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Nixon MR, Saionz KW, Koo MS, Szymonifka MJ, Jung H, Roberts JP, Nandakumar M, Kumar A, Liao R, Rustad T, Sacchettini JC, Rhee KY, Freundlich JS, Sherman DR. Folate pathway disruption leads to critical disruption of methionine derivatives in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:819-30. [PMID: 24954008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified antifolates with potent, targeted activity against whole-cell Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of antifolate-treated cultures revealed metabolic disruption, including decreased pools of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted altered regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis and utilization of these two compounds. Supplementation with amino acids or S-adenosylmethionine was sufficient to rescue cultures from antifolate treatment. Instead of the "thymineless death" that characterizes folate pathway inhibition in a wide variety of organisms, these data suggest that MTB is vulnerable to a critical disruption of the reactions centered around S-adenosylmethionione, the activated methyl cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Nixon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kurt W Saionz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mi-Sun Koo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Michael J Szymonifka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hunmin Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Justin P Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Madhumita Nandakumar
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anuradha Kumar
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Reiling Liao
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tige Rustad
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology and Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - David R Sherman
- Interdisciplinary Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Wilson R, Kumar P, Parashar V, Vilchèze C, Veyron-Churlet R, Freundlich JS, Barnes SW, Walker JR, Szymonifka MJ, Marchiano E, Shenai S, Colangeli R, Jacobs WR, Neiditch MB, Kremer L, Alland D. Antituberculosis thiophenes define a requirement for Pks13 in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:499-506. [PMID: 23770708 PMCID: PMC3720791 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a new class of thiophene (TP) compounds that kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by the novel mechanism of Pks13 inhibition. An F79S mutation near the catalytic Ser-55 site in Pks13 conferred TP-resistance in Mtb. Over-expression of wild-type pks13 resulted in TP-resistance and over-expression of the F79S pks13 mutant conferred high-level resistance. In vitro, TP inhibited fatty acyl-AMP loading onto Pks13. TP inhibited mycolic acid biosynthesis in wild-type Mtb, but to a much lesser extent in TP-resistant Mtb. TP treatment was bactericidal and equivalent to the first-line drug isoniazid, but it was less likely to permit emergent resistance. Combined isoniazid and TP treatment exhibited sterilizing activity. Computational-docking identified a possible TP-binding groove within the Pks13 ACP domain. This study confirms that Mtb Pks13 is required for mycolic acid biosynthesis, validates it as a druggable target and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of simultaneously inhibiting multiple targets in the same biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Wilson
- Division of Infectious Disease, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Huber J, Donald RG, Lee SH, Jarantow LW, Salvatore MJ, Meng X, Painter R, Onishi RH, Occi J, Dorso K, Young K, Park YW, Skwish S, Szymonifka MJ, Waddell TS, Miesel L, Phillips JW, Roemer T. Chemical Genetic Identification of Peptidoglycan Inhibitors Potentiating Carbapenem Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:837-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Aster SD, Graham DW, Kharbanda D, Patel G, Ponpipom M, Santorelli GM, Szymonifka MJ, Mundt SS, Shah K, Springer MS, Thieringer R, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, Wright SD, Xiao J, Zokian H, Balkovec JM. Bis-aryl triazoles as selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2799-804. [PMID: 18434143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
3-Aryl-5-phenyl-(1,2,4)-triazoles were identified as selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). They are active in both in vitro and an in vivo mouse pharmacodynamic (PD) model. The synthesis and structure activity relationships are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Aster
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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5
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Shen HC, Szymonifka MJ, Kharbanda D, Deng Q, Carballo-Jane E, Wu KK, Wu TJ, Cheng K, Ren N, Cai TQ, Taggart AK, Wang J, Tong X, Waters MG, Hammond ML, Tata JR, Colletti SL. Discovery of orally bioavailable and novel urea agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6723-8. [PMID: 18029181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A urea class of high affinity niacin receptor agonists was discovered. Compound 1a displayed good PK, better in vivo efficacy in reducing FFA in mouse than niacin, and no vasodilation in a mouse model. Compound 1q demonstrated equal affinity to GPR109A as niacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong C Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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Olson S, Aster SD, Brown K, Carbin L, Graham DW, Hermanowski-Vosatka A, LeGrand CB, Mundt SS, Robbins MA, Schaeffer JM, Slossberg LH, Szymonifka MJ, Thieringer R, Wright SD, Balkovec JM. Adamantyl triazoles as selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4359-62. [PMID: 16039856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adamantyl triazoles were identified as selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1). They are active both in in vitro and in in vivo pharmacodynamic models. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of these inhibitors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Olson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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