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Kiehl KA, Anderson NE, Aharoni E, Maurer JM, Harenski KA, Rao V, Claus ED, Harenski C, Koenigs M, Decety J, Kosson D, Wager TD, Calhoun VD, Steele VR. Age of gray matters: Neuroprediction of recidivism. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:813-823. [PMID: 30013925 PMCID: PMC6024200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Age is one of the best predictors of antisocial behavior. Risk models of recidivism often combine chronological age with demographic, social and psychological features to aid in judicial decision-making. Here we use independent component analyses (ICA) and machine learning techniques to demonstrate the utility of using brain-based measures of cerebral aging to predict recidivism. First, we developed a brain-age model that predicts chronological age based on structural MRI data from incarcerated males (n = 1332). We then test the model's ability to predict recidivism in a new sample of offenders with longitudinal outcome data (n = 93). Consistent with hypotheses, inclusion of brain-age measures of the inferior frontal cortex and anterior-medial temporal lobes (i.e., amygdala) improved prediction models when compared with models using chronological age; and models that combined psychological, behavioral, and neuroimaging measures provided the most robust prediction of recidivism. These results verify the utility of brain measures in predicting future behavior, and suggest that brain-based data may more precisely account for important variation when compared with traditional proxy measures such as chronological age. This work also identifies new brain systems that contribute to recidivism which has clinical implications for treatment development. A brain-age model is developed on a large sample of MRI data collected from incarcerated males (n = 1332). The model is tested in a new sample to predict recidivism using brain vs. chronological age. Brain-age measures outperformed chronological age in prediction of recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Kiehl
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico School of Law, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Nathaniel E Anderson
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eyal Aharoni
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Michael Maurer
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Keith A Harenski
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vikram Rao
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Carla Harenski
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mike Koenigs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Kosson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Fede SJ, Harenski CL, Borg JS, Sinnott-Armstrong W, Rao V, Caldwell B, Nyalakanti PK, Koenigs M, Decety J, Calhoun VC, Kiehl KA. Abnormal fronto-limbic engagement in incarcerated stimulant users during moral processing. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3077-87. [PMID: 27401337 PMCID: PMC4982833 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stimulant use is a significant and prevalent problem, particularly in criminal populations. Previous studies found that cocaine and methamphetamine use is related to impairment in identifying emotions and empathy. Stimulant users also have abnormal neural structure and function of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), amygdala, and anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate (PCC), regions implicated in moral decision-making. However, no research has studied the neural correlates of stimulant use and explicit moral processing in an incarcerated population. OBJECTIVES Here, we examine how stimulant use affects sociomoral processing that might contribute to antisocial behavior. We predicted that vmPFC, amygdala, PCC, and ACC would show abnormal neural response during a moral processing task in incarcerated methamphetamine and cocaine users. METHODS Incarcerated adult males (N = 211) were scanned with a mobile MRI system while completing a moral decision-making task. Lifetime drug use was assessed. Neural responses during moral processing were compared between users and non-users. The relationship between duration of use and neural function was also examined. RESULTS Incarcerated stimulant users showed less amygdala engagement than non-users during moral processing. Duration of stimulant use was negatively associated with activity in ACC and positively associated with vmPFC response during moral processing. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a dynamic pattern of fronto-limbic moral processing related to stimulant use with deficits in both central motive and cognitive integration elements of biological moral processes theory. This increases our understanding of how drug use relates to moral processing in the brain in an ultra-high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Fede
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vince C. Calhoun
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kent A. Kiehl
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
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Koenigs M, Baskin-Sommers A, Zeier J, Newman JP. Investigating the neural correlates of psychopathy: a critical review. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:792-9. [PMID: 21135855 PMCID: PMC3120921 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of neuroimaging studies have sought to identify the brain anomalies associated with psychopathy. The results of such studies could have significant implications for the clinical and legal management of psychopaths, as well as for neurobiological models of human social behavior. In this article, we provide a critical review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies of psychopathy. In particular, we emphasize the considerable variability in results across studies, and focus our discussion on three methodological issues that could contribute to the observed heterogeneity in study data: (1) the use of between-group analyses (psychopaths vs non-psychopaths) as well as correlational analyses (normal variation in 'psychopathic' traits), (2) discrepancies in the criteria used to classify subjects as psychopaths and (3) consideration of psychopathic subtypes. The available evidence suggests that each of these issues could have a substantial effect on the reliability of imaging data. We propose several strategies for resolving these methodological issues in future studies, with the goal of fostering further progress in the identification of the neural correlates of psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koenigs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
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