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Meaney E, Pérez-Robles E, Ortiz-Flores M, Perez-Ishiwara G, Meaney A, Munguía L, Roman G, Nájera N, Ceballos G. Overweight, Obesity, and Age Are the Main Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk Aggregation in the Current Mexican Population: The FRIMEX III Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2248. [PMID: 38673521 PMCID: PMC11051286 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mexican population exhibits several cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) including high blood pressure (HBP), dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. This study is an extensive observation of the most important CVFRs in six of the most populated cities in Mexico. Methods: In a cohort of 297,370 participants (54% female, mean age 43 ± 12.6 years), anthropometric (body mass index (BMI)), metabolic (glycemia and total cholesterol (TC)), and blood pressure (BP) data were obtained. Results: From age 40, 40% and 30% of the cohort's participants were overweight or obese, respectively. HBP was found in 27% of participants. However, only 8% of all hypertensive patients were controlled. Fifty percent of the subjects 50 years and older were hypercholesterolemic. Glycemia had a constant linear relation with age. BMI had a linear correlation with SBP, glycemia, and TC, with elevated coefficients in all cases and genders. The β1 coefficient for BMI was more significant in all equations than the other β, indicating that it greatly influences the other CVRFs. Conclusions: TC, glycemia, and SBP, the most critical atherogenic factors, are directly related to BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Meaney
- Laboratorio de Investigación Cardiometabólica Integral, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (E.P.-R.); (M.O.-F.)
| | - Enrique Pérez-Robles
- Laboratorio de Investigación Cardiometabólica Integral, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (E.P.-R.); (M.O.-F.)
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación Cardiometabólica Integral, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (E.P.-R.); (M.O.-F.)
| | - Guillermo Perez-Ishiwara
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra Meaney
- Cardiovascular Unit, Hospital Regional “1° de Octubre”, Instituto de Seguridad Social y Servicios para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Levy Munguía
- Dirección Normativa de Salud, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado, Mexico City 06030, Mexico
| | - Gisele Roman
- Coalición por el Corazón de México, Mexico City 01090, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Laboratorio de Investigación Cardiometabólica Integral, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (E.P.-R.); (M.O.-F.)
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Investigación Cardiometabólica Integral, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico (E.P.-R.); (M.O.-F.)
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Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Ortiz-Flores M, Bernal-Hernández J, Mondragon-Lozano R, Palma-Guzman A, Coyoy-Salgado A, Salgado-Ceballos H. Phytochemical Extract from Carica papaya Leaves and Punica granatum Seeds as Therapy Against Cognitive Impairment in a Murine Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:450-464. [PMID: 37626269 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as inter-stage between normal cognitive aging and major neurocognitive disorder (MND). This state of decay is a crucial factor in treatment to prevent the progression to MND. In this study, our group developed a virtual screening process to evaluate 2568 phytochemical compounds against 5 key proteins associated with MCI and MND. As a result, two potential candidates were identified: carpaine, found in Carica papaya leaves, and punicalagin, present in Punica granatum. A model of cognitive impairment (CI) was developed in 10-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats by administering aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 30 days. After AlCl3 administration period, one of the groups received carpaine and punicalagin in a phytochemical extract (PE) by oral gavage for 30 days. Novel object recognition test (NOR) was assessed at three different time points (T1 - before CI, T2 - after CI, and T3 - after PE treatment). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were identified in the hippocampus of rats at the end of the study period. After administration of AlCl3, a reduction in discrimination index vs control rats (CI = 0.012 ± 0.08 vs Control = 0.076 ± 0.03), was observed. After phytochemical extract treatment, a significant increase in discrimination index values was observed in the PE group 0.4643 ± 0.13 vs CI group 0.012 ± 0.08. Additionally, the evaluation of immunohistochemistry showed an increase in GFAP positivity in the hippocampus of the CI groups, while a slight decrease was observed in the PE group. This work addressed a comprehensive methodology that utilized in silico tools to identify phytochemical compounds (carpaine and punicalagin) as potential candidates for affecting key proteins in CI. The phytochemical extract containing carpaine and punicalagin resulted in a trend in the decrease of GFAP expression in the hippocampus and improved recognition memory in rats with CI induced by age and AlCl3 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gonzalez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Bernal-Hernández
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Mondragon-Lozano
- Researchers for Mexico CONAHCyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Alam Palma-Guzman
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Laboratorio de Histología, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Researchers for Mexico CONAHCyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Portilla-Martínez A, Ortiz-Flores M, Hidalgo I, Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Meaney E, Ceballos G, Nájera N. In silico evaluation of flavonoids as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main nonstructural proteins (Nsps)—amentoflavone as a multitarget candidate. J Mol Model 2022; 28:404. [PMCID: PMC9707096 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Portilla-Martínez
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología Y Salud Pública, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gonzalez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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Hidalgo I, Ortiz-Flores M, Villarreal F, Fonseca-Coronado S, Ceballos G, Meaney E, Nájera N. Is it possible to treat nonalcoholic liver disease using a flavanol-based nutraceutical approach? Basic and clinical data. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:703-714. [PMID: 35119232 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a spectrum of diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The main factors for NAFLD are closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, intestinal microbiota alterations, hyperinsulinism, low-grade systemic inflammation, nitroxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, the treatment of NAFLD is based on diet and exercise because, to date, there is no specific pharmacological agent, already approved, that raises the need for new therapeutic strategies. Nutraceuticals, such as polyphenols, have potential beneficial effects for health. In this article, the beneficial effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin (EC) are discussed. EGCG is the main catechin in green tea, which has shown in various studies its potential effect preventing and treating NAFLD since it has shown antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antioxidant, and improvement of liver lipid metabolism. However, it has been found that excessive consumption may cause hepatotoxicity. EC is widely distributed in nature (fruits and vegetables). This flavanol has shown many beneficial effects, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antithrombotic, and antifibrotic properties. It increases mitochondrial biogenesis, and it also has effects on the regulation of synthesis and metabolism of lipids. This flavanol is a nontoxic substance; it has been classified by the United States Food and Drug Administration as harmless. The EC-induced effects can be useful for the prevention and/or treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hidalgo
- Unidad de Investigación Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Salud Publica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | - Salvador Fonseca-Coronado
- Unidad de Investigación Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Salud Publica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Laboratorio de investigación integral cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
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Garate-Carrillo A, Navarrete-Yañez V, Ortiz-Vilchis P, Guevara G, Castillo C, Mendoza-Lorenzo P, Ceballos G, Ortiz-Flores M, Najera N, Bustamante-Pozo MM, Rubio-Gayosso I, Villarreal F, Ramirez-Sanchez I. Arginase inhibition by (-)-Epicatechin reverses endothelial cell aging. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173442. [PMID: 32795514 PMCID: PMC7418791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (EnD) occurs with aging and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production by NO synthase (NOS) can be impaired. Low NO levels have been linked to increased arginase (Ar) activity as Ar competes with NOS for L-arginine. The inhibition of Ar activity can reverse EnD and (-)-epicatechin (Epi) inhibits myocardial Ar activity. In this study, through in silico modeling we demonstrate that Epi interacts with Ar similarly to its inhibitor Norvaline (Norv). Using in vitro and in vivo models of aging, we examined Epi and Norv-inhibition of Ar activity and its endothelium-protective effects. Bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAEC) were treated with Norv (10 μM), Epi (1 μM) or the combination (Epi + Norv) for 48 h. Ar activity increased in aged BCAEC, with decreased NO generation. Treatment decreased Ar activity to levels seen in young cells. Epi and Epi + Norv decreased nitrosylated Ar levels by ~25% in aged cells with lower oxidative stress (~25%) (dihydroethidium) levels. In aged cells, Epi and Epi + Norv restored the eNOS monomer/dimer ratio, protein expression levels and NO production to those of young cells. Furthermore, using 18 month old rats 15 days of treatment with either Epi (1 mg/kg), Norv (10 mg/kg) or combo, decreased hypertension and improved aorta vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, blood NO levels and tetra/dihydribiopterin ratios in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells. In conclusion, results provide evidence that inhibiting Ar with Epi reverses aged-related loss of eNOS function and improves vascular function through the modulation of Ar and eNOS protein levels and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Garate-Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Navarrete-Yañez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Pilar Ortiz-Vilchis
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Guevara
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Carmen Castillo
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Lorenzo
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Unidad Chontalpa, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Najera
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Moises Muratt Bustamante-Pozo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Ivan Rubio-Gayosso
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Health Care, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Israel Ramirez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico.
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