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Tesfaw A, Tiruneh M, Mamuye M, Walle Z, Teshager W, Teshome F, Taye A, Dessalegn W, Walle G, Gebeyehu AA. Magnitude and determinants of improved household latrine utilization in Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis of the mini Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2019. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289427. [PMID: 37531358 PMCID: PMC10395897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lack of sanitation is a major global problem mainly for the poor and disadvantaged. According to the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) report, one out of every three households lack a toilet in Ethiopia and about 56% of rural households use unimproved toilet facilities. We aimed to determine the magnitude of improved household latrine utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia using the mini-Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2019 data set. METHOD A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the mini 2019 EDHS data set. A total weighted sample of 8663 households were involved in analysis. After selecting the relevant variables for the outcome variable, we have fitted four different models. The null (empty) model with no independent variables and the second model contained the effects of the individual-level factors on the outcome variable. The third model included the influence of the community-level factors on the response variable, and the final multilevel multivariable logistic regression model examined the effects of individual-level and community-level variables on the outcome variable. The measure of variation was quantified using Intra-Class Correlation (ICC), Median Odds Ratio, and Proportional Change in Variance (PCV). The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association and statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05. RESULTS The magnitude of improved latrine utilization in Ethiopia was 19.5% with 95% CI (18.6%, 20.3%). The factors: educational status (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI: (1.10, 2.55), highest wealth index (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: (2.73, 5.12), urban residence (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI: (1.68, 5.67), living in Addis Ababa (AOR = 4.08; 95% CI: (1.03, 16.2) and Dire Dawa (AOR = 8.22; 95% CI: (2.46, 27.42) and Somali regions (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI: (1.15, 8.42) were significantly associated to improved latrine utilization in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION The magnitude of improved latrine utilization was quite low in Ethiopia. Higher wealth index, living in more urbanized areas, and the household head's educational status were all significant predictors of improved latrine utilization. The finding implies a need to increase household's access to latrine facilities and improve latrine utilization, particularly for rural households in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aragaw Tesfaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulu Tiruneh
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkalem Mamuye
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zebader Walle
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wondossen Teshager
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Teshome
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Taye
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wondimnew Dessalegn
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Walle
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Asaye Alemneh Gebeyehu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Minuye Birhane B, Alebachew Bayih W, Chanie M, Awoke G, Simegn A, Asnakew S, Mamuye M, Yeshambel A, Muche T, Demis A, Munye T, Endalamaw A, Eshetie Y, Kefale D, Chanie ES, Mengesha Yalew Z, Mesfin Belay D. Home based postpartum care and determinants in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272489. [PMID: 36007086 PMCID: PMC9409559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neonatal mortality remains a persisting public health challenge in Ethiopia. Timely intervention to neonatal morbidity and early neonatal care visit could reduce the burden of mortality. Studies related to home based postnatal care is limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess home based postnatal care visits and determinants in Ethiopia. Methods A secondary data analysis using 2016 EDHS data was conducted among 7590 women who had live births two years preceding the survey. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis model was used and those variables with a P-value ≤ of 0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered as predictors. Results: Home based postpartum care by health care providers was 6.3% and 67.9% of women gave birth at home. Women perceived that distance is not big problem [AOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.68], richer wealth index [AOR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.48], attending antenatal care visit [AOR = 2.17; 95% CI:1.57, 2.99], giving birth in health institution [AOR = 2.07; 95% CI:1.53, 2.80], giving birth by cesarean section [AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 2.33, 4.99], and having awareness about neonatal danger sign [AOR = 3.68; 95% CI: 2.90,4.70] were factors associated with home based postpartum care. Conclusion Home based care by health care providers was low. Therefore, measures should be taken in increasing the number of nearby health care facility, strengthen the continuum of care on antenatal care follow-up, institutional delivery and improve mother’s knowledge about neonatal danger sign.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muluken Chanie
- Debre Tabor Health Science College, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Awoke
- Debre Tabor Health Science College, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Simegn
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Asnakew
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkalem Mamuye
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Yeshambel
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Muche
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Demis
- College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - Tigabu Munye
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Endalamaw
- School of Health Sciences, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahirdar University, Bahirdar, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yeshambew Eshetie
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Demewoz Kefale
- College Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zemen Mengesha Yalew
- Department Comprehensive Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Wollo University, Ethiopia
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Abebe E, Tollesa T, Assefa M, Tilahun Z, Dinku Y, Abebaw S, Mamuye M. Cognitive functioning and its associated factors among breast cancer patients on chemotherapy at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia: an institution-based comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1052. [PMID: 34563150 PMCID: PMC8466660 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in the world. It is the commonest type of cancer in Ethiopia. Cognitive problems are common among breast cancer patients. The study aimed to assess cognitive functioning and its associated factors among breast cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2020. METHODS Institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. Study subjects were 117 breast cancer patients on chemotherapy and 117 women without breast cancer who volunteered for the study. Data was collected from May-June 2020. The Mini-mental status exam (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive functioning. Data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6.0.2 and analyzed using STATA version 14 software. Univariable and multivariable linear regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with cognitive functioning. A two-tailed p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS Among the total breast cancer patients 41.9% were diagnosed with earlier sage of the diseases (stage I and II), while the rest 58.1% were diagnosed with stage III and stage IV breast cancer. A significant difference in the MMSE score was observed among breast cancer patients and controls (19.76 ± 5.29, 25.18 ± 4.68 p < 0.0001) respectively. In multivariable linear regression analysis being non-breast cancer (Adjusted beta coefficient (Adj.β.coff). = 3.34, 95% CI (1.92-4.76) p < 0.001), hemoglobin gm/dl (Adj.β.coff =0.34, 95% CI (0.04-0.63) p = 0.02), and primary education (Adj.β.coff =2.98 95%CI (1.16-4.96) p = 0.001) secondary level and more education (Adj.β.coff = 5.47, 95%CI (3.51-7.28) p < 0.001) were significantly associated with MMSE cognitive score. CONCLUSION Breast cancer patients had lower mean MMSE scores when compared to non-breast cancer women. Higher hemoglobin level and higher level of education increase the MMSE cognitive score. Clinicians should incorporate routine screening of cognitive functioning for breast cancer patients and further study is required to evaluate cognitive impairment among breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgeit Abebe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Tollesa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Addis Ababa University, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mathewos Assefa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Addis Ababa University, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Tilahun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Dinku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Madda Wallabu University, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Sofonyas Abebaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkalem Mamuye
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Yisak H, Ewunetei A, Kefale B, Mamuye M, Teshome F, Ambaw B, Yideg Yitbarek G. Effects of Vitamin D on COVID-19 Infection and Prognosis: A Systematic Review. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:31-38. [PMID: 33447107 PMCID: PMC7800698 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s291584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D status is related to risks of influenza and respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D has direct antiviral effects primarily against enveloped viruses, and coronavirus is an enveloped virus. The 2019 coronavirus disease had a high mortality rate and impacted the whole population of the planet, with severe acute respiratory syndrome the principal cause of death. Vitamin D can adequately modulate and regulate the immune and oxidative response to infection with COVID-19. The goal of this systematic review was thus to summarize and decide if there were a link between vitamin D status and COVID-19 infection and prognosis. METHODS The protocol of this study is documented in the Prospero database and can be accessed with the protocol number CRD42020201283. PubMed and Google Scholar were used for a literature search from August 2020 to September 2020. We restricted the year of publication of reviewed articles to 2019-2020, and the selected language was English. Studies that used secondary data, feedback, or analysis of reviews were removed. To assess the standard of studies included, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method was used. RESULTS Of the nine studies reviewed, seven (77.8%) showed that COVID-19 infection, prognosis, and mortality were correlated with vitamin D status. CONCLUSION Most of the articles reviewed showed that blood vitamin D status can determine the risk of being infected with COVID-19, seriousness of COVID-19, and mortality from COVID-19. Therefore, maintaining appropriate levels of Vitamin D through supplementation or natural methods, eg, sunlight on the skin, is recommended for the public to be able to cope with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Yisak
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amien Ewunetei
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Kefale
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Melkalem Mamuye
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Fentaw Teshome
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanie Ambaw
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Yideg Yitbarek
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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