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Bowen TA, Chandran BDG, Squire J, Bale SD, Duan D, Klein KG, Larson D, Mallet A, McManus MD, Meyrand R, Verniero JL, Woodham LD. Erratum: In situ Signature of Cyclotron Resonant Heating in the Solar Wind [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 165101 (2022)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:259901. [PMID: 38181376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.259901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.165101.
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Bale SD, Drake JF, McManus MD, Desai MI, Badman ST, Larson DE, Swisdak M, Horbury TS, Raouafi NE, Phan T, Velli M, McComas DJ, Cohen CMS, Mitchell D, Panasenco O, Kasper JC. Interchange reconnection as the source of the fast solar wind within coronal holes. Nature 2023; 618:252-256. [PMID: 37286648 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fast solar wind that fills the heliosphere originates from deep within regions of open magnetic field on the Sun called 'coronal holes'. The energy source responsible for accelerating the plasma is widely debated; however, there is evidence that it is ultimately magnetic in nature, with candidate mechanisms including wave heating1,2 and interchange reconnection3-5. The coronal magnetic field near the solar surface is structured on scales associated with 'supergranulation' convection cells, whereby descending flows create intense fields. The energy density in these 'network' magnetic field bundles is a candidate energy source for the wind. Here we report measurements of fast solar wind streams from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft6 that provide strong evidence for the interchange reconnection mechanism. We show that the supergranulation structure at the coronal base remains imprinted in the near-Sun solar wind, resulting in asymmetric patches of magnetic 'switchbacks'7,8 and bursty wind streams with power-law-like energetic ion spectra to beyond 100 keV. Computer simulations of interchange reconnection support key features of the observations, including the ion spectra. Important characteristics of interchange reconnection in the low corona are inferred from the data, including that the reconnection is collisionless and that the energy release rate is sufficient to power the fast wind. In this scenario, magnetic reconnection is continuous and the wind is driven by both the resulting plasma pressure and the radial Alfvénic flow bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Bale
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - J F Drake
- Department of Physics, the Institute for Physical Science and Technology and the Joint Space Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M D McManus
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M I Desai
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S T Badman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D E Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Swisdak
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - T S Horbury
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N E Raouafi
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - T Phan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Velli
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D J McComas
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - C M S Cohen
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - O Panasenco
- Advanced Heliophysics Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J C Kasper
- BWX Technologies, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Bowen TA, Chandran BDG, Squire J, Bale SD, Duan D, Klein KG, Larson D, Mallet A, McManus MD, Meyrand R, Verniero JL, Woodham LD. In Situ Signature of Cyclotron Resonant Heating in the Solar Wind. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:165101. [PMID: 36306754 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.165101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation of magnetized turbulence is an important paradigm for describing heating and energy transfer in astrophysical environments such as the solar corona and wind; however, the specific collisionless processes behind dissipation and heating remain relatively unconstrained by measurements. Remote sensing observations have suggested the presence of strong temperature anisotropy in the solar corona consistent with cyclotron resonant heating. In the solar wind, in situ magnetic field measurements reveal the presence of cyclotron waves, while measured ion velocity distribution functions have hinted at the active presence of cyclotron resonance. Here, we present Parker Solar Probe observations that connect the presence of ion-cyclotron waves directly to signatures of resonant damping in observed proton-velocity distributions using the framework of quasilinear theory. We show that the quasilinear evolution of the observed distribution functions should absorb the observed cyclotron wave population with a heating rate of 10^{-14} W/m^{3}, indicating significant heating of the solar wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Bowen
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Benjamin D G Chandran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Jonathan Squire
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, 730 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stuart D Bale
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Die Duan
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kristopher G Klein
- Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Davin Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Alfred Mallet
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Michael D McManus
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Romain Meyrand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, 730 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Jaye L Verniero
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Lloyd D Woodham
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Bowen TA, Mallet A, Bale SD, Bonnell JW, Case AW, Chandran BDG, Chasapis A, Chen CHK, Duan D, Dudok de Wit T, Goetz K, Halekas JS, Harvey PR, Kasper JC, Korreck KE, Larson D, Livi R, MacDowall RJ, Malaspina DM, McManus MD, Pulupa M, Stevens M, Whittlesey P. Constraining Ion-Scale Heating and Spectral Energy Transfer in Observations of Plasma Turbulence. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:025102. [PMID: 32701332 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.025102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We perform a statistical study of the turbulent power spectrum at inertial and kinetic scales observed during the first perihelion encounter of the Parker Solar Probe. We find that often there is an extremely steep scaling range of the power spectrum just above the ion-kinetic scales, similar to prior observations at 1 A.U., with a power-law index of around -4. Based on our measurements, we demonstrate that either a significant (>50%) fraction of the total turbulent energy flux is dissipated in this range of scales, or the characteristic nonlinear interaction time of the turbulence decreases dramatically from the expectation based solely on the dispersive nature of nonlinearly interacting kinetic Alfvén waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Bowen
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Alfred Mallet
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Stuart D Bale
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - J W Bonnell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Anthony W Case
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin D G Chandran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
- Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Alexandros Chasapis
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - Christopher H K Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Die Duan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Thierry Dudok de Wit
- LPC2E, CNRS and University of Orléans, 3 Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Keith Goetz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jasper S Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Peter R Harvey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - J C Kasper
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kelly E Korreck
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Davin Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Roberto Livi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Robert J MacDowall
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - David M Malaspina
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
- Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael D McManus
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA
| | - Marc Pulupa
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
| | - Michael Stevens
- Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Phyllis Whittlesey
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7450, USA
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McManus MD, Skinner JB, Hughes DP. The Addition of Hydrogen Halides to the Carbonyl Group to give gem-halogenohydrins. Journal of Chemical Research 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13088402534637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
By conductivity measurements, it has been shown that HCl, HBr and HI undergo addition to propanone and propanal to give gem-halogenohydrins. Chlorohydrins have been detected when HCl combined with aldehydes that do not undergo keto-enol tautomerism and 1,2,2,2-tetrachlorethanol has been identified when HCl combines with trichloroethanal (chloral). The formation of gem-chlorohydrins has been reported in the enzymic degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons, but this is the first report that they can be formed by direct combination at room temperature. This reaction should, therefore, be considered as a typical property of the carbonyl group, similar to the addition of water and HCN.
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Owings NO, McManus MD, Scherer N. A deinstitutionalized retarded adult's use of communication functions in a natural setting. Br J Disord Commun 1981; 16:119-128. [PMID: 7326209 DOI: 10.3109/13682828109011392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Owings NO, McManus MD. An analysis of communication functions in the speech of a deinstitutionalized adult mentally retarded client. Ment Retard 1980; 18:309-14. [PMID: 7253928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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