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Sayahinouri M, Mashayekhi Firouz S, Ebrahimi Sadrabadi A, Masoudnia M, Abdolahi M, Jafarzadeh F, Nouripour M, Mirzazadeh S, Zangeneh N, Jalili A, Aghdami N. Functionality of immune cells in COVID-19 infection: development of cell-based therapeutics. Bioimpacts 2023; 13:159-179. [PMID: 37193075 PMCID: PMC10182441 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In late December 2019, a sudden severe respiratory illness of unknown origin was reported in China. In early January 2020, the cause of COVID-19 infection was announced a new coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Examination of the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence revealed a close resemblance to the previously reported SARS-CoV and coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). However, initial testing of drugs used against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV has been ineffective in controlling SARS-CoV-2. One of the key strategies to fight the virus is to look at how the immune system works against the virus, which has led to a better understanding of the disease and the development of new therapies and vaccine designs. Methods: This review discussed the innate and acquired immune system responses and how immune cells function against the virus to shed light on the human body's defense strategies. Results: Although immune responses have been revealed critical to eradicating infections caused by coronaviruses, dysregulated immune responses can lead to immune pathologies thoroughly investigated. Also, the benefit of mesenchymal stem cells, NK cells, Treg cells, specific T cells, and platelet lysates have been submitted as promising solutions to prevent the effects of infection in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: It has been concluded that none of the above has undoubtedly been approved for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19, but clinical trials are underway better to understand the efficacy and safety of these cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sayahinouri
- Department of Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mashayekhi Firouz
- Department of Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi Sadrabadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Cytotech & Bioinformatics Research Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Masoudnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Abdolahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafarzadeh
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Modern Sciences, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meshkat Nouripour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Mirzazadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Zangeneh
- Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Parvaz Research Ideas Supporter Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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