PON1 on tyrosine 71 (Tyr71), a modified residue found in human atheroma that is critical for HDL binding and PON1 function. Acute inflammation model studies with transgenic and knockout mice for either PON1 or MPO confirmed that MPO and PON1 reciprocally modulate each other's function in vivo. Further structure and function studies identified critical contact sites between APOA1 within HDL, PON1, and MPO, and proteomics studies of HDL recovered from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subjects revealed enhanced chlorotyrosine content, site-specific PON1 methionine oxidation, and reduced PON1 activity. HDL thus serves as a scaffold upon which MPO and PON1 interact during inflammation, whereupon PON1 binding partially inhibits MPO activity, and MPO promotes site-specific oxidative modification and impairment of PON1 and APOA1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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15
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Riwanto M, Landmesser U. High density lipoproteins and endothelial functions: mechanistic insights and alterations in cardiovascular disease. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3227-43. [PMID: 23873269 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r037762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective population studies in the primary prevention setting have shown that reduced plasma levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of coronary disease and myocardial infarction. Experimental and translational studies have further revealed several potential anti-atherogenic effects of HDL, including protective effects on endothelial cell functions. HDL has been suggested to protect endothelial cell functions by prevention of oxidation of LDL and its adverse endothelial effects. Moreover, HDL from healthy subjects can directly stimulate endothelial cell production of nitric oxide and anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic effects as well as endothelial repair processes. However, several recent clinical trials using HDL cholesterol-raising agents, such as torcetrapib, dalcetrapib, and niacin, did not demonstrate a significant reduction of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease. Of note, growing evidence suggests that the vascular effects of HDL can be highly heterogeneous and vasoprotective properties of HDL are altered in patients with coronary disease. Characterization of underlying mechanisms and understanding of the clinical relevance of this "HDL dysfunction" is currently an active field of cardiovascular research. Notably, in some recent studies no clear association of higher HDL cholesterol levels with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events was observed in patients with already established coronary disease. A greater understanding of mechanisms of action of HDL and its altered vascular effects is therefore critical within the context of HDL-targeted therapies. In this review, we will address different effects of HDL on endothelial cell functions potentially relevant to atherosclerotic vascular disease and explore molecular mechanisms leading to "dysfunctional HDL".
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Wagner J, Riwanto M, Besler C, Knau A, Fichtlscherer S, Röxe T, Zeiher AM, Landmesser U, Dimmeler S. Characterization of Levels and Cellular Transfer of Circulating Lipoprotein-Bound MicroRNAs. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1392-400. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Wagner
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Meliana Riwanto
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Christian Besler
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Andrea Knau
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Stephan Fichtlscherer
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Tino Röxe
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Andreas M. Zeiher
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration (J.W., A.K., T.R., S.D.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine III (S.F., A.M.Z.), Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (M.R., C.B., U.L.)
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Breitenstein A, Wyss CA, Spescha RD, Franzeck FC, Hof D, Riwanto M, Hasun M, Akhmedov A, von Eckardstein A, Maier W, Landmesser U, Lüscher TF, Camici GG. Peripheral blood monocyte Sirt1 expression is reduced in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53106. [PMID: 23382833 PMCID: PMC3558418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis. Sirt1 regulates transcription factors involved in inflammatory processes and blunts atherosclerosis in mice. However, its role in humans remains to be defined. This study was therefore designed to investigate the role of Sirt1 in the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS 48 male subjects admitted for cardiac catheterization were subdivided into healthy subjects, patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), and with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Monocytes were isolated and Sirt1 mRNA levels were determined. Sirt1 gene expression was higher in healthy subjects as compared to patients with CAD or ACS (P<0.05), respectively. Interestingly, HDL levels correlated positively with Sirt1 expression. Thus, HDL from the three groups was isolated and incubated with THP-1 monocytes to determine the effects of HDL on Sirt1 protein in controlled experimental conditions. HDL from healthy subjects stimulated Sirt1 expression in THP-1 monocytes to a higher degree than HDL from CAD and ACS patients (P<0.05). Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), a HDL-associated enzyme, showed a reduced activity in HDL isolated from CAD and ACS patients as compared to the controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Monocytic Sirt1 expression is reduced in patients with stable CAD and ACS. Experiments on THP-1 monocytes suggest that this effect is HDL-dependent and is mediated by a reduced activity of HDL-associated enzyme PON1.
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18
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Riwanto M, Rohrer L, Roschitzki B, Besler C, Mocharla P, Mueller M, Perisa D, Heinrich K, Altwegg L, von Eckardstein A, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U. Altered activation of endothelial anti- and proapoptotic pathways by high-density lipoprotein from patients with coronary artery disease: role of high-density lipoprotein-proteome remodeling. Circulation 2013; 127:891-904. [PMID: 23349247 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction and injury are thought to play an important role in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). High-density lipoprotein from healthy subjects (HDL(Healthy)) has been proposed to exert endothelial antiapoptotic effects that may represent an important antiatherogenic property of the lipoprotein. The present study therefore aimed to compare effects of HDL(CAD) and HDL(Healthy) on the activation of endothelial anti- and proapoptotic pathways and to determine which changes of the lipoprotein are relevant for these processes. METHODS AND RESULTS HDL was isolated from patients with stable CAD (HDL(sCAD)), an acute coronary syndrome (HDL(ACS)), and healthy subjects. HDL(Healthy) induced expression of the endothelial antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bcl-xL and reduced endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro and in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice in vivo. In contrast, HDL(sCAD) and HDL(ACS) did not inhibit endothelial apoptosis, failed to activate endothelial Bcl-xL, and stimulated endothelial proapoptotic pathways, in particular, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated activation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein tBid. Endothelial antiapoptotic effects of HDL(Healthy) were observed after inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and after delipidation, but not completely mimicked by apolipoprotein A-I or reconstituted HDL, suggesting an important role of the HDL proteome. HDL proteomics analyses and subsequent validations and functional characterizations suggested a reduced clusterin and increased apolipoprotein C-III content of HDL(sCAD) and HDL(ACS) as mechanisms leading to altered effects on endothelial apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates for the first time that HDL(CAD) does not activate endothelial antiapoptotic pathways, but rather stimulates potential endothelial proapoptotic pathways. HDL-proteome remodeling plays an important role for these altered functional properties of HDL. These findings provide novel insights into mechanisms leading to altered vascular effects of HDL in coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Singaraja RR, Sivapalaratnam S, Hovingh K, Dubé MP, Castro-Perez J, Collins HL, Adelman SJ, Riwanto M, Manz J, Hubbard B, Tietjen I, Wong K, Mitnaul LJ, van Heek M, Lin L, Roddy TA, McEwen J, Dallinge-Thie G, van Vark-van der Zee L, Verwoert G, Winther M, van Duijn C, Hofman A, Trip MD, Marais AD, Asztalos B, Landmesser U, Sijbrands E, Kastelein JJ, Hayden MR. The impact of partial and complete loss-of-function mutations in endothelial lipase on high-density lipoprotein levels and functionality in humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:54-62. [PMID: 23243195 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.962613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial lipase is a phospholipase with activity against high-density lipoprotein. Although a small number of mutations in LIPG have been described, the role of LIPG in protection against atherosclerosis is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 8 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in LIPG in individuals with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Functional analysis confirmed that most rare mutations abolish lipase activity in vitro, indicating complete LOF, whereas 2 more common mutations N396S and R476W reduce activity by ≈50%, indicating partial LOF and implying ≈50% and ≈75% remaining endothelial lipase function in heterozygous complete LOF and partial LOF mutation carriers, respectively. complete LOF mutation carriers had significantly higher plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with partial LOF mutation carriers. Apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from complete LOF carriers showed significantly enhanced cholesterol efflux acceptor capacity, whereas only trends were observed in partial LOF carriers. Carriers of LIPG mutations exhibited trends toward reduced coronary artery disease in 4 independent cohorts (meta-analysis odds ratio, 0.7; P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the impact of LIPG mutations is directly related to their effect on endothelial lipase function and support that antagonism of endothelial lipase function improves cardioprotection.
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20
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Besler C, Heinrich K, Rohrer L, Doerries C, Riwanto M, Shih DM, Chroni A, Yonekawa K, Stein S, Schaefer N, Mueller M, Akhmedov A, Daniil G, Manes C, Templin C, Wyss C, Maier W, Tanner FC, Matter CM, Corti R, Furlong C, Lusis AJ, von Eckardstein A, Fogelman AM, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U. Mechanisms underlying adverse effects of HDL on eNOS-activating pathways in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2693-708. [PMID: 21701070 DOI: 10.1172/jci42946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies that raise levels of HDL, which is thought to exert atheroprotective effects via effects on endothelium, are being examined for the treatment or prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the endothelial effects of HDL are highly heterogeneous, and the impact of HDL of patients with CAD on the activation of endothelial eNOS and eNOS-dependent pathways is unknown. Here we have demonstrated that, in contrast to HDL from healthy subjects, HDL from patients with stable CAD or an acute coronary syndrome (HDLCAD) does not have endothelial antiinflammatory effects and does not stimulate endothelial repair because it fails to induce endothelial NO production. Mechanistically, this was because HDLCAD activated endothelial lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), triggering endothelial PKCβII activation, which in turn inhibited eNOS-activating pathways and eNOS-dependent NO production. We then identified reduced HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity as one molecular mechanism leading to the generation of HDL with endothelial PKCβII-activating properties, at least in part due to increased formation of malondialdehyde in HDL. Taken together, our data indicate that in patients with CAD, HDL gains endothelial LOX-1- and thereby PKCβII-activating properties due to reduced HDL-associated PON1 activity, and that this leads to inhibition of eNOS-activation and the subsequent loss of the endothelial antiinflammatory and endothelial repair-stimulating effects of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Besler
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Schmitt EK, Riwanto M, Sambandamurthy V, Roggo S, Miault C, Zwingelstein C, Krastel P, Noble C, Beer D, Rao SPS, Au M, Niyomrattanakit P, Lim V, Zheng J, Jeffery D, Pethe K, Camacho LR. The Natural Product Cyclomarin Kills Mycobacterium Tuberculosis by Targeting the ClpC1 Subunit of the Caseinolytic Protease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schmitt EK, Riwanto M, Sambandamurthy V, Roggo S, Miault C, Zwingelstein C, Krastel P, Noble C, Beer D, Rao SPS, Au M, Niyomrattanakit P, Lim V, Zheng J, Jeffery D, Pethe K, Camacho LR. The Natural Product Cyclomarin Kills Mycobacterium Tuberculosis by Targeting the ClpC1 Subunit of the Caseinolytic Protease. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5889-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Besler C, Heinrich K, Riwanto M, Lüscher TF, Landmesser U. High-density lipoprotein-mediated anti-atherosclerotic and endothelial-protective effects: a potential novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm Des 2010; 16:1480-93. [PMID: 20196740 DOI: 10.2174/138161210791051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) are associated with a substantially increased risk of coronary disease and cardiovascular events. Furthermore, numerous studies have suggested that HDL may exert several potentially important antiatherosclerotic and endothelial-protective effects. In particular, the promotion of reverse cholesterol transport, i.e. cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and the subsequent cholesterol transport back to the liver, has been proposed as an anti-atherogenic effect of HDL that may promote regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction is thought to play a critical role in development and progression of atherosclerosis and several recent studies have suggested that HDL exerts direct endothelial-protective effects, such as stimulation of endothelial production of the anti-atherogenic molecule nitric oxide, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Furthermore, it has been observed that HDL may stimulate endothelial repair processes, involving mobilisation and promotion of endothelial repair capacity of endothelial progenitor cells. The relative significance of these different potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of HDL remains still unclear at present. Importantly, at the same time it has been recognized that the vascular effects of HDL may be variable, i.e. the capacity of HDL to stimulate macrophage cholesterol efflux and endothelial-protective effects may be altered in patients with inflammatory or cardiovascular disease. The further characterisation of underlying mechanisms and the identification of the clinical relevance of this "HDL dysfunction" are currently an active field of research. HDL-targeted treatment strategies are at present intensely evaluated and may lead to increased HDL plasma levels and/or HDL-stimulated anti-atherosclerotic effects. The cardiovascular protection provided by such approaches may likely depend on HDL function or quality, i.e. the anti-atherosclerotic and endothelial-protective properties of the on-treatment HDL. Currently, several HDL-raising treatment strategies are examined in clinical trials, i.e. extended-release niacin, the CETP inhibitors dalcetrapib and anacetrapib, reconstituted forms of HDL (i.e. CSL-111) or apoA-I mimetics, and some of these are already in large clinical outcome studies on top of statin therapy to determine their efficacy and safety for cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Besler
- University Hospital Zurich Cardiovascular Center, Raemistrassse 100 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Han Y, Riwanto M, Go ML, Ee PL. Modulation of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) by non-basic chalcone analogues. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 35:30-41. [PMID: 18598762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chalcones are biosynthetic precursors of flavonoids found to possess cytotoxic and chemopreventive activities. In this study, 17 non-basic chalcone analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to modulate the function of either the human wild-type (482R) or mutant (482T) breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) stably expressed in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. At 5microM, chalcones with 2,4-dimethoxy groups or 2,4-dihydroxyl groups on ring A were found to increase mitoxantrone accumulation to a greater extent than an established BCRP inhibitor, fumitremorgin C. At the same time, these chalcones had negligible effect on calcein accumulation in P-glycoprotein overexpressing MDCKII cells, indicating their potential as selective BCRP inhibitors. Functionally, these compounds were able to increase the sensitivity of BCRP-overexpressing cancer cells to mitoxantrone by 2-5-fold. The effect of chalcone compounds on both wild-type and mutant BCRP ATPase activity was also examined and variable effects were observed. A stimulatory effect was mostly observed with chalcones with 2,4-dimethoxy substitution on ring A which were earmarked as good BCRP inhibitors in the MX accumulation and cytotoxicity assays. These findings underscore the potential of methoxylated and hydroxylated chalcones as selective and potent inhibitors of BCRP whose mode of action may not involve the inhibition of ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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