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Caponegro MD, Oh K, Madeira MM, Radin D, Sterge N, Tayyab M, Moffitt RA, Tsirka SE. A distinct microglial subset at the tumor-stroma interface of glioma. Glia 2021; 69:1767-1781. [PMID: 33704822 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in high grade gliomas (HGG) has generated significant interest in an effort to understand how neoplastic lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) are supported and to devise novel therapeutic targets. The TME of the CNS contains unique and specialized cells, including the resident myeloid cells, microglia. Myeloid involvement in HGG, such as glioblastoma, is associated with poor outcomes. Glioma-associated microglia and infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (GAM) accumulate within the neoplastic lesion where they facilitate tumor growth and drive immunosuppression. However, it has been difficult to differentiate whether microglia and macrophages have similar or distinct roles in pathology, and if the spatial organization of these cells informs outcomes. Here, we characterize the tumor-stroma border and identify peritumoral GAM (PGAM) as a unique subpopulation of GAM. Using data mining and analyses of samples derived from both murine and human sources we show that PGAM exhibit a pro-inflammatory and chemotactic phenotype that is associated with peripheral monocyte recruitment, and decreased overall survival. PGAM act as a unique subset of GAM at the tumor-stroma interface. We define a novel gene signature to identify these cells and suggest that PGAM constitute a cellular target of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ki Oh
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Miguel M Madeira
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Radin
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Sterge
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Maryam Tayyab
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Richard A Moffitt
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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2
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Abstract
Studying monocytic cells in isolated systems in vitro contributes significantly to the understanding of innate immune physiology. Functional assays produce read outs which can be used to measure responses to selected stimuli, such as pathogen exposure, antigen loading, and cytokine stimulation. Integration of these results with high quality in vivo models allows for the development of therapeutics which target these cell populations. Current methodologies to quantify phagocytic function of monocytic cells in vitro either measure phagocytic activity of individual cells (average number of beads or particles/cell), or a population outcome (% cells that contain phagocytosed material). Here we address technical challenges and shortcomings of these methods and present a protocol for collecting and analyzing data derived from a functional assay which measures phagocytic activity of macrophage and macrophage-like cells. We apply this method to two different experimental conditions, and compare to existing work flows. We also provide an online tool for users to upload and analyze data using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Koenig Thompson
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Maryam Tayyab
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA
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3
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Caponegro MD, Oh K, Sterge N, Moffitt RA, Tsirka SE. A Microglial Subset at the Tumor‐Stroma Border in High Grade Glioma. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Caponegro MD, Tsirka SE. Abstract 1085: Neuropilin-1 deficient macrophages as a treatment strategy for glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Post-diagnosis survival of grade IV glioblastoma (GB) is a dismal 14 months in patients receiving standard of care therapy. With the development of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting non-cancerous, stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), new avenues are being pursued in clinical trials and pre-clinical animal models of advanced GB. Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) of the TME promote chemoattraction, immune suppression, neoangiogenesis, and tumor cell survival, which parallels tumor-infiltrating macrophage behavior of other solid malignancies. GAMs are now recognized as a potentially practical immunotherapeutic target in GB. Previously in our lab, we have shown that GAM-specific deletion of the cell surface co-receptor Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) drastically reduces pro-tumorigenic behavior of infiltrating microglia and/or macrophages in murine glioma by reducing immunosuppressive tendencies and neoangiogenesis. As an extension to our genetically-ablated mouse model, we present here a platform by which these NRP1-deficient monocytic cells can be harvested ex vivo and locally delivered into the TME of the bulk glioma lesion, to exert anti-tumorigenic effects. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to deliver cells of monocytic origin intratumorally as a therapeutic option.
Citation Format: Michael D. Caponegro, Stella E. Tsirka. Neuropilin-1 deficient macrophages as a treatment strategy for glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1085.
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Son J, Mandracchia B, Caponegro MD, Tsirka SE, Jia S. BSSE: An open-source image processing tool for miniaturized microscopy. Opt Express 2019; 27:17620-17637. [PMID: 31252719 PMCID: PMC6825597 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon-excitation-based miniaturized microscope, or miniscope, has recently emerged as a powerful tool for imaging neural ensemble activities in freely moving animals. In the meanwhile, this highly flexible and implantable technology promises great potential for studying a broad range of cells, tissues and organs. To date, however, applications have been largely limited by the properties of the imaging modality. It is therefore highly desirable for a method generally applicable for processing miniscopy images, enabling and extending the applications to diverse anatomical and functional traits, spanning various cell types in the brain and other organs. We report an image processing approach, termed BSSE, for background suppression and signal enhancement for miniscope image processing. The BSSE method provides a simple, automatic solution to the intrinsic challenges of overlapping signals, high background and artifacts in miniscopy images. We validated the method by imaging synthetic structures and various biological samples of brain, tumor, and kidney tissues. The work represents a generally applicable tool for miniscopy technology, suggesting broader applications of the miniaturized, implantable and flexible technology for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Son
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Biagio Mandracchia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Michael D. Caponegro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Stella E. Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Shu Jia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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6
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Caponegro MD, Tsirka SE. Neuropilin‐1 Deficient Macrophages as a Treatment Strategy for Glioblastoma. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.510.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Caponegro MD, Moffitt RA, Tsirka SE. Expression of neuropilin-1 is linked to glioma associated microglia and macrophages and correlates with unfavorable prognosis in high grade gliomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35655-35665. [PMID: 30479695 PMCID: PMC6235016 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas, including glioblastoma (GB), are devastating malignancies with very poor prognosis. Over the course of the last decade, there has been a failure to develop new treatments for GB. Reasons for this failure include the lack of validation of novel molecular targets, which are often characterized in animal models and directly transposed to human trials. Here we build on our previous findings, which describe how the multi-functional co-receptor Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) signals through glioma associated microglia/macrophages (GAMS) to promote murine glioma, and investigate NRP1 expression in human glioma. Clinical and gene expression data were obtained via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and analyzed using R statistical software. Additionally, CIBERSORT in silico deconvolution was used to determine fractions of immune cell sub-populations within the gene expression datasets. We find that NRP1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis, glioma grade, and associates with the mesenchymal GB subtype. In human GB, NRP1 expression is highly correlated with markers of monocytes/macrophages, as well as genes that contribute to the pro-tumorigenic phenotype of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Moffitt
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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8
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Caponegro MD, Torres LF, Rastegar C, Rath N, Anderson ME, Robinson JK, Tsirka SE. Pifithrin-μ modulates microglial activation and promotes histological recovery following spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:200-214. [PMID: 29962076 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments immediately after spinal cord injury (SCI) are anticipated to decrease neuronal death, disruption of neuronal connections, demyelination, and inflammation, and to improve repair and functional recovery. Currently, little can be done to modify the acute phase, which extends to the first 48 hours post-injury. Efforts to intervene have focused on the subsequent phases - secondary (days to weeks) and chronic (months to years) - to both promote healing, prevent further damage, and support patients suffering from SCI. METHODS We used a contusion model of SCI in female mice, and delivered a small molecule reagent during the early phase of injury. Histological and behavioral outcomes were assessed and compared. RESULTS We find that the reagent Pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ) acts early and directly on microglia in vitro, attenuating their activation. When administered during the acute phase of SCI, PFT-μ resulted in reduced lesion size during the initial inflammatory phase, and reduced the numbers of pro-inflammatory microglia and macrophages. Treatment with PFT-μ during the early stage of injury maintained a stable anti-inflammatory environment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a small molecule reagent PFT-μ has sustained immunomodulatory effects following a single dose after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Luisa F Torres
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cyrus Rastegar
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nisha Rath
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Anderson
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John K Robinson
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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9
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Caponegro MD, Miyauchi JT, Tsirka SE. Contributions of immune cell populations in the maintenance, progression, and therapeutic modalities of glioma. AIMS Allergy Immunol 2018; 2:24-44. [PMID: 32914058 PMCID: PMC7480949 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2018.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are becoming a promising strategy for malignant disease. Selectively directing host immune responses to target cancerous tissue is a milestone of human health care. The roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in both cancer progression and elimination are now being realized. Defining the immune cell environment and identifying the contributions of each sub-population of these cells has lead to an understanding of the immunotherapeutic processes, and demonstrated the potential of the immune system to drive cancer shrinkage and sustained immunity against disease. Poorly treated diseases, such as high-grade glioma, suffer from lack of therapeutic efficacy and rapid progression. Immunotherapeutic success in other solid malignancies, such as melanoma, now provides the principals for which this treatment paradigm can be adapted for primary brain cancers. The central nervous system is complex, and relative contributions of immune sub-populations to high grade glioma progression are not fully characterized. Here, we summarize recent research in both animal and humans which add to the knowledge base of how innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to glioma progression, and outline work which has demonstrated their potential to elicit anti-tumorigenic responses. Additionally, we highlight Neuropilin 1, a cell surface receptor protein, describe its signaling functions in the context of immunity, and point to its potential to slow glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Tetsuo Miyauchi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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10
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Miyauchi JT, Caponegro MD, Chen D, Choi MK, Li M, Tsirka SE. Deletion of Neuropilin 1 from Microglia or Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Slows Glioma Progression. Cancer Res 2017; 78:685-694. [PMID: 29097606 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAM), which infiltrate high-grade gilomas, constitute a major cellular component of these lesions. GAM behavior is influenced by tumor-derived cytokines that suppress initial antitumorigenic properties, causing them to support tumor growth and to convert and suppress adaptive immune responses to the tumor. Mice that lack the transmembrane receptor neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), which modulates GAM immune polarization, exhibit a decrease in glioma volumes and neoangiogenesis and an increase in antitumorigenic GAM infiltrate. Here we show that replacing the peripheral macrophage populations of wild-type mice with Nrp1-depleted bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) confers resistance to the development of glioma. This resistance occurred in a similar fashion seen in mice in which all macrophages lacked Nrp1 expression. Tumors had decreased volumes, decreased vascularity, increased CTL infiltrate, and Nrp1-depleted BMDM adopted a more antitumorigenic phenotype relative to wild-type GAMs within the tumors. Mice with Nrp1-deficient microglia and wild-type peripheral macrophages showed resistance to glioma development and had higher microglial infiltrate than mice with wild-type GAMs. Our findings show how manipulating Nrp1 in either peripheral macrophages or microglia reprograms their phenotype and their pathogenic roles in tumor neovascularization and immunosuppression.Significance: This study highlights the proangiogenic receptor neuropilin 1 in macrophages and microglial cells in gliomas as a pivotal modifier of tumor neovascularization and immunosuppression, strengthening emerging evidence of the functional coordination of these two fundamental traits of cancer. Cancer Res; 78(3); 685-94. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D Caponegro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Danling Chen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Matthew K Choi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Melvin Li
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
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