1
|
Sominina A, Danilenko D, Komissarov AB, Pisareva M, Fadeev A, Konovalova N, Eropkin M, Petrova P, Zheltukhina A, Musaeva T, Eder V, Ivanova A, Komissarova K, Stolyarov K, Karpova L, Smorodintseva E, Dorosh A, Krivitskaya V, Kuznetzova E, Majorova V, Petrova E, Boyarintseva A, Ksenafontov A, Shtro A, Nikolaeva J, Bakaev M, Burtseva E, Lioznov D. Assessing the Intense Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Epidemic and Vaccine Effectiveness in the Post-COVID Season in the Russian Federation. Viruses 2023; 15:1780. [PMID: 37632122 PMCID: PMC10458445 DOI: 10.3390/v15081780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on influenza activity worldwide. However, as the pandemic progressed, influenza activity resumed. Here, we describe the influenza epidemic of high intensity of the 2022-2023 season. The epidemic had an early start and peaked in week 51.2022. The extremely high intensity of the epidemic may have been due to a significant decrease in herd immunity. The results of PCR-testing of 220,067 clinical samples revealed that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus dominated, causing 56.4% of positive cases, while A(H3N2) influenza subtype accounted for only 0.6%, and influenza B of Victoria lineage-for 34.3%. The influenza vaccine was found to be highly effective, with an estimated effectiveness of 92.7% in preventing admission with laboratory-confirmed influenza severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) cases and 54.7% in preventing influenza-like illness/acute respiratory illness (ILI/ARI) cases due to antigenic matching of circulated viruses with influenza vaccine strains for the season. Full genome next-generation sequencing of 1723 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses showed that all of them fell within clade 6B.1A.5.a2; nine of them possessed H275Y substitution in the NA gene, a genetic marker of oseltamivir resistance. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses belonged to subclade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 with the genetic group 2b being dominant. All 433 influenza B viruses belonged to subclade V1A.3a.2 encoding HA1 substitutions A127T, P144L, and K203R, which could be further divided into two subgroups. None of the influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses sequenced had markers of resistance to NA inhibitors. Thus, despite the continuing circulation of Omicron descendant lineages, influenza activity has resumed in full force, raising concerns about the intensity of fore coming seasonal epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sominina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Daria Danilenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Andrey B. Komissarov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Maria Pisareva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Artem Fadeev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Nadezhda Konovalova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Mikhail Eropkin
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Polina Petrova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Alyona Zheltukhina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Tamila Musaeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Veronika Eder
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Kseniya Komissarova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Kirill Stolyarov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Ludmila Karpova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Elizaveta Smorodintseva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Dorosh
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Vera Krivitskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Elena Kuznetzova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Victoria Majorova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Petrova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Anastassia Boyarintseva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Andrey Ksenafontov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Anna Shtro
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Julia Nikolaeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Mikhail Bakaev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Elena Burtseva
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after N.F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (D.D.); (E.K.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Pavlov State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|