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Li J, Williams MJ, Park HJ, Bastos HP, Wang X, Prins D, Wilson NK, Johnson C, Sham K, Wantoch M, Watcham S, Kinston SJ, Pask DC, Hamilton TL, Sneade R, Waller AK, Ghevaert C, Vassiliou GS, Laurenti E, Kent DG, Göttgens B, Green AR. STAT1 is essential for HSC function and maintains MHCIIhi stem cells that resist myeloablation and neoplastic expansion. Blood 2022; 140:1592-1606. [PMID: 35767701 PMCID: PMC7614316 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are predominantly quiescent and can be activated in response to acute stress such as infection or cytotoxic insults. STAT1 is a pivotal downstream mediator of interferon (IFN) signaling and is required for IFN-induced HSC proliferation, but little is known about the role of STAT1 in regulating homeostatic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we show that loss of STAT1 altered the steady state HSPC landscape, impaired HSC function in transplantation assays, delayed blood cell regeneration following myeloablation, and disrupted molecular programs that protect HSCs, including control of quiescence. Our results also reveal STAT1-dependent functional HSC heterogeneity. A previously unrecognized subset of homeostatic HSCs with elevated major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression (MHCIIhi) displayed molecular features of reduced cycling and apoptosis and was refractory to 5-fluorouracil-induced myeloablation. Conversely, MHCIIlo HSCs displayed increased megakaryocytic potential and were preferentially expanded in CALR mutant mice with thrombocytosis. Similar to mice, high MHCII expression is a feature of human HSCs residing in a deeper quiescent state. Our results therefore position STAT1 at the interface of stem cell heterogeneity and the interplay between stem cells and the adaptive immune system, areas of broad interest in the wider stem cell field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Williams
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo P. Bastos
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prins
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K. Wilson
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carys Johnson
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kendig Sham
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Wantoch
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Watcham
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Kinston
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dean C. Pask
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tina L. Hamilton
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sneade
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amie K. Waller
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Kent
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R. Green
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wantoch M, Wilson EB, Droop AP, Phillips SL, Coffey M, El‐Sherbiny YM, Holmes TD, Melcher AA, Wetherill LF, Cook GP. Oncolytic virus treatment differentially affects the CD56 dim and CD56 bright NK cell subsets in vivo and regulates a spectrum of human NK cell activity. Immunology 2022; 166:104-120. [PMID: 35156714 PMCID: PMC10357483 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells protect against intracellular infection and cancer. These properties are exploited in oncolytic virus (OV) therapy, where antiviral responses enhance anti-tumour immunity. We have analysed the mechanism by which reovirus, an oncolytic dsRNA virus, modulates human NK cell activity. Reovirus activates NK cells in a type I interferon (IFN-I) dependent manner, inducing STAT1 and STAT4 signalling in both CD56dim and CD56bright NK cell subsets. Gene expression profiling revealed the dominance of IFN-I responses and identified induction of genes associated with NK cell cytotoxicity and cell cycle progression, with distinct responses in the CD56dim and CD56bright subsets. However, reovirus treatment inhibited IL-15 induced NK cell proliferation in an IFN-I dependent manner and was associated with reduced AKT signalling. In vivo, human CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells responded with similar kinetics to reovirus treatment, but CD56bright NK cells were transiently lost from the peripheral circulation at the peak of the IFN-I response, suggestive of their redistribution to secondary lymphoid tissue. Coupled with the direct, OV-mediated killing of tumour cells, the activation of both CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells by antiviral pathways induces a spectrum of activity that includes the NK cell-mediated killing of tumour cells and modulation of adaptive responses via the trafficking of IFN-γ expressing CD56bright NK cells to lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wantoch
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Present address:
Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Erica B. Wilson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Alastair P. Droop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Present address:
Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
| | - Sarah L. Phillips
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Yasser M. El‐Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Present address:
School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
- Present address:
Clinical Pathology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt
| | - Tim D. Holmes
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Present address:
Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Alan A. Melcher
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
- Present address:
Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUK
| | - Laura F. Wetherill
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Graham P. Cook
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
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Jones NK, Rivett L, Sparkes D, Forrest S, Sridhar S, Young J, Pereira-Dias J, Cormie C, Gill H, Reynolds N, Wantoch M, Routledge M, Warne B, Levy J, Córdova Jiménez WD, Samad FNB, McNicholas C, Ferris M, Gray J, Gill M, Curran MD, Fuller S, Chaudhry A, Shaw A, Bradley JR, Hannon GJ, Goodfellow IG, Dougan G, Smith KGC, Lehner PJ, Wright G, Matheson NJ, Baker S, Weekes MP. Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission between healthcare workers during a period of diminished community prevalence of COVID-19. eLife 2020; 9:e59391. [PMID: 32558644 PMCID: PMC7326489 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that 3% (31/1032)of asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) from a large teaching hospital in Cambridge, UK, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in April 2020. About 15% (26/169) HCWs with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Rivett et al., 2020). Here, we show that the proportion of both asymptomatic and symptomatic HCWs testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 rapidly declined to near-zero between 25th April and 24th May 2020, corresponding to a decline in patient admissions with COVID-19 during the ongoing UK 'lockdown'. These data demonstrate how infection prevention and control measures including staff testing may help prevent hospitals from becoming independent 'hubs' of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and illustrate how, with appropriate precautions, organizations in other sectors may be able to resume on-site work safely.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Asymptomatic Diseases
- Betacoronavirus/genetics
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Testing
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques/statistics & numerical data
- Community-Acquired Infections/transmission
- Contact Tracing
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/transmission
- Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control
- England/epidemiology
- Family Characteristics
- Female
- Health Personnel
- Hospital Units
- Hospitals, Teaching/organization & administration
- Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data
- Hospitals, University/organization & administration
- Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Infection Control
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/statistics & numerical data
- Male
- Mass Screening/organization & administration
- Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data
- Middle Aged
- Nasopharynx/virology
- Occupational Diseases/epidemiology
- Occupational Diseases/prevention & control
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/transmission
- Prevalence
- Program Evaluation
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- SARS-CoV-2
- Symptom Assessment
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick K Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Microbiology & Public Health Laboratory, Public Health EnglandCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucy Rivett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Microbiology & Public Health Laboratory, Public Health EnglandCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Dominic Sparkes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Microbiology & Public Health Laboratory, Public Health EnglandCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sally Forrest
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sushmita Sridhar
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jamie Young
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Joana Pereira-Dias
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire Cormie
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Harmeet Gill
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola Reynolds
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michelle Wantoch
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew Routledge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Microbiology & Public Health Laboratory, Public Health EnglandCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ben Warne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jack Levy
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Fathima Nisha Begum Samad
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Chris McNicholas
- Improvement and Transformation Team, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Ferris
- Occupational Health and Wellbeing, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jane Gray
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Gill
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin D Curran
- Clinical Microbiology & Public Health Laboratory, Public Health EnglandCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stewart Fuller
- National Institutes for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Afzal Chaudhry
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ashley Shaw
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- National Institutes for Health Research Cambridge, Clinical Research FacilityCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cancer Research United Kingdom Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian G Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth GC Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Giles Wright
- Occupational Health and Wellbeing, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- NHS Blood and TransplantCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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4
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Taurozzi AJ, Beekharry R, Wantoch M, Labarthe MC, Walker HF, Seed RI, Simms M, Rodrigues G, Bradford J, van der Horst G, van der Pluijm G, Collins AT. Spontaneous development of Epstein-Barr Virus associated human lymphomas in a prostate cancer xenograft program. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188228. [PMID: 29145505 PMCID: PMC5690647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer research is hampered by the lack of in vivo preclinical models that accurately reflect patient tumour biology and the clinical heterogeneity of human prostate cancer. To overcome these limitations we propagated and characterised a new collection of patient-derived prostate cancer xenografts. Tumour fragments from 147 unsupervised, surgical prostate samples were implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient Rag2-/-γC-/- mice within 24 hours of surgery. Histologic and molecular characterisation of xenografts was compared with patient characteristics, including androgen-deprivation therapy, and exome sequencing. Xenografts were established from 47 of 147 (32%) implanted primary prostate cancers. Only 14% passaged successfully resulting in 20 stable lines; derived from 20 independent patient samples. Surprisingly, only three of the 20 lines (15%) were confirmed as prostate cancer; one line comprised of mouse stroma, and 16 were verified as human donor-derived lymphoid neoplasms. PCR for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) nuclear antigen, together with exome sequencing revealed that the lymphomas were exclusively EBV-associated. Genomic analysis determined that 14 of the 16 EBV+ lines had unique monoclonal or oligoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements, confirming their B-cell origin. We conclude that the generation of xenografts from tumour fragments can commonly result in B-cell lymphoma from patients carrying latent EBV. We recommend routine screening, of primary outgrowths, for latent EBV to avoid this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Taurozzi
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle Wantoch
- Leeds Institute of Cancer & Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hannah F. Walker
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. Seed
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Simms
- Department of Urology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
- Hull -York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - James Bradford
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical School, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne T. Collins
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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