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Tackett WR, Yalakala J, Hambuchen MD. Co-administration of naloxone and dexmedetomidine to simultaneously reverse acute effects of fentanyl and methamphetamine in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 259:111301. [PMID: 38640863 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of combination methamphetamine (METH)-opioid overdose has substantially increased in recent years. While agitation is uncommon after the naloxone (NLX) reversal of opioids, it is a major clinical concern in acute METH intoxication and can be physiologically antagonized by opioid-induced sedation. This study aimed to perform initial preclinical analysis of the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEXMED) co-administered with NLX to attenuate METH-induced locomotor activity, as a rat model of agitation, after the reversal of fentanyl (FENT)-induced sedation. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were administered subcutaneous (SC) 0.1mg/kg FENT ± 1mg/kg METH. Fifteen min later, SC 0.1mg/kg NLX ± an increasing (0, 0.032, 0.056, and 0.1mg/kg) DEXMED dose was administered prior to the measurement of locomotor activity. After a washout period, the FENT ± METH and NLX ± DEXMED administration with the highest dose of DEXMED was administered for measurement of blood oxygen saturation and heart rate. RESULTS After the NLX reversal of FENT-induced sedation, adjunct DEXMED substantially and significantly reduced METH-induced locomotor activity (p<0.05) at all doses tested. While the addition of DEXMED did not significantly reduce blood oxygenation in METH treated rats, it did so in the absence of METH. Also, DEXMED significantly reduced heart rate compared to non-DEXMED treated groups and resulted in further significant reductions in the animals not exposed to METH (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data provide preclinical evidence that DEXMED may be a safe and effective chemical restraint for METH-induced agitation after NLX opioid reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Tackett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Stephen J. Kopp Hall 353, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jyostna Yalakala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Stephen J. Kopp Hall 353, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Stephen J. Kopp Hall 353, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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2
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Lewis AD, Bridwell MR, Hambuchen MD, Clay TB, Orwig KW. Correlation of MRSA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Nasal Swab in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia, Lung Abscess, and Empyema. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 105:115836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bridwell MR, Bajaj S, Gress TW, Hambuchen MD, Clay TB. Impact of MRSA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) wound swabs on antibiotic de-escalation in skin and soft tissue infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 103:115722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McGill MR, Findley DL, Mazur A, Yee EU, Allard FD, Powers A, Coward L, Blough ER, Gorman G, Hambuchen MD. Radiation Effects on Methamphetamine Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:319-330. [PMID: 35137360 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Whole-body radiation exposure has been shown to alter the pharmacokinetics of certain drugs in both animal models and humans, but little is known about the effect of radiation on psychoactive medications. These drugs may have altered pharmacokinetics when administered during or after space travel or therapeutic or accidental radiation exposure, resulting in reduced efficacy or increased toxicity. METHODS Methamphetamine was used to determine the effects of acutely administered 1, 3, and 6 Gy radiation on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 1, 3, or 6 Gy X-ray radiation on day 0. The serum pharmacokinetics of subcutaneously administered 1 mg/kg methamphetamine was determined on day 3. Methamphetamine-induced (1 mg/kg) locomotor activity was measured on day 5. Brain methamphetamine concentrations were determined 2 h after methamphetamine administration (1 mg/kg) on day 6. Renal and hepatic serum biomarkers were assessed on days 3 and 6, with liver histology performed on day 6. RESULTS While serum half-life and unchanged methamphetamine urine clearance were unaffected by any radiation dose, maximum methamphetamine concentrations and methamphetamine and amphetamine metabolite area under the serum concentration-time curve values from 0 to 300 min were significantly reduced after 6 Gy radiation exposure. Additionally, methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity and the brain to serum methamphetamine concentration ratio were significantly elevated after 6 Gy radiation. CONCLUSIONS While 1-6 Gy radiation exposure did not affect methamphetamine elimination, 6 Gy exposure had effects on both subcutaneous absorption and brain distribution. These effects should be considered when administering drugs during or after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - David L Findley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Kopp Hall 353, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Anna Mazur
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marshall University School of Medicine, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Felicia D Allard
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Allison Powers
- Office of Radiation Safety, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Lori Coward
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL, 35229, USA
| | - Eric R Blough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Kopp Hall 353, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Greg Gorman
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL, 35229, USA
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Kopp Hall 353, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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Clay TB, Orwig KW, Stevens RA, Davis EP, Jennings TM, Long TE, Riley BL, Hambuchen MD. Correlation of MRSA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) wound swab testing and wound cultures in skin and soft tissue infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115389. [PMID: 33991863 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a considerable pathogen in the setting of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). MRSA PCR swab testing is widely used in the setting of respiratory tract infections, however little data exists relating to the use of MRSA PCR swab testing in SSTIs. Three thousand, nine hundred and ninety-five patients were included in this retrospective study that aimed to validate the clinical correlation of MRSA PCR wound swab testing in SSTIs through sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) analysis. From this review, MRSA PCR wound swabs were found to have a sensitivity of 97.6% (97.5-98.5), a specificity of 94.9% (94.3-95.7), a PPV of 92.3% (91.4-93.2), and a NPV of 98.4% (98.0-98.8). The study results demonstrate that the MRSA SSTI PCR assays have a high NPV and the potential to be a vital tool in de-escalating antimicrobial therapy associated with SSTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Clay
- St. Mary's Medical Center, Huntington, WV; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV.
| | | | | | - Emily P Davis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Timothy M Jennings
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Timothy E Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Brittany L Riley
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV
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Findley DL, Berquist MD, Hambuchen MD. Methamphetamine-Induced Open Field Behavior and LD50 in Periplaneta americana Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattidae). J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:476-480. [PMID: 33146384 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate animal studies of methamphetamine (METH) could allow for high throughput, inexpensive, and high-animal number pharmacology and toxicology studies. We hypothesized that in Periplaneta americana cockroaches, METH would increase locomotion compared to saline and produce lethality. Lethal dose, 50% (LD50) was determined with 0-1,780 µg/g (mg/kg) METH (n = 15-16/group) using logit analysis. Locomotor activity after METH (0-560 mg/kg, intra-abdominal, n = 8 per group) administration and spontaneous locomotor activity in surviving cockroaches in an open field 24 h after LD50 study doses was measured with Noldus Ethovision. The LD50 of METH was 823.1 mg/kg (more than 10-fold greater than the value in rats). There were significant decreases in spontaneous locomotor activity in surviving cockroaches after administration of 650 and 750 mg/kg METH (P < 0.05). While 100 mg/kg METH did not significantly increase METH locomotor activity relative to saline, 300 mg/kg METH significantly increased locomotor activity compared to saline (P < 0.05), and 560 mg/kg METH resulted in most of the cockroaches slowly moving around the open field in the supine position for most of the trial. In conclusion, METH produces pharmacological and toxicological effects in P. americana. The high availability, low cost, and relative ease of use of these animals makes them a potential, very accessible option for studying METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Findley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV
| | - Michael D Berquist
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, St. Little Rock, AR
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV
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Vazquez JH, Clemens MM, Allard FD, Yee EU, Kennon-McGill S, Mackintosh SG, Jaeschke H, Hambuchen MD, McGill MR. Identification of Serum Biomarkers to Distinguish Hazardous and Benign Aminotransferase Elevations. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:244-254. [PMID: 31651977 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard circulating biomarker of liver injury in both clinical settings and drug safety testing is alanine aminotransferase (ALT). However, ALT elevations sometimes lack specificity for tissue damage. To identify novel serum biomarkers with greater specificity for injury, we combined unique animal models with untargeted proteomics, followed by confirmation with immunoblotting. Using proteomics, we identified 109 proteins in serum from mice with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury that were not detectable in serum from mice with benign ALT elevations due to high-dose dexamethasone (Dex). We selected 4 (alcohol dehydrogenase 1A1 [Aldh1a1], aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 [Adh1], argininosuccinate synthetase 1 [Ass1], and adenosylhomocysteinase [Ahcy]) with high levels for further evaluation. Importantly, all 4 were specific for injury when using immunoblots to compare serum from Dex-treated mice and mice with similar lower ALT elevations due to milder models of APAP or bromobenzene-induced liver injury. Immunoblotting for ALDH1A1, ADH1, and ASS1 in serum from APAP overdose patients without liver injury and APAP overdose patients with mild liver injury revealed that these candidate biomarkers can be detected in humans with moderate liver injury as well. Interestingly, further experiments with serum from rats with bile duct ligation-induced liver disease indicated that Aldh1a1 and Adh1 are not detectable in serum in cholestasis and may therefore be specific for hepatocellular injury and possibly even drug-induced liver injury, in particular. Overall, our results strongly indicate that ALDH1A1, ADH1, and ASS1 are promising specific biomarkers for liver injury. Adoption of these biomarkers could improve preapproval drug safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Vazquez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.,Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences
| | - Melissa M Clemens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.,Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences
| | - Felicia D Allard
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Eric U Yee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Stefanie Kennon-McGill
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25701
| | - Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health
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Hambuchen MD, Clay TB. Interdisciplinary communication to efficiently develop integrated pharmacotherapeutic sessions. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2020; 12:1375-1378. [PMID: 32867938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integration of clinical, biomedical, social, administrative, and pharmaceutical sciences in a pharmacotherapeutics course is beneficial to student education. Unfortunately, the perceived increase in time, commitment, and workload required to produce integrated material often serves as a barrier to high level academic integration. This commentary discusses how interdisciplinary faculty communication started at the beginning of content development, using an initial brief planning session and ongoing unscheduled flexible methods, can efficiently produce integrated material without substantially increasing faculty workload compared to independently produced integrated course material. COMMENTARY Content development can be streamlined during a short initial meeting to consider the relevant disciplines (e.g., pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, clinical sciences) for a topic and to collaboratively develop corresponding content outlines. To produce fully integrated material, collaborators should develop content using a cloud-based file sharing system and communicate using asynchronous, electronic means to ask questions and provide suggestions to collaborators. IMPLICATIONS Interdisciplinary communication is the foundation of integrated pharmacotherapeutic sessions, but supplemental meetings in addition to already required faculty meetings are both challenging to schedule and time consuming. With proper planning and the deliberate use of both continuous file sharing and asynchronous electronic communication, educators can produce parallel content emphasizing key concepts across disciplines without substantially increasing faculty workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hambuchen
- Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia, United States.
| | - Tyler B Clay
- Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia, United States.
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9
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Berquist MD, McGill MR, Mazur A, Findley DL, Gorman G, Jones CB, Hambuchen MD. Effect of bile duct ligation-induced liver dysfunction on methamphetamine pharmacokinetics in male and female rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108190. [PMID: 32736295 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several disease states commonly associated with methamphetamine (METH) use produce liver dysfunction, and in the bile duct ligation (BDL) model of hepatic dysfunction, rats with liver injury are more sensitive to METH effects. Additionally, both female rats and humans are known to be more sensitive to METH than males. In consideration of known sex-dependent differences in METH pharmacokinetics, this study sought to determine the potential interaction between sex and liver dysfunction variables on METH pharmacokinetics. METHODS Sham or BDL surgery was performed on male and female rats on day 0. Serum biomarker and pharmacokinetics studies with 3 mg/kg subcutaneous (SC) METH were performed on day 7. METH-induced weight loss was measured on day 8. Liver histology evaluation and brain METH concentration measurements were performed on day 9. RESULTS While BDL surgery produced significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase and bile duct proliferation in male compared to female rats, there were no significant interactions between sex and liver function in the pharmacokinetic parameters. Both liver dysfunction and female sex, however, were associated with significantly slower METH serum clearance and significantly higher brain METH concentrations (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS BDL-induced hepatic dysfunction produces substantial reductions in METH clearance and increased brain METH concentrations in both male and female rats, despite less liver injury in females. This preclinical model may be useful to identify and correct potential liver dysfunction comorbidity-related problems with future pharmacotherapy for stimulant use disorder with METH prior to expensive clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Berquist
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Anna Mazur
- Department of Biomedical Science, Marshall University School of Medicine, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - David L Findley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Greg Gorman
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA
| | - Cynthia B Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV, 25755, USA.
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Hambuchen MD, Berquist MD, Simecka CM, McGill MR, Gunnell MG, Hendrickson HP, Owens SM. Effect of Bile Duct Ligation-induced Liver Dysfunction on Methamphetamine Pharmacokinetics and Locomotor Activity in Rats. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2020; 22:301-312. [PMID: 31329536 DOI: 10.18433/jpps30471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is associated with hepatic dysfunction related comorbidities such as HIV, hepatitis C, and polysubstance abuse with acetaminophen-containing opioid formulations. We aimed to develop a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic dysfunction model for studying both METH and experimental treatments for METH abuse in this comorbidity. METHODS Sham or BDL surgery was performed in male Wistar rats on day 0. Liver function was measured throughout the study. On days 7 and 19, serum pharmacokinetics studies were performed with 1 mg/kg subcutaneous (sc) METH. On day 21, this dose was repeated to determine 2 h post-METH brain concentrations. METH-induced open field behaviors were measured every other day (days 12 - 16) with ascending sc doses (0.3 - 3 mg/kg). RESULTS BDL transiently increased alanine aminotransferase levels and altered liver structure, which resulted in significantly greater METH serum and brain exposure. In the BDL compared to sham group, there was a longer duration of METH-induced locomotor activity (after 1 and 3 mg/kg) and stereotypy (after 3 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS In rats, liver dysfunction reduced METH clearance, increased brain METH concentrations, and enhanced METH effects on locomotor activity in a dose dependent manner. In addition, this model could be further developed to simulate the associated hepatic dysfunction of key METH abuse comorbidities for preclinical testing of novel pharmacotherapies for effectiveness and/or toxicity in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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11
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Hay CE, Ewing LE, Hambuchen MD, Zintner SM, Small JC, Bolden CT, Fantegrossi WE, Margaritis P, Owens SM, Peterson EC. The Development and Characterization of an scFv-Fc Fusion-Based Gene Therapy to Reduce the Psychostimulant Effects of Methamphetamine Abuse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:16-23. [PMID: 32245884 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.261180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) continues to be among the most addictive and abused drugs in the United States. Unfortunately, there are currently no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological treatments for METH-use disorder. We have previously explored the use of adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated gene transfer of an anti-METH monoclonal antibody. Here, we advance our approach by generating a novel anti-METH single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-Fc fusion construct (termed 7F9-Fc) packaged into AAV serotype 8 vector (called AAV-scFv-Fc) and tested in vivo and ex vivo. A range of doses [1 × 1010, 1 × 1011, and 1 × 1012 vector copies (vcs)/mouse] were administered to mice, eliciting a dose-dependent expression of 7F9-Fc in serum with peak circulating concentrations of 48, 1785, and 3831 µg/ml, respectively. Expressed 7F9-Fc exhibited high-affinity METH binding, IC50 = 17 nM. Between days 21 and 35 after vector administration, at both 1 × 1011 vc/mouse and 1 × 1012 vc/mouse doses, the AAV-7F9-Fc gene therapy significantly decreased the potency of METH in locomotor assays. On day 116 post-AAV administration, mice expressing 7F9-Fc sequestered over 2.5 times more METH in the serum than vehicle-treated mice, and METH concentrations in the brain were reduced by 1.2 times the value for vehicle mice. These data suggest that an AAV-delivered anti-METH Fc fusion antibody could be used to persistently reduce concentrations of METH in the central nervous system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this manuscript, we describe the testing of a novel antimethamphetamine (METH) single-chain variable fragment-Fc fusion protein delivered in mice using gene therapy. The results suggest that the gene therapy delivery system can lead to the production of significant antibody concentrations that mitigate METH's psychostimulant effects in mice over an extended time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Hay
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - Laura E Ewing
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - Shannon M Zintner
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - Juliana C Small
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - Chris T Bolden
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - Paris Margaritis
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - S Michael Owens
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
| | - Eric C Peterson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (C.E.H., L.E.E., M.D.H., C.T.B., W.E.F., S.M.O., E.C.P,); The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.M.Z., J.C.S., P.M.,); The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.); and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.M.)
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Hambuchen MD, Mazur A, Findley DL, McGill MR. Radiation‐induced Changes in Stimulant Pharmacokinetics Relevant to Long‐distance Space Travel. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitchell R. McGill
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health
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13
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McClenahan SJ, Kormos CM, Mu S, Hambuchen MD, Carroll IF, Owens SM. Pharmacokinetic, Cardiovascular and Locomotor Effects of alpha‐Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (alpha‐PVP) in Male Sprague Dawley Rats after Active Vaccination. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.664.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J McClenahan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | | | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | - Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | | | - S Michael Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
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14
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Hay CE, Ewing LE, Hambuchen MD, Margaritis P, Owens SM, Peterson EC. Anti‐Methamphetamine Antibody Gene Therapy Ameliorates Methamphetamine‐induced Locomotor Effects in Mice for 8 Months after a Single Treatment. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.550.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Hay
- University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | - Laura E. Ewing
- University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
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15
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Hambuchen MD, Hendrickson HP, Gunnell MG, McClenahan SJ, Owens SM. Organ Distribution and Clearance of (3,4)‐Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Enantiomers in Female and Male Rats after Intravenous Administration of Racemic MDPV. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.681.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Hambuchen
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | | | - Melinda G. Gunnell
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | | | - S Michael Owens
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
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16
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Hambuchen MD, Hendrickson HP, Gunnell MG, McClenahan SJ, Ewing LE, Gibson DM, Berquist MD, Owens SM. The pharmacokinetics of racemic MDPV and its (R) and (S) enantiomers in female and male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:347-354. [PMID: 28844011 PMCID: PMC5600196 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND These studies investigated the serum pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of racemic (3,4)-methylenedioxypyrovalerone [(R,S)-MDPV)] and its (R)- and (S)-enantiomers in female and male Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS Intravenous (R,S)-MDPV (3 and 5.6mg/kg) and single enantiomer of (R)- and (S)-MDPV (1.5mg/kg) were administered to both sexes for PK studies. Intraperitoneal (ip) bioavailability was determined at 3mg/kg (R,S)-MDPV. Locomotor activity studies were conducted after ip treatment with saline and 0.3-5.6mg/kg of (R,S)-MDPV. RESULTS PK values after iv (R,S)-MDPV showed a significant (p<0.05) sex-dependent differences in the volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) for (R)- and (R,S)-MDPV at both (R,S)-MDPV doses. The female S/R enantiomeric ratios for area under the concentration time curve (AUCinf) and clearance were significantly lower and higher, respectively, than values determined in males. Importantly, there was no evidence of in vivo inversion of (R)-MDPV or (S)-MDPV to its antipode. There were, however, significant sex-dependent differences in volume of distribution after administration of the (R)-enantiomer. Bioavailability studies of ip (R,S)-MDPV showed greater variability and significantly greater bioavailability in male rats. Accordingly, there was a significantly greater maximal distance traveled measurement in male rats at a 3.0mg/kg dose. CONCLUSION PK sex differences in (R,S)-MDPV and enantiomers were most apparent in volume of distribution, which could be caused by differences in drug blood and tissue protein binding. The increased magnitude and variance in ip bioavailability in male compared to female rats could lead to sex-dependent differences in the pharmacological action caused by active enantiomer (S)-MDPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Howard P. Hendrickson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Melinda G. Gunnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Samantha J. McClenahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Laura E. Ewing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Dillon M. Gibson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Michael D. Berquist
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - S. Michael Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Hambuchen MD, Hendrickson HP, Owens SM. Chiral determination of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone enantiomers in rat serum. Anal Methods 2017; 9:609-617. [PMID: 28286575 PMCID: PMC5343766 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay03176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The emerging stimulant drug of abuse (3,4)-methylenedioxypyrovalerone [(R,S)-MDPV] is self-administered as a racemic mixture by intranasal, iv, oral, and smoking routes. The individual enantiomers are known to have widely different pharmacological effects, with (S)-MDPV showing much greater potency than (R)-MDPV in pharmacological testing. The goal of these studies was to develop and validate an analytical method for quantitation of (R)-MDPV, (S)-MDPV and (R,S)-MDPV in small volumes of rat serum using a chiral separation column and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method was validated for selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The method was also used to determine the enantiomeric stability of the individual enantiomers during sample cleanup and analysis. The linear dynamic range of the calibration curve was 1 - 1000 ng/ml for each enantiomer. Concentration values for the lower limit of quantitation (1 ng/ml) were within 30% of their nominal value, but all other calibration standards were <20% of their nominal value. With proper storage and handling of samples, the two MDPV enantiomers were shown to remain stable in rat serum without any apparent racemization during the time needed for analysis. Finally, the ruggedness of the method was demonstrated with diluted and undiluted serum samples collected from Sprague Dawley rats in a preliminary pharmacokinetic study at 3 mg/kg of (R,S)-MDPV. In summary, the assay used a simple sample preparation method, reversed-phase chiral chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry to achieve accurate and selective determinations of MDPV enantiomer concentrations in small volumes of serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Howard P. Hendrickson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - S. Michael Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine,
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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18
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Hambuchen MD, Rüedi-Bettschen D, Gunnell MG, Hendrickson H, Owens SM. Chronic treatment of (+)-methamphetamine-induced locomotor effects in rats using one or a combination of two high affinity anti-methamphetamine monoclonal antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2240-8. [PMID: 27163775 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1179407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that treatment of methamphetamine (METH) effects with a mixture of 2 high affinity anti-METH monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with differing molecular recognition for METH-like structures could increase efficacy compared to treatment with a single mAb. The antibodies studied were mAb7F9 (METH and amphetamine [AMP] KD = 7.7 and 270 nM) and mAb4G9 (16 nM and 110 nM, respectively) in a 50:50 mixture. Adult male Sprague Dawley Rats were treated with iv saline or a loading dose of mAb7F9-mAb4G9 (141 mg/kg of each mAb) followed by 2 weekly doses (70.5 mg/kg total) on days 7 and 14. METH challenge doses (0.56 mg/kg) were administered 4 hrs and 3 days after each mAb7F9-mAb4G9 treatment, and 7 days after the final treatment (day 21). Locomotor activity (0-4 hrs) and serum METH and AMP concentrations (at 5 hrs) were measured after each METH challenge. MAb7F9-mAb4G9 treatment significantly reduced the duration of locomotor activity after 6 of the 7 METH doses (P < 0.05) and significantly increased serum METH and AMP concentrations. Administering three-fold higher METH doses (1.68 mg/kg) on days 24 and 28 showed mAb7F9-mAb4G9 treatment had negligible effects on the duration of METH-induced locomotor activity. These data were then compared to previous monotherapy data. While mAb7F9-mAb4G9 therapy inhibited the effects of multiple METH challenge doses, the inhibition was not as profound or as long lasting as the effects of mAb7F9 treatment alone. These data demonstrate the importance of both mAb affinity and specificity in the production of effective, long-lasting anti-METH mAb therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hambuchen
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Melinda G Gunnell
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Howard Hendrickson
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - S Michael Owens
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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19
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Hambuchen MD, Carroll FI, Rüedi-Bettschen D, Hendrickson HP, Hennings LJ, Blough BE, Brieaddy LE, Pidaparthi RR, Owens SM. Combining Active Immunization with Monoclonal Antibody Therapy To Facilitate Early Initiation of a Long-Acting Anti-Methamphetamine Antibody Response. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4665-77. [PMID: 25973614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that an anti-METH mAb could be used in combination with a METH-conjugate vaccine (MCV) to safely improve the overall quality and magnitude of the anti-METH immune response. The benefits would include immediate onset of action (from the mAb), timely increases in the immune responses (from the combined therapy) and duration of antibody response that could last for months (from the MCV). A novel METH-like hapten (METH-SSOO9) was synthesized and then conjugated to immunocyanin monomers of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (IC(KLH)) to create the MCV ICKLH-SOO9. The vaccine, in combination with previously discovered anti-METH mAb7F9, was then tested in rats for safety and potential efficacy. The combination antibody therapy allowed safe achievement of an early high anti-METH antibody response, which persisted throughout the study. Indeed, even after 4 months the METH vaccine antibodies still had the capacity to significantly reduce METH brain concentrations resulting from a 0.56 mg/kg METH dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hambuchen
- †Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - F Ivy Carroll
- ‡Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen
- †Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Howard P Hendrickson
- §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Leah J Hennings
- ∥Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Bruce E Blough
- ‡Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lawrence E Brieaddy
- ‡Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | | | - S Michael Owens
- †Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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20
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Peterson EC, Hambuchen MD, Tawney RL, Gunnell MG, Cowell JL, Lay JO, Blough BE, Carroll FI, Owens SM. Simple radiometric method for accurately quantitating epitope densities of hapten-protein conjugates with sulfhydryl linkages. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:2112-5. [PMID: 25426820 PMCID: PMC4275166 DOI: 10.1021/bc500456z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Control of small molecule hapten
epitope densities on antigenic
carrier proteins is essential for development and testing of optimal
conditions for vaccines. Yet, accurate determination of epitope density
can be extremely difficult to accomplish, especially with the use
of small haptens, large molecular weight carrier proteins, and limited
amounts of protein. Here we report a simple radiometric method that
uses 14C-labeled cystine to measure hapten epitope densities
during sulfhydryl conjugation of haptens to maleimide activated carrier
proteins. The method was developed using a (+)-methamphetamine (METH)-like
hapten with a sulfhydryl terminus, and two prototype maleimide activated
carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunocyanin monomers
of keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The method was validated by immunochemical
analysis of the hapten–BSA conjugates, and least-squares linear
regression analysis of epitope density values determined by the new
radiometric method versus values determined by matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Results showed that radiometric
epitope density values correlated extremely well with the mass spectrometrically
derived values (r2 = 0.98, y = 0.98x + 0.91). This convenient and simple method
could be useful during several stages of vaccine development including
the optimization and monitoring of conditions for hapten–protein
conjugations, and choosing the most effective epitope densities for
conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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21
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Laurenzana EM, Stevens MW, Frank JC, Hambuchen MD, Hendrickson HP, White SJ, Williams DK, Owens SM, Gentry WB. Pharmacological effects of two anti-methamphetamine monoclonal antibodies. Supporting data for lead candidate selection for clinical development. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:2638-47. [PMID: 25483484 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This lead candidate selection study compared two anti-(+)-methamphetamine (METH) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to determine their ability to reduce METH-induced locomotor effects and redistribute METH and (+)-amphetamine (AMP) in a preclinical overdose model. Both mAbs have high affinity for METH, but mAb4G9 has moderate and mAb7F9 has low affinity for AMP. In the placebo-controlled behavioral experiment, the effects of each mAb on the locomotor response to a single 1 mg/kg intravenous (IV) METH dose were determined in rats. The doses of mAb binding sites were administered such that they equaled 1, 0.56, 0.32, and 0.1 times the molar equivalent (mol-eq) of METH in the body 30 min after the METH dose. METH disposition was determined in separate animals that similarly received either a 1 or 0.32 mol-eq dose of mAb binding sites 30 min after a 1 mg/kg METH dose. Total METH-induced distance traveled was significantly reduced in rats that received the highest three doses of each mAb compared with saline. The duration of METH effects was also significantly reduced by mAb7F9 at the highest dose. The disposition of METH was altered dose-dependently by both mAbs as shown in reductions of volume of distribution and total clearance, and increases in elimination half-life. These data indicate that both mAbs are effective at reducing METH-induced behavior and favorably altering METH disposition. Both were therefore suitable for further preclinical testing as potential human medications for treating METH use; however, due to results reported here and in later studies, mAb7F9 was selected for clinical development.
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Key Words
- AMP, (+)-amphetamine
- AUC, area under the concentration vs. time curve
- ClT, total body clearance
- Cmax, maximum concentration
- IV, intravenous
- JVC, jugular venous catheter
- KD, dissociation constant
- KI, concentration of inhibitor which prevents 50% of the target ligand from binding
- LMA, locomotor activity
- MDMA, (+)-3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine
- METH, (+)-methamphetamine
- SD, standard deviation
- Tmax, time of maximum concentration
- Vd, volume of distribution
- addiction
- id, inner diameter
- lead candidate selection
- locomotor activity
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- methamphetamine
- mol-eq, molar equivalent
- monoclonal antibody
- overdose
- pharmacokinetics
- rat
- t1/2λz, terminal elimination half-life
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Laurenzana
- a University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences ; Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology ; Little Rock , AR USA
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Hambuchen MD, Rüedi-Bettschen D, Williams DK, Hendrickson H, Owens SM. Treatment of rats with an anti-(+)-methamphetamine monoclonal antibody shortens the duration of action of repeated (+)-methamphetamine challenges over a one month period. Vaccine 2014; 32:6213-9. [PMID: 25252196 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed clinical scenarios of continuing monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment for (+)-methamphetamine (METH) addiction, and the implications of missing or discontinuing this therapy. We hypothesized that chronic anti-METH mAb7F9 (METH KD=9 nM) treatment of rats could significantly decrease METH-induced behaviors; even with repeated METH challenges, use of METH doses in excess of mAb binding sites, and after discontinuing mAb treatment which results in a 10-fold reduction in mAb7F9 serum concentrations. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=6/group) were treated with i.v. saline or a loading dose of mAb7F9 to achieve instant steady-state conditions followed by two weekly (141 mg/kg) doses ending on day 14. METH (0.56 mg/kg) was administered 4h and three days after each saline or mAb7F9 treatment, and on day 21. This produced locomotion and rearing behavior that lasted about 120 min in control rats. In mAb7F9 treated rats, METH-induced distance traveled was significantly reduced from 60 to 120 min (P<0.05) on days 0-21 and rearing was significantly reduced from 60 to 120 min on days 0-17. METH serum concentrations determined 5h after METH dosing was significantly increased in mAb7F9-treated rats after all METH challenges. On days 24 and 28 (the final day), the rats were administered a 3-fold higher METH dose (1.68 mg/kg). MAb7F9 treated rats showed a substantially earlier termination of the METH-induced locomotion on both days, even though the METH dose exceeded mAb7F9s binding capacity. METH brain concentrations determined 5h after METH on day 28 were also significantly decreased in mAb7F9-treated rats. In conclusion, over one month, mAb7F9 significantly and continuously bound METH and reduced METH-induced locomotor effects even after discontinuation of mAb treatment and challenge with higher METH doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hambuchen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - D Keith Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Howard Hendrickson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - S Michael Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Owens SM, Atchley WT, Hambuchen MD, Peterson EC, Gentry WB. Monoclonal antibodies as pharmacokinetic antagonists for the treatment of (+)-methamphetamine addiction. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2012; 10:892-8. [PMID: 22229314 DOI: 10.2174/187152711799219370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing specific medications to treat (+)-methamphetamine (METH) addiction is a difficult challenge because METH has multiple sites of action that are intertwined with normal neurological function. As a result, no small molecule medication for the treatment of METH addiction has made it through the FDA clinical trials process. With the invention of a new generation of proteinbased therapies, it is now possible to consider treating drug addiction by an entirely different approach. This new approach is based on the discovery of very high affinity anti-METH monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are non-addictive and antagonize METH effects from the blood stream without entering the brain. Due to a very long biological half-life, anti-METH mAbs would only need to be administered once every 2-4 weeks, aiding in patient compliance. As a relapse prevention medication, anti-METH mAbs could reduce or prevent the rewarding effects of a relapse to METH use and thereby improve a patient's probability of remaining in therapy and recovering from their addiction. In this review, we discuss the discovery process of anti-METH mAbs, with a focus on the preclinical development leading to high affinity anti-METH mAb antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michael Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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