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Palacios DR, Shen K, Baig S, Wang JH, Zhang C, Chen D, Wang MR. Wide field of view handheld smart fundus camera for telemedicine applications. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:026001. [PMID: 33748318 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.2.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We report that a large field-of-view (FOV) retinal image can be acquired by a smart fundus camera. Approach: This handheld system consists of a Raspberry Pi board, a touch screen display, a customized optical lens group, a ring light-emitting diode, and a Li-battery. Results: Wide FOV of ∼ 57 deg is observed with proper lens configuration and can be expanded using image stitching algorithms. Conclusions: This customized handheld fundus camera provides better image quality than cellphone-based fundus imaging solutions and offers more operational features than traditional portable fundus cameras. It may benefit field-portable ophthalmic diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego R Palacios
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Kai Shen
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Sarfaraz Baig
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - James H Wang
- New Span Opto-Technology Inc., Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Chang Zhang
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Dunhan Chen
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Michael R Wang
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
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Cai DC, Pan C, Yu WH, Dang SS, Li J, Wu SM, Jiang N, Wang MR, Zhang ZH, Lin F, Xin SJ, Yang YF, Shen BS, Ren H. [Clinical effect and safety of 144-week treatment with entecavir capsules in treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019; 25:597-600. [PMID: 29056009 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of entecavir capsules in the treatment of treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: A total of 158 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were given oral entecavir capsules at a dose of 0.5 mg/time once a day for 144 weeks. Clinical outcome and safety were evaluated at baseline and at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 weeks of treatment respectively. The Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of categorical data. Results: After 144 weeks of treatment, 90.91% of all patients achieved virologic response (< 69 IU/ml), the normalization rate of alanine aminotransferase was 88.18%, the clearance rate of HBeAg was 33.33%, and the seroconversion rate of HBeAg was 24.07%. Of all patients, 2 dropped out due to adverse events and 5 experienced serious adverse reactions. Conclusion: Entecavir capsules can inhibit viral replication and have good safety in treatment-naïve HBeAg-positive CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - C Pan
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - W H Yu
- The Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - S S Dang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - J Li
- The Second People's Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - S M Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - N Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610772, China
| | - M R Wang
- No.81 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Z H Zhang
- Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - F Lin
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou 570311, China
| | - S J Xin
- No.302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Y F Yang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - B S Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, China
| | - H Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Hou FQ, Yin YL, Zeng LY, Shang J, Gong GZ, Pan C, Zhang MX, Yin CB, Xie Q, Peng YZ, Chen SJ, Mao Q, Chen YP, Mao QG, Zhang DZ, Han T, Wang MR, Zhao W, Liu JJ, Han Y, Zhao LF, Luo GH, Zhang JM, Peng J, Tan DM, Li ZW, Tang H, Wang H, Zhang YX, Li J, Zhang LL, Chen L, Jia JD, Chen CW, Zhen Z, Li BS, Niu JQ, Meng QH, Yuan H, Sun YT, Li SC, Sheng JF, Cheng J, Sun L, Wang GQ. [Clinical effect and safety of pegylated interferon-α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2019; 25:589-596. [PMID: 29056008 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of long-acting pegylated interferon-α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 μg/week) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a as positive control. Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial. Eligible HBeAg-positive CHB patients were screened out and randomized to Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) trial group and Peg-IFN-α-2a control group at a ratio of 2:1. The course of treatment was 48 weeks and the patients were followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Plasma samples were collected at screening, baseline, and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 weeks for centralized detection. COBAS® Ampliprep/COBAS® TaqMan® HBV Test was used to measure HBV DNA level by quantitative real-time PCR. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Elecsys kit was used to measure HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe). Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary outcome measure was HBeAg seroconversion rate after the 24-week follow-up, and non-inferiority was also tested. The difference in HBeAg seroconversion rate after treatment between the trial group and the control group and two-sided confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and non-inferiority was demonstrated if the lower limit of 95% CI was > -10%. The t-test, chi-square test, or rank sum test was used according to the types and features of data. Results: A total of 855 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled and 820 of them received treatment (538 in the trial group and 282 in the control group). The data of the full analysis set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 27.32% in the trial group and 22.70% in the control group with a rate difference of 4.63% (95% CI -1.54% to 10.80%, P = 0.1493). The data of the per-protocol set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 30.75% in the trial group and 27.14% in the control group with a rate difference of 3.61% (95% CI -3.87% to 11.09%, P = 0.3436). 95% CI met the non-inferiority criteria, and the trial group was non-inferior to the control group. The two groups had similar incidence rates of adverse events, serious adverse events, and common adverse events. Conclusion: In Peg-IFN-α regimen for HBeAg-positive CHB patients, the new drug Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Q Hou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Y L Yin
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - L Y Zeng
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - J Shang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - G Z Gong
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - C Pan
- Fuzhou Infectious Disease Hospital, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - M X Zhang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110006, China
| | - C B Yin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Q Xie
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Z Peng
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - S J Chen
- Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Q Mao
- Southeast Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Y P Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Q G Mao
- Xiamen Hospital of T.C.M, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - D Z Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - T Han
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - M R Wang
- 81th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - W Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - J J Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Y Han
- Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - L F Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - G H Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical Universtiy, Nanning 530021, China
| | - J M Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J Peng
- Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - D M Tan
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Z W Li
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - H Tang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - J Li
- Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - L L Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 360102, China
| | - L Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - J D Jia
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - C W Chen
- 85th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Z Zhen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - B S Li
- 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J Q Niu
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Chanchun 130062, China
| | - Q H Meng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Captial Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - H Yuan
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y T Sun
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - S C Li
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - J F Sheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - J Cheng
- Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - L Sun
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361028, China
| | - G Q Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center for Liver Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Feng B, Shang J, Wu SH, Chen H, Han Y, Li YQ, Zhang DZ, Zhao LF, Wei SF, Mao Q, Yin CB, Han T, Wang MR, Chen SJ, Li J, Xie Q, Zhen Z, Gao ZL, Zhang YX, Gong GZ, Yang DL, Pan C, Sheng JF, Tang H, Ning Q, Shi GF, Niu JQ, Luo GH, Sun YT, You H, Wang GQ, Zhang LL, Peng J, Zhang Q, Liu JJ, Chen CW, Chen XY, Zhao W, Wang RH, Sun L, Wei L. [Efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2017; 25:187-194. [PMID: 28482405 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the new investigational drug pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 µg/week) combined with ribavirin in the treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a combined with ribavirin as a positive control. Methods: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial was performed. Eligible patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were screened out and randomly divided into Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40kD) group and Peg-IFN-α-2a group at a ratio of 2:1. The patients in both groups were given oral ribavirin for 48 weeks in addition and then followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II was used to determine HCV genotype, and Cobas TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure HCV RNA level at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR), and a non-inferiority test was also performed. Results: A total of 561 patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were enrolled, among whom 529 received treatment; 90.9% of these patients had genotype 1 CHC. The data of the full analysis set showed that SVR rate was 69.80% (95% CI 65.00%-74.60%) in the trial group and 74.16% (95% CI 67.73%-80.59%) in the control group (P = 0.297 0). The data of the per protocol set (PPS) showed that SVR rate was 80.63% (95% CI 76.04%-85.23%) in the trial group and 81.33% (95% CI 75.10%-87.57%) in the control group (P = 0.849 8), and the 95% CI of rate difference conformed to the non-inferiority standard. The analysis of the PPS population showed that of all subjects, 47.9% achieved rapid virologic response, with a positive predictive value of 93.8%. The incidence rate of adverse events was 96.30% in the trial group and 94.94% in the control group, and the incidence rate of serious adverse events was 5.13% in the trail group and 5.06% in the control group. Conclusion: In the regimen of Peg-IFN-α combined with ribavirin for the treatment of genotype 1/6 CHC, the new investigational drug Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable clinical effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing 100044, China
| | - J Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - S H Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y Q Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - D Z Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - L F Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - S F Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Q Mao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Southeast Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - C B Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - T Han
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - M R Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing 81 Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - S J Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Q Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Z Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Z L Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi 830054, China
| | - G Z Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - D L Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - C Pan
- Department of Hepatology, Fuzhou Infectious Disease Hospital, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - J F Sheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengjiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - H Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - G F Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J Q Niu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - G H Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical Universtiy, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Y T Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - H You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - G Q Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - L L Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 360102, China
| | - J Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nangfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - J J Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - C W Chen
- Nanjing Military Command Liver Disease Research Center, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - X Y Chen
- Hepatology Department, Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - R H Wang
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, 361022, China
| | - L Sun
- Xiamen Amoytop Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, 361022, China
| | - L Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing 100044, China
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Shen K, Lu H, Baig S, Wang MR. Improving lateral resolution and image quality of optical coherence tomography by the multi-frame superresolution technique for 3D tissue imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:4887-4918. [PMID: 29188089 PMCID: PMC5695939 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The multi-frame superresolution technique is introduced to significantly improve the lateral resolution and image quality of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Using several sets of low resolution C-scan 3D images with lateral sub-spot-spacing shifts on different sets, the multi-frame superresolution processing of these sets at each depth layer reconstructs a higher resolution and quality lateral image. Layer by layer processing yields an overall high lateral resolution and quality 3D image. In theory, the superresolution processing including deconvolution can solve the diffraction limit, lateral scan density and background noise problems together. In experiment, the improved lateral resolution by ~3 times reaching 7.81 µm and 2.19 µm using sample arm optics of 0.015 and 0.05 numerical aperture respectively as well as doubling the image quality has been confirmed by imaging a known resolution test target. Improved lateral resolution on in vitro skin C-scan images has been demonstrated. For in vivo 3D SD-OCT imaging of human skin, fingerprint and retina layer, we used the multi-modal volume registration method to effectively estimate the lateral image shifts among different C-scans due to random minor unintended live body motion. Further processing of these images generated high lateral resolution 3D images as well as high quality B-scan images of these in vivo tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Baig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Michael R. Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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Wang MR, Zhang X, Yang ZG, Li P, Gao L, Chen XH, Wang J, Xiong X, Wang SM, Geng JB, Hao KY, Xie F, Wang M, Zheng WK. [Association between ribavirin plasma concentration and sustained virologic response in treatment of patients with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon-α-2b and ribavirin]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2017; 24:175-80. [PMID: 27095759 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the dose and plasma concentration of ribavirin (RBV) and sustained virologic response (SVR) during the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with pegylated interferon-α-2b (PEG-IFN-α-2b) and RBV. METHODS A total of 40 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) who were treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b and RBV as the antiviral treatment were enrolled, and according to the therapeutic effect (SVR was defined as HCV RNA maintained below the lower limit of detection at 24 weeks after drug discontinuation in patients who achieved virologic response at the end of treatment, and recurrence was defined as HCV RNA turning positive), these patients were divided into SVR group (20 patients aged 19-55 years, including 10 male patients) and recurrence group (20 patients aged 21-76 years, including 12 male patients). The HPLC-MS/MS was used to measure the RBV plasma concentration at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 of treatment. The t-test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS During the antiviral treatment, the dose of RBV showed a significant difference between the two groups (15.01 ± 1.21 mg/kg vs 10.28 ± 2.81 mg/kg,t= 6.908,P= 0.000). The area under the ROC curve reached 0.96 (95%CI0.00-1.00,P= 0.000), suggesting that the dose of RBV had a high value in predicting SVR. When the dose of RBV was higher than 13.05 mg/kg (sensitivity 100%; specificity 85%), the possibility of achieving SVR was also increased. The RBV plasma concentrations in the SVR group at weeks 4,12, 24, and 48 of treatment were 1 894.8 ± 740.7 ng/ml, 2 029.9 ± 547.7 ng/ml, 2 011.8 ± 354.2 ng/ml, and2 093.5 ± 540.3 ng/ml, respectively, and those in the recurrence group were 1 223.1 ± 722.7 ng/ml, 1 286.9±685.4 ng/ml, 1304.7 ± 692.0 ng/ml, and 1 221.3 ± 655.3 ng/ml, respectively. The RBV plasma concentration at each time point showed significant differences between the two groups (t= 2.903,P= 0.006;t= 3.787,P= 0.001;t= 4.068,P= 0.000;t= 4.593,P= 0.000). The results of ROC analysis showed that the areas under the ROC curve at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 of treatment were 0.76 (95%CI0.61-0.92,P= 0.005), 0.83 (95%CI0.68-0.97,P= 0.000), 0.83 (95%CI0.69-0.98,P= 0.000), and 0.86 (95%CI0.72-1.00,P= 0.000), respectively, suggesting that the RBV plasma concentration had a high value in predicting SVR. When the cut-off values of RBV plasma concentration at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 of treatment were higher than 1262.5 ng/ml (sensitivity 90%; specificity 60%), 1432 ng/ml (sensitivity 100%; specificity 65%), 1427 ng/ml (sensitivity 100%; specificity 65%), and 1610 ng/ml (sensitivity 95%; specificity 80%), respectively, there was a greater possibility of achieving SVR. CONCLUSION During the antiviral treatment with PEG-IFN-α-2b and RBV, the dose and plasma concentration of RBV have a high value in predicting the recurrence of CHC and the possibility of SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Center for Liver Diseases, 81st Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, China
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Li K, Lin XD, Li MH, Wang MR, Sun XY, Zhang YZ. [Genomic analysis of Wenzhou virus in rodents from Zhejiang province]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:384-387. [PMID: 28329945 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Arenavirus is a negative single-stranded RNA virus and an important human pathogen, mainly harbored and transmitted by rodents, causing severe diseases, including hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. Following the discovery of a novel pathogenic arenavirus (Wenzhou virus, WENV), the prevalence of WENV in local small rodents was investigated. Methods: By using RT-PCR, WENV was screened in 48 and 156 rodents sampled from Wenzhou and Longquan, respectively. Results: Consequently, WENV was detected in 5 (10.41%) rodents sampled from Wenzhou. However, no WENV was identified in all the rodents sampled from Longquan. Genetic analysis of complete genome sequences indicated that 4 of 5 virus strains were closely related to the known Wenzhou viruses with high homology. Especially, the L and S segments of Wencheng-Rn-288 strain shared homology of 87.5% and 91.6% with other viruses, respectively. They formed a distinct lineage, suggesting that this strain might be a novel variant of WENV. Conclusions: Our results indicate that WENV has a high prevalence and high genetic diversity among rodents in Wenzhou. As the respiratory disease caused by WENV has been detected in Cambodia, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for WENV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Li
- Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - X D Lin
- Institute of Disinfection and Vector Control, Wenzhou Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - M H Li
- Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - M R Wang
- Department of Business Management, Longquan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Longquan 323700, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Institute of Disinfection and Vector Control, Wenzhou Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Y Z Zhang
- Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Abstract
Evaluation of tear film is performed by an optical reflectometer system with alignment guided by a galvanometer scanner. The reflectometer system utilizes optical fibers to deliver illumination light to the tear film and collect the film reflectance as a function of wavelength. Film thickness is determined by best fitting the reflectance-wavelength curve. The spectral reflectance acquisition time is 15 ms, fast enough for detecting film thickness changes. Fast beam alignment of 1 s is achieved by the galvanometer scanner. The reflectometer was first used to evaluate artificial tear film on a model eye with and without a contact lens. The film thickness and thinning rate have been successfully quantified with the minimum measured thickness of about 0.3 μm. Tear films in human eyes, with and without a contact lens, have also been evaluated. A high-contrast spectral reflectance signal from the precontact lens tear film is clearly observed, and the thinning dynamics have been easily recorded from 3.69 to 1.31 μm with lipid layer thickness variation in the range of 41 to 67 nm. The accuracy of the measurement is better than ±0.58% of the film thickness at an estimated tear film refractive index error of ±0.001. The fiber-based reflectometer system is compact and easy to handle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
| | - Michael R. Wang
- University of Miami, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Coral Gables, Florida 33146
- Address all correspondence to: Michael R. Wang, E-mail:
| | - Jianhua Wang
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Meixiao Shen
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida 33136
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9
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Shen K, Jiang G, Mao W, Baig S, Wang MR. Fabrication of two kinds of eight-fold photonic quasi-crystals assisted by a specially designed prism. Appl Opt 2013; 52:6474-6480. [PMID: 24085122 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.006474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that two kinds of 2D eight-fold photonic quasi-crystals (PQCs) can be fabricated by a specially designed prism via single-exposure holographic lithography. The prism with five continuous side surfaces out of common eight symmetrical side surfaces, plus a top surface, is well designed for PQC fabrication. Compared with the traditional method of setting up eight free-space beams in the half-space for an eight-fold PQC fabrication, our specially designed prism reduces the number of beams, avoids the differences of beam-to-beam phases, and simplifies the fabrication process. The theory and computer simulation confirm the patterns of two kinds of PQCs by a single prism illumination recording. Further, these quasi-crystal patterns are successfully verified by experimental results under a scanning electron microscope. In addition, these samples show some good properties, such as uniformity over large area, the implementation of a single defect by underexposure, and symmetry break of the eight dots. Our special prism-assisted holographic lithography technique provides a base for further investigating the optical properties of these novel structures.
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10
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Du C, Shen M, Li M, Zhu D, Wang MR, Wang J. Anterior segment biometry during accommodation imaged with ultralong scan depth optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2012; 119:2479-85. [PMID: 22902211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure by ultralong scan depth optical coherence tomography (UL-OCT) dimensional changes in the anterior segment of human eyes during accommodation. DESIGN Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology. PARTICIPANTS Forty-one right eyes of healthy subjects with a mean age of 34 years (range, 22-41 years) and a mean refraction of -2.5 ± 2.6 diopters were imaged in 2 repeated measurements at minimal and maximal accommodations. METHODS A specially adapted and designed UL-OCT instrument was used to image from the front surface of the cornea to the back surface of the crystalline lens. Custom software corrected the optical distortion of the images and yielded the biometric measurements. The coefficient of repeatability and the intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated to evaluate the repeatability and reliability. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anterior segment parameters and associated repeatability and reliability upon accommodation. The dimensional results included central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth and width (ACD, ACW), pupil diameter (PD), lens thickness (LT), anterior segment length (ASL = ACD + LT), lens central position (LCP = ACD + 1/2LT), and horizontal radii of the lens anterior and posterior surface curvatures (LAC, LPC). RESULTS Repeated measurements of each variable within each accommodative state did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The coefficients of repeatability (CORs) and intraclass correlation coefficients for CCT, ACW, ACD, LT, LCP, and ASL were excellent (1.2%- 3.59% and 0.998-0.877, respectively). They were higher for PD (18.90%-21.63% and 0.880-0.874, respectively) and moderate for LAC and LPC (34.86%-42.72% and 0.669-0.251, respectively) in the 2 accommodative states. Compared with minimal accommodation, PD, ACD, LAC, LPC, and LCP decreased and LT and ASL increased significantly at maximal accommodation (P<0.05), whereas CCT and ACW did not change (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The UL-OCT measured changes in anterior segment dimensions during accommodation with good repeatability and reliability. During accommodation, the back surface of the lens became steeper as the lens moved forward. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chixin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Wang J, Cui L, Shen M, Perez VL, Wang MR. Ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography for monitoring tear meniscus volume in dry eye after topical cyclosporine treatment. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:933-8. [PMID: 22791975 PMCID: PMC3392922 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s32384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to determine the ability of ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) to monitor tear meniscus volume after dry eye treatment with Restasis® (0.05% cyclosporine). Methods UHR-OCT was used to image the upper and lower tear menisci (height and volume) in 14 consecutive dry eye patients at baseline. The treatment group was initiated on daily Restasis and measurements were repeated at 1 and 2 months while on treatment. All measurements were performed immediately after a blink. Results The baseline tear meniscus volumes were 0.40 ± 0.19 μL (upper) and 0.43 ± 0.18 μL (lower). In the treatment group, tear meniscus heights showed significant increases of both upper (post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction: P = 0.003) and lower (P = 0.0003) tear menisci, after 1 month on Restasis. The tear meniscus volumes in the treatment group after 1 month of Restasis showed significant increases of both upper (P = 0.007) and lower (P = 0.007) tear menisci. At 2 months, the increase of the tear meniscus was still evident in all measured variables compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Conclusion UHR-OCT offers a promising tool for monitoring dry eye treatment. With this method, a measurable increase in tear meniscus volume was evident after 1 month of treatment with Restasis in dry eye patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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12
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Abstract
Updatable holography is considered as the ultimate technique for true 3D information recording and display. However, there is no practical solution to preserve the required features of both non-volatility and reversibility which conflict with each other when the reading has the same wavelength as the recording. We demonstrate a non-volatile and updatable holographic approach by exploiting new features of molecular transformations in a polymer recording system. In addition, by using a new composite recording film containing photo-reconfigurable liquid-crystal (LC) polymer, the holographic recording is enhanced due to the collective reorientation of LC molecules around the reconfigured polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- New Span Opto-Technology Inc., 16115 SW 117th Ave., A-15, Miami, Florida 33177, USA.
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13
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Cui L, Shen M, Wang MR, Wang J. Micrometer-scale contact lens movements imaged by ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 153:275-283.e1. [PMID: 21920493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To dynamically evaluate contact lens movement and ocular surface shape using ultrahigh-resolution and ultralong-scan-depth optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN Clinical research study of a laboratory technique. METHODS Four different types of soft contact lenses were tested on the left eye of 10 subjects (6 male and 4 female). Lens edges at primary gaze and temporal and nasal gazes were imaged by ultrahigh-resolution OCT. Excursion lag was obtained as the distance between the lens edge at primary gaze and immediately after the eye was quickly turned either nasally or temporally. The inferior lens edges were imaged continuously to track vertical movements during blinking. Ultralong-scan-depth OCT provided quantifiable images of the ocular surface, and the contour was acquired using custom software. RESULTS Excursion lag at the horizontal meridian was 366 ± 134 μm at temporal gaze and 320 ± 137 μm at nasal gaze (P > .05). The lens uplift at the vertical meridian was 342 ± 155 μm after blinking. There were significant differences in horizontal lags and vertical movements among different lenses (P < .05). Horizontal lags were correlated with radii of curvatures and sagittal heights at 6-mm and 14-mm horizontal meridian (P < .05). The blink-induced lens uplift first lowered by 104 ± 8 μm, and then lifted 342 ± 155 μm after the blink. CONCLUSIONS Ultrahigh-resolution and ultralong-scan-depth OCT can assess micrometer-scale lens movements and ocular surface contours. Both lens design and ocular surface shape affected lens movements.
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14
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Abstract
We demonstrate a nanoscale optical reinforcement concept for reversible holographic recording. The bone-muscle-like mechanism enables enhancement of holographic grating formation due to the collective alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules nearby photo-reconfigurable polymer backbones. The LC fluidity facilitates the ease of polymer chain transformation during the holographic recording while the polymer network stabilizes the LC collective orientation and the consequential optical enhancement after the recording. As such, the holographic recording possesses both long-term persistence and real-time rewritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- New Span Opto-Technology Inc., 16115 SW 117th Ave., A-15, Miami, Florida 33177, USA.
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15
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Zhu D, Shen M, Jiang H, Li M, Wang MR, Wang Y, Ge L, Qu J, Wang J. Broadband superluminescent diode-based ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography for ophthalmic imaging. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:126006. [PMID: 22191923 PMCID: PMC3247935 DOI: 10.1117/1.3660314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with ultrahigh resolution can be used to measure precise structures in the context of ophthalmic imaging. We designed an ultrahigh resolution SD-OCT system based on broadband superluminescent diode (SLD) as the light source. An axial resolution of 2.2 μm in tissue, a scan depth of 1.48 mm, and a high sensitivity of 93 dB were achieved by the spectrometer designed. The ultrahigh-resolution SD-OCT system was employed to image the human cornea and retina with a cross-section image of 2048 × 2048 pixels. Our research demonstrated that ultrahigh -resolution SD-OCT can be achieved using broadband SLD in a simple way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Zhu
- Wenzhou Medical College, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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16
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Shen M, Cui L, Riley C, Wang MR, Wang J. Characterization of soft contact lens edge fitting using ultra-high resolution and ultra-long scan depth optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:4091-7. [PMID: 21372023 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the edge fitting of soft contact lenses using ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) and ultra-long scan depth optical coherence tomography (UL-OCT). METHODS A total of 20 participants (11 men, 9 women; mean age, 32.3 years) were recruited. Four different types of soft contact lenses were randomly fitted to both eyes of each subject on two separate visits. After 30 minutes, the horizontal meridians of the corneal center, midperiphery, and limbus were imaged by UHR-OCT. UL-OCT imaged each lens in vitro and the ocular surface of a physical model eye. RESULTS Angle-edged lenses had significantly less conjunctival buildup than did round-edged lenses (P = 0.008). Limbal post-lens tear film gaps were present in 42% of the eyes, with the round-edged lenses having the most at 68%. Similarly, post-lens tear film gaps at the corneal mid-periphery were present in 47% of all eyes, with the round-edged lens having the most at 75%. Mismatches between the lens and the ocular surface were simulated based on UL-OCT images of the in vitro lenses and the model eye. The existence of tear film gaps and touching points were predicted in the simulation. CONCLUSIONS The soft contact lens edge fitting was characterized by the conjunctival buildup and tear film gaps. Different types of contact lenses presented different levels of conjunctival buildup as well as different frequencies of tear film gaps. The findings by UHR-OCT were predicted in the simulation by UL-OCT. The application of these new technologies may open new ways of designing lenses and evaluating their fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Shen
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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17
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Shen M, Cui L, Li M, Zhu D, Wang MR, Wang J. Extended scan depth optical coherence tomography for evaluating ocular surface shape. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:056007. [PMID: 21639575 PMCID: PMC3107837 DOI: 10.1117/1.3578461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with extended scan depth makes it possible for quantitative measurement of the entire ocular surface shape. We proposed a novel method for ocular surface shape measurement using a custom-built anterior segment SD-OCT, which will serve on the contact lens fitting. A crosshair alignment system was applied to reduce the misalignment and tilting of the eye. An algorithm was developed to automatically segment the ocular surface. We also described the correction of the image distortion from the segmented dataset induced by the nontelecentric scanning system and tested the accuracy and repeatability. The results showed high accuracy of SD-OCT in measuring a bicurved test surface with a maximum height error of 17.4 μm. The repeatability of in vivo measurement was also good. The standard deviations of the height measurement within a 14-mm wide range were all less than 35 μm. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using extended depth SD-OCT to perform noninvasive evaluation of the ocular surface shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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18
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Shen M, Wang MR, Yuan Y, Chen F, Karp CL, Yoo SH, Wang J. SD-OCT with Prolonged Scan Depth for Imaging the Anterior Segment of the Eye. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2010; 41 Suppl:S65-9. [PMID: 21117604 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20101031-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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19
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Abstract
A dual-channel spectral imaging system with agile spectral band access and spectral bandwidth tuning capability is presented. A diffractive grating and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) are respectively used as spectral dispersion and spectral filtering elements for the two channels. A 4f spectral filtering channel using an adjustable slit is set up at the first diffraction order of the grating to realize coarse spectral band selection. The AOTF selectively filters the spectrum of the nondispersed zero order to realize fine spectral imaging. The spectral zooming function is achieved without increasing spectral frame number facilitating real-time spectral imaging operation. Feasibility of the spectral imaging has been demonstrated through preliminary experiments. Minimum 6 nm spectral resolution and 1.2 degrees field of view have been achieved. The real-time spectral imaging capable of wide spectral band operation without loosing desired fine spectral capability is particularly useful for a variety of defense, medical, and environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
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20
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Abstract
By using a hybrid diffractive and refractive achromat with extended depth of focus, we have successfully recorded a micro-hologram array with diffraction-limited individual spot size maintained throughout the thickness of recording medium. An electrically programmable wavelength combiner was constructed in which a white light source was adopted. By modifying on a commercial CD readout head, we configured a compact micro-hologram recording/readout system that is compatible to existing disk storage technology. Base on the wavelength combiner and recording/readout system, wavelength-multiplexed micro-holograms were recorded and recovered. The presented results demonstrate the practicality of our novel storage architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wu
- New Span Opto-Technology Inc., 16115 S.W. 117th Ave. Ste A-15, Miami, Florida 33177, USA
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21
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Abstract
We report a dynamic spectral imaging system with spectral band zooming and selection capability that can adapt to different application requirements and significantly reduce the size of the captured spectral image data cube. It employs a diffraction grating to disperse the spectral information of the captured image and uses a dynamic spatial filter at the Fourier plane to select the spectral channel and spectral bandwidth for each spectral image. With a limited fixed spectral channel number, it can provide both coarse and fine spectral image viewing and capture. A prototype spectral imaging system with such spectral band zooming and selection features has been constructed. Spectral zooming from 9 to 50 nm resolution has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
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22
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Yang JJ, Flores AS, Wang MR. Array waveguide evanescent ribbon coupler for card-to-backplane optical interconnects. Opt Lett 2007; 32:14-6. [PMID: 17167568 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A flexible array waveguide evanescent coupler for card-to-backplane optical interconnects is presented. The proposed technique eliminates traditional 90 degrees out-of-plane turns and local waveguide termination of multidrop bus architectures that hinder conventional card-to-backplane optical interconnections. Evanescent coupling between array waveguide ribbons has been successfully demonstrated. Further experiments have been performed to quantify array waveguide coupling length versus transfer efficiency and waveguide misalignment tolerance. Preliminary optical interconnect testing has demonstrated 2.5GHz operation of the coupler ribbons. The successful high-speed coupling confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method for high-speed computing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jame J Yang
- New Span Opto-Technology, Inc., Miami, Florida 33173, USA
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23
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Lee SY, Wang MR, Chen CY, Chen CL, Hwang SJ, Chen H, Lai WH, Shyng LT, Wang CC. Method for Rapid Prototyping by Using Linear Light as Sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/48/1/147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Yang JJ, Wang MR. White light micrograting multiplexing for high density data storage. Opt Lett 2006; 31:1304-6. [PMID: 16642093 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recording of multiplexed microholographic gratings with improved recording volume for high density optical data storage is proposed and demonstrated. By using a hybrid diffractive-refractive objective lens with extended depth of focus, we have achieved a recording beam size of approximately 1 microm and a focal depth of 20 microm. Multiple gratings corresponding to spectral lines within the 400-650 nm spectral band have been successfully multiplexed in a single recording spot or pit of size 1.25 microm on a DuPont photopolymer film using a white light source along with narrowband filters or dispersion elements, thus demonstrating the storage of multiple bits in a single pit. Simultaneous readout of multiple bits in a single storage pit is accomplished with a microspectrometer-type readout head using a white light source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jame J Yang
- New Span Opto-Technology Incorporated, Miami, Florida 33173, USA
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25
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Xie JL, Lin JY, Wang YH, Narayanan B, Wang MR, Kumar R. Effect of thermal treatment on carbon-doped silicon oxide low dielectric constant materials. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2005; 5:550-7. [PMID: 16004118 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2005.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-doped silicon oxide (SiOCH) low dielectric constant (low-k) material is a good candidate for advanced interconnect technology. Good thermal stability of the dielectric is required due to the many thermal processes involved during IC fabrication. The thermal stability of tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS) based plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) carbon doped low-k material with annealing temperature from 400 to 800 degrees C in N2 was studied. The thermal stability temperature of TMCTS based carbon doped low-k material is 600 degrees C. Above 600 degrees C annealing, the thermal energy can break Si-CH3, Si-C, Si-H, and C-H bonds leading to outgasing, which results in film composition change, weight loss, and thickness shrinkage. Film composition changes, especially carbon loss and oxygen incorporation, can degrade its reliability extremely. Carbon is desorbed in the form of CH4, CO, and other hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Xie
- Institute of Microelectronics, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore
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26
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Abstract
A method for designing achromatic hybrid refractive-diffractive elements that can produce beams with long focal depths while they preserve the entire aperture for capture of light and high transverse resolution is presented. Its working principle is based on the combination of a diffractive optical element that generates a long range of pseudonondiffractive rays and a refractive lens of opposite dispersion to form an achromatic hybrid lens. A hybrid lens with a fast f-number (f/1) that works in the entire visible wave band (400-700 nm) was designed and fabricated. Simulation results demonstrate a factor-of-10 improvement in depth of focus compared with that of a conventional f/1 lens, with matching 1-microm lateral resolution. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method through demonstration of an achromatic hybrid lens with better than a factor-of-7 improvement in depth of focus and 1-microm transverse resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Flores
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Room 406, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA
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27
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Abstract
Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by Actinoplanes teichomyceticus. A strain improvement to increase the productivity of the major component, teicoplanin A2-2, was carried out. As the fatty moiety of teicoplanin A2-2 is derived from L-valine, L-valine analogue (valine hydroxamate)-resistant mutants were derived. One of the mutants, 98-1-227, overproduced valine and produced a higher titer of total teicoplanin with higher A2-2 content. In a pilot fermentor (7 m3), the total productivity of teicoplanin was 1,800 units/ml and the A2-2 content was 58%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Jin
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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28
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Setiawan VW, Zhang ZF, Yu GP, Lu QY, Li YL, Lu ML, Wang MR, Guo CH, Yu SZ, Kurtz RC, Hsieh CC. GSTP1 polymorphisms and gastric cancer in a high-risk Chinese population. Cancer Causes Control 2001; 12:673-81. [PMID: 11562107 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011261602940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a population-based case-control study in Yangzhong, China, we investigated the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 and susceptibility to gastric cancer and its premalignant lesion, chronic gastritis. The possible gene-gene interactions between GSTP1 polymorphisms and GSTM1, GSTT1 genes were explored. METHODS Epidemiologic data were collected by standard questionnaire from 133 gastric cancer cases, 166 chronic gastritis cases, and 433 cancer-free population controls. Blood samples for Helicobacter pylori and molecular marker assays were collected from 84 gastric cancer cases, 146 chronic gastritis, and 429 population controls. GSTP1 polymorphisms were determined by the PCR-RFLP method and H. pylori infection was measured by the ELISA method. Associations between certain GSTP1 genotypes and both gastric cancer and chronic gastritis were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from logistic regression. RESULTS The distributions of three GSTP1 genotypes, Ile/Ile, Ile/Val, and Val/Val, were similar in gastric cancer cases, chronic gastritis, and controls. After adjusting for age, gender, education, body mass index, pack-year of smoking, alcohol drinking, H. pylori infection, salt and fruit intakes, the adjusted ORs of Val/Val were 1.3 (95% CI: 0.1-11.2) for gastric cancer and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.2-4.8) for chronic gastritis. Combining the Val alleles (Val/Val and Ile/Val) into one group, no association was observed between GSTP1 and both gastric cancer and chronic gastritis. In addition, the allelism at the GSTP1 locus did not increase gastric cancer and chronic gastritis risks associated with the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the GSTP1 genotype seems not to be associated with the risk of gastric cancer and chronic gastritis in a high-risk Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Setiawan
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Abstract
In 20 urethane-anaesthetised cats, microinjection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the intermediate-lateral (IL-) or the dorsolateral (DL-) periaqueductal grey areas (PAG) of the midbrain elicited similar patterns of cardiovascular responses: increases in mean systemic arterial pressure (MSAP), heart rate (HR) and mean blood flows (F) of the common carotid and femoral arteries, accompanied with a 'hissing-howling' response. Similar increases in MSAP and Fs were induced by microinjections of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a potent nitric oxide (NO) donor, on the IL-PAG (A2.5-A0.5). In contrast, microinjections of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, in the same area elicited a decrease in MSAP and Fs. On the other hand, microinjections of either SNAP or L-NAME reversed the original IL-PAG responses when injected into the DL-PAG. Pretreatments with SNAP significantly inhibited NMDA-induced responses in the DL-PAG but potentiated such responses in the IL-PAG. In contrast, pretreatments with L-NAME potentiated the NMDA-induced responses in the DL-PAG but inhibited such responses in the IL-PAG. These data suggest that NO may be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator that exerts differential function in different defense areas, namely the IL- and the DL-PAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of., Taipei, China
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Abstract
AIM: To study the pathogenicity of hepatitis G virus (HGV) and observe the genesis and pathological process of hepatitis G.
METHODS: HGV-RNA in serum was detected by RT-PCR assay. The immunohistochemical assays of liver tissue were performed with HGV monocoloned antibody (McAb) expressed from the region of HGV NS5 nucleic acid sequence. The clinical and pathological data of 52 patients with hepatitis G were discussed. In animal experiment, the Chinese Rhesus monkeys were infected with the serum of a patient with HGV infection. And the dynamic changes in serology and liver histology of animals were observed.
RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-four patients with HGV-RNA positive were selected from 1552 patients with various kinds of hepatitis. Of 154 patients with HGV infection, 52 were infected with HGV only, which accounted for 33.8% (52/154) and 102 with positive HGV-RNA were super-infected with other hepatitis viruses, which accounted for 66.2% (102/154). The clinical and pathological observation showed that the acute and chronic hepatitis could be induced by HGV. The slight abnormality of transaminases ALT and AST in serum of monkeys lasted nearly 12 months and histological results showed a series of pathological changes.
CONCLUSION: HGV is a hepatotropic virus and has pathogenicty.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Xu
- Institute of Hepatology, the 81st Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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31
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Setiawan VW, Zhang ZF, Yu GP, Lu QY, Li YL, Lu ML, Wang MR, Guo CH, Yu SZ, Kurtz RC, Hsieh CC. Protective effect of green tea on the risks of chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. Int J Cancer 2001; 92:600-4. [PMID: 11304697 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the declining trend, stomach cancer remains the second most common cancer worldwide. We examined the role of green tea consumption on chronic gastritis and stomach cancer risks. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Yangzhong, China, with 133 stomach cancer cases, 166 chronic gastritis cases, and 433 healthy controls. Epidemiologic data were collected by standard questionnaire and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models in SAS. Inverse association was observed between green tea drinking and chronic gastritis and stomach cancer risks. After adjusting for age, gender, education, body mass index, pack-years of smoking and alcohol drinking, ORs of green tea drinking were 0.52 (95% CI: 0.29-0.94) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.31-0.77) for stomach cancer and chronic gastritis, respectively. In addition, dose-response relationships were observed with years of green tea drinking in both diseases. The results provide further support on the protective effect of green tea against stomach cancer. This is the first time that green tea drinking was found to be protective against chronic gastritis, which may be of importance when designing intervention strategies for stomach cancer and its pre-malignant lesions in the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Setiawan
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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32
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Abstract
Transglutaminase-3 (TGase-3) is an enzyme with the ability to catalyze the irreversible cross-linking of peptide-bound glutamine residues either with peptide-bound lysines or with primary amines. It has been implicated in the formation and assembly of the cornified cell envelope of the epidermis, hair follicle and perhaps other stratified squamous epithelia. We show here the involvement of TGase-3 in human esophageal cancer. In an initial study, mRNA differential display was performed with 3 pairs of esophageal cancer tissues and matched normal adjacent mucosa by a 10-mer arbitrary primer and mixed anchored primers (GT15N, N = A, C and G). Four differentially expressed cDNA bands were consistently observed in all 3 normal tissues but barely detected in their tumor counterparts. One of them was identified to be the 3; end of TGase-3. Northern blot and dot blot analyses of 14 samples confirmed the down-regulation of TGase-3 in malignant tissues compared with normal epithelia. RT-PCR revealed that TGase-3 expression was lost in 3 esophageal carcinoma cell lines and decreased in 35/38 tumors compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Taken together, 49/52 (94.2%) esophageal tumors presented down-regulation of the gene. Our data suggest that alteration of TGase-3 expression is a common event in the development of human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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33
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Abstract
Transglutaminase-3 (TGase-3) is an enzyme with the ability to catalyze the irreversible cross-linking of peptide-bound glutamine residues either with peptide-bound lysines or with primary amines. It has been implicated in the formation and assembly of the cornified cell envelope of the epidermis, hair follicle and perhaps other stratified squamous epithelia. We show here the involvement of TGase-3 in human esophageal cancer. In an initial study, mRNA differential display was performed with 3 pairs of esophageal cancer tissues and matched normal adjacent mucosa by a 10-mer arbitrary primer and mixed anchored primers (GT15N, N = A, C and G). Four differentially expressed cDNA bands were consistently observed in all 3 normal tissues but barely detected in their tumor counterparts. One of them was identified to be the 3; end of TGase-3. Northern blot and dot blot analyses of 14 samples confirmed the down-regulation of TGase-3 in malignant tissues compared with normal epithelia. RT-PCR revealed that TGase-3 expression was lost in 3 esophageal carcinoma cell lines and decreased in 35/38 tumors compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Taken together, 49/52 (94.2%) esophageal tumors presented down-regulation of the gene. Our data suggest that alteration of TGase-3 expression is a common event in the development of human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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34
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Abstract
cDNA fragments that were differentially expressed between human oesophageal carcinomas and matched normal adjacent mucosa were isolated using an improved mRNA differential display technique. One of them was identified as the 3'-untranslated region of SPRR3 and was homologous to the esophagin cDNA. Northern blot, dot blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses revealed that SPRR3 expression was lost in three cell lines of oesophageal carcinoma and was dramatically decreased in 54 out of 57 primary oesophageal carcinomas compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Esophagin has been shown to be down-regulated in western oesophageal carcinomas. The data suggest that esophagin is probably the protein product of the gene SPRR3 and that altered mRNA expression of SPRR3/esophagin is a frequent event in the development of Chinese oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Chen
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
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35
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Xu Z, Wang MR, Xu X, Cai Y, Han YL, Wu KM, Wang J, Chen BS, Wang XQ, Wu M. Novel human esophagus-specific gene c1orf10: cDNA cloning, gene structure, and frequent loss of expression in esophageal cancer. Genomics 2000; 69:322-30. [PMID: 11056050 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a novel human gene, designated C1orf10, using modified differential display PCR. The C1orf10 gene, which spans 5 kb in length, is composed of three exons. The deduced protein contains 495 amino acids with one transmembrane domain. The amino acid sequence of C1orf10 is characterized by the presence of a calcium-binding motif of about 90 amino acids at its N-terminal and a conserved consecutive repeat sequence of 60 amino acids that was identified previously only in bacterial ice nucleation proteins. In normal adult tissues, C1orf10 is highly expressed only in the esophagus and was undetectable in a total of 15 other tissues examined, suggesting its important role in esophageal cells. The expression of C1orf10 is either dramatically reduced or absent in esophageal cancer cell lines (3/3) as well as primary esophageal cancer tissues (35/37) compared with the corresponding normal esophageal mucosa. Using a radiation hybrid panel, C1orf10 was found to be located on chromosome 1q21. These findings suggest that expression of C1orf10 is unique to esophageal cells and that loss of its expression may play a role in the development of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xu
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute, CAMS, Beijing, 100021, P.R. China
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36
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Setiawan VW, Zhang ZF, Yu GP, Li YL, Lu ML, Tsai CJ, Cordova D, Wang MR, Guo CH, Yu SZ, Kurtz RC. GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes and the risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study in a Chinese population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9:73-80. [PMID: 10667466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are involved in detoxification of many potentially carcinogenic compounds. The homozygous deletions or null genotypes of GSTT1 (theta class) and GSTM1 (mu class) genes may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between GSTT1, GSTM1 and the risk of gastric cancer, as well as the potential interactions between these genetic markers and other risk factors of gastric cancer in the Chinese population. We conducted a case-control study with 143 cases with gastric cancer, 166 chronic gastritis (CG) cases and 433 cancer-free population controls from Yangzhong County, China. The epidemiological data were collected by a standard questionnaire for all of the subjects, and blood samples were obtained from 91 gastric cancer cases, 146 CG cases, and 429 controls. GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were assayed by the PCR method, and Helicobacter pylori infection was measured by the ELISA method. Using logistic regression model in SAS, we assessed the independent effects of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes on the risk of gastric cancer and their potential interactions with other factors. The prevalence of GSTM1 null genotype was 48% in gastric cancer cases, 60% in CG patients, and 51% in controls. The prevalence of GSTT1 null genotype was 54% in gastric cancer cases, 48% in CG patients, and 46% in controls. After controlling for age, gender, education, pack-years of smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, H. pylori infection, and fruit and salt intake, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for GSTT1 and gastric cancer was 2.50 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-6.22). When gastric cancer cases were compared with CG patients, the adjusted OR for GSTT1 was 2.33 (95% CI, 0.75-7.25). However, GSTT1 null genotype was not associated with the risk of CG when using population controls. No obvious association was found between GSTM1 and the risk of both gastric cancer and CG. Our results suggest that GSTT1 null genotype may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Setiawan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Los Angeles School of Public Health, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 90095-1772, USA
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37
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Wang MR, Huang XG. Subwavelength-resolvable focused non-gaussian beam shaped with a binary diffractive optical element. Appl Opt 1999; 38:2171-2176. [PMID: 18319777 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The diffraction-limited spot size limits the optical disk storage capacity and microscopic resolution. We describe a technique to shape a focused Gaussian beam into a superresolving beam by using a diffractive optical element fabricated by laser-assisted chemical etching. The focused shaped beam has a smaller width and a longer depth of focus than a similarly focused Gaussian beam. Using the diffraction-limited shaped beam along with threshold writing, we achieved a written pit size of less than 0.33 microm at a 695-nm laser wavelength, compared with a 0.7-microm focused Gaussian spot size (full width at e(-2) of the peak) with the same focusing lens. The energy conversion efficiency for the beam shaping was approximately 81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, USA.
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38
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Wang MR, Su H. Laser direct-write gray-level mask and one-step etching for diffractive microlens fabrication. Appl Opt 1998; 37:7568-7576. [PMID: 18301593 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.007568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency diffractive optical elements can be achieved by an increase in the number of phase levels. We present a technique for laser direct-write gray-level masks on high-energy-beam-sensitive glass and one-step etching on the gray-level mask plate for the production of high-efficiency diffractive optical elements. Sixteen-phase-level diffractive microlenses and microlens arrays with a focusing efficiency of approximately 94% have been realized by use of the one-step nonphotolithographic fabrication technique.
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39
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Wang MR, Su H. Multilevel diffractive microlens fabrication by one-step laser-assisted chemical etching upon high-energy-beam sensitive glass. Opt Lett 1998; 23:876-878. [PMID: 18087371 DOI: 10.1364/ol.23.000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new technique of laser-assisted single-step chemical etching for diffractive microlens fabrication upon high-energy-beam sensitive glass is reported. Laser direct writing with calibrated writing parameters results in gray-level mask patterns upon the ion-exchanged layer of the glass. The transmittance-dependent chemical etching upon the glass is then effectively utilized to yield suitable surface relief structures for multiple-phase-level diffractive optical elements. The one-step nonphotolithographic fabrication technique has been successfully applied for the realization of an eight-phase-level diffractive microlens.
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40
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Chai CY, Wu WC, Hwang JJ, Wang MR, Kuo JS. Attenuation of cardiovascular reactions of vocalized and non-vocalized defence areas of periaqueductal grey following lesions in dorsomedial or ventrolateral medulla of cats. J Auton Nerv Syst 1997; 64:115-27. [PMID: 9203132 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1838(97)00021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the pretentorial periaqueductal grey (PAG), the region producing pressor responses, vocalization and other somatic and visceral signs (VPR) of the defence reaction and another region producing pressor responses (PR) were localized by electrical stimulation in adult cats, anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloralose (40 mg/kg) and urethane (400 mg/kg). The pressor responses included increases of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate, increases of blood flow in the common carotid and femoral arteries and a decrease of blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery. The VPR was found in a relatively restricted region of the dorsolateral PAG, while PR was found scattered within the dorsal and ventral portions of the lateral PAG. The increase of SAP and the changes of blood flow in the sampled arteries were slightly greater during VPR than PR stimulation. Mild vocalization with a slight increase of SAP but marked increases of carotid and femoral blood flow (vasodilation) could be induced by microinjection of N-methyl D-aspartate (0.2 M, 200 nl) into the VPR and the blood flow increase, particularly that of the femoral artery, was greatly attenuated by atropine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). In order to ascertain the contribution of the medullary pressor areas to the VPR- and PR-induced responses, extensive lesions were made in the dorsomedial (DM) or vetrolateral medulla (VLM) by microinjections of kainic acid (KA, 0.024 M) in 27 of the 42 cats. The resting SAP and blood flow of the three arteries were reduced by lesioning of the VLM more than that of the DM. Responses of SAP and blood flow from activation of the PR and VPR, particularly the latter, were affected more after DM compared to VLM lesioning. These data suggest that, while the pretentorial PAG constitutes the 'defence area,' vocalization is confined exclusively to its dorsolateral region and that both the VLM and DM contribute to the cardiovascular components of defence reactions. The DM appears to have a greater contribution compared to the VLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Su H, Wang MR. Laser direct-write optical grating lenses and lenslet arrays on glass for optical interconnect applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1117/12.253162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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42
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Abstract
A numerical-impulse-response technique for studying the propagation and diffraction of finite-width beams in planar phase gratings is described. It can account for both symmetric and asymmetric diffractions. The grating-length-to-beam-width ratio is shown to govern the extent of beam-profile distortion and selectivity sidelobe suppression. Trade-offs between diffraction efficiency and beam profile have also been demonstrated. Theoretical results have been verified by experimental observations in a planar waveguide geometry of diffracted beams that change from a single diffraction peak to multiple peaks as the grating-length-to-beam-width ratio increases.
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43
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Wang MR, Perissel B, Malet P. Rehybridization on metaphases studied previously by FISH. An approach to analyze chromosome aberrations. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995; 85:58-60. [PMID: 8536239 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A new protocol for fluorescence in situ rehybridization is described. Biotin-labeled chromosome-specific DNA probes were hybridized onto metaphases which previously had been studied by FISH. This method makes it possible to reexamine the same metaphase spreads with different DNA probes. It allows for precise characterization of cytogenetic translocations and for detection of multiple aberrations presented in a karyotype. It is especially useful in cases where a limited number of cytogenetic preparations are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chaoyang Qu, Beijing, P.R. China
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44
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Wang MR, Perissel B, Malet P. Cytogenetic characterization of a bladder carcinoma cell line by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1995; 82:170-4. [PMID: 7664249 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)00204-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A bladder carcinoma cell line, RT112/84, has been cytogenetically characterized by classical techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The RHG banding and FISH analysis revealed a mixture of two clones and multiple chromosome rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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45
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Wang MR, Perissel B, Malet P. Simultaneous in situ hybridization with biotin-labeled centromeric and library DNA probes: a useful method for identifying translocations. Anal Cell Pathol 1995; 8:53-6. [PMID: 7734411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A method of in situ hybridization is described for rapid characterization of cytogenetical translocations. In the same experimental procedure, biotinylated centromeric and 'painting' DNA probes were used in combination. Signals of the double-target hybridization were visualized by only one fluorescein. This technique also permits a simultaneous detection of multiple unrelated aberrations involving several chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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46
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Wang MR, Perissel B, Taillandier J, Malet P. Interphase cytogenetic studies of bladder cancer. Bull Cancer 1994; 81:1060-6. [PMID: 7742594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transitional cell carcinomas of human urinary bladder were studied by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). With current hybridization to isolated nuclei, 26 tumors were investigated and nonrandom +7, -9 and -10 were identified. Monosomy 11, tetraploidies and polyploidies were detected in invasive and poor-differentiated tumors. Hybridization on frozen sections offers another means of analysing surgical samples. FISH to vesical washings can be applied to monitor tumor progression. Hybridizations on paraffine sections and on tissues previously stored in liquid nitrogen allow retrospective studies of the archived materials. Our data suggest that the interphase FISH can become a powerful tool for cytogenetic studies of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Laboratoire d'histologie-embryologie-cytogénétique, faculté de médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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47
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Kuznetzova T, Baranov A, Ivaschenko T, Savitsky GA, Lanceva OE, Wang MR, Giollant M, Malet P, Kascheeva T, Vakharlovsky V. X;Y translocation in a girl with short stature and some features of Turner's syndrome: cytogenetic and molecular studies. J Med Genet 1994; 31:649-51. [PMID: 7815426 PMCID: PMC1050031 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.31.8.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 13 year old girl referred for chromosome analysis because of disproportionate short stature (short neck, curved legs, pectus excavatum) with an initial clinical diagnosis of Turner's syndrome was found to have the karyotype 46,X, + der(X) in 100% of her blood lymphocytes. By means of conventional differential staining (QFH/AcD, FPG, and RBA banding) supplemented with distamycin A treatment, the karyotype of the proband was interpreted as 46,X,t(X;Y) (p22.3;q11). The rearranged marker X chromosome was found to be active in 91% of lymphocytes studied. PCR analysis with Y chromosome specific oligoprimers showed the presence of some Y chromosome long arm DNA in both lymphocyte and gonadal tissue biopsy cells. At laparoscopy the patient was found to have small gonads with a rudimentary uterus and fallopian tubes. Histological examination of gonadal tissue showed primary follicles with dystrophic changes of the germ cells and numerous follicular cysts (polycystic ovaries). The proband's phenotype and its correlation with the genetic imbalance of the rearranged X chromosomes, as well as with non-random t(X;Y) chromosome inactivation, are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuznetzova
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg
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48
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Wang MR, Perissel B, Taillandier J, Kémény JL, Fonck Y, Lautier A, Benkhalifa M, Malet P. Nonrandom changes of chromosome 10 in bladder cancer. Detection by FISH to interphase nuclei. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1994; 73:8-10. [PMID: 8174080 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to interphase nuclei has been a valuable method for examining the chromosome copies in tumor cells in clinical practice. Twelve cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder were investigated with a biotin-labeled repetitive DNA probe to detect numerical aberrations of chromosome 10 in interphase nuclei. The cells containing one fluorescent signal were screened in two of seven non-invasive tumors and in four of five invasive tumors. Two patients presented two FISH spots of different sizes. More than two signals were seen in one invasive tumor. The findings suggest that partial or complete loss of a chromosome 10 is a nonrandom aberration in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Laboratoire d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Faculté de Médecine de Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abstract
1. In chloralose-urethane anaesthetized cats, the dorsal cardiovascular reactive area (DCRA) in the parvocellular reticular nucleus dorsomedial to the facial nucleus, and the ventral cardiovascular reactive area (VCRA) ventromedial to the facial nucleus, were stimulated by microinjections of sodium glutamate (100-200 nmol) or electric current. 2. Stimulation of DCRA, with a long latency of 15-20 s, elicited a marked increase of blood flow in the contralateral femoral artery with little change to moderate increase in systemic arterial blood pressure (ABP). In the relatively dorsal portion of DCRA, however, a smaller increase of blood flow in the ipsilateral femoral artery was elicited. 3. On the other hand, stimulation of VCRA with a short latency (3-5s) evoked an increase of blood flow in both femoral arteries which was more prominent on the contralateral side. The responses were accompanied with decreases in the blood flow of other vascular beds with only a slight increase or minimal change in ABP. 4. The data suggest that DCRA and VCRA are both viscerotopically organized to alter the resistance of individual vascular beds for redistribution of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wang
- Aerospace Medical Center, Air Force General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wang MR, Jannson T, Sonek GJ. Substrate wavelength-demultiplexing optical interconnects based on superimposed holographic gratings and three- dimensional Bragg diffraction. Opt Lett 1993; 18:2068. [PMID: 19829494 DOI: 10.1364/ol.18.002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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