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Bartosik M, Simon A, Strahl A, Oheim R, Amling M, Schmidt FN. Comparison of Motion Grading in 1,000 Patients by First- and Second-Generation HR-pQCT: A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:597-608. [PMID: 37880520 PMCID: PMC10673987 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo bone microstructure measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is gaining importance in research and clinical practice. Second-generation HR-pQCT (XCT2) shows improved image quality and shorter measurement duration compared to the first generation (XCT1). Predicting and understanding the occurrence of motion artifacts is crucial for clinical practice. We retrospectively analyzed data from HR-pQCT measurements at the distal radius and tibia of 1,000 patients (aged 20 to 89) evenly distributed between both generations of HR-pQCT. Motion artifacts were graded between 1 (no motion) and 5 (severe motion), with grades greater 3 considered unusable. Additionally, baseline characteristics and patients' muscle performance and balance were measured. Various group comparisons between the two generations of HR-pQCT and regression analyses between patient characteristics and motion grading were performed. The study groups of XCT1 and XCT2 did not differ by age (XCT1: 64.9 vs. XCT2: 63.8 years, p = 0.136), sex (both 74.5% females, p > 0.999), or BMI (both 24.2 kg/m2, p = 0.911) after propensity score matching. XCT2 scans exhibited significantly lower motion grading in both extremities compared to XCT1 (Radius: p < 0.001; Tibia: p = 0.002). In XCT2 motion-corrupted scans were more than halved at the radius (XCT1: 35.3% vs. XCT2: 15.5%, p < 0.001), and at the tibia the frequency of best image quality scans was increased (XCT1: 50.2% vs. XCT2: 63.7%, p < 0.001). The strongest independent predictor for motion-corrupted images is the occurrence of high motion grading at the other scanning site during the same consultation. The association between high motion grading in one scan and a corresponding high motion grading in another scan within the same session suggests a non-resting patient. Additionally, aged, female, and patients with smaller stature tend towards higher motion grading, requiring special attention to a correct extremity fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Bartosik
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Simon
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Strahl
- Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Oheim
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Hollerweger R, Holec D, Paulitsch J, Bartosik M, Daniel R, Rachbauer R, Polcik P, Keckes J, Krywka C, Euchner H, Mayrhofer P. Complementary ab initio and X-ray nanodiffraction studies of Ta 2O 5. Acta Mater 2015; 83:276-284. [PMID: 25642136 PMCID: PMC4308001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The complex structure of Ta2O5 led to the development of various structural models. Among them, superstructures represent the most stable configurations. However, their formation requires kinetic activity and long-range ordering processes, which are hardly present during physical vapor deposition. Based on nano-beam X-ray diffraction and concomitant ab initio studies, a new metastable orthorhombic basic structure is introduced for Ta2O5 with lattice parameters a = 6.425 Å, b = 3.769 Å and c = 7.706 Å. The unit cell containing only 14 atoms, i.e. two formula unit blocks in the c direction, is characterized by periodically alternating the occupied oxygen site between two possible positions in succeeding 002-planes. This structure can be described by the space group 53 (Pncm) with four Wyckoff positions, and exhibits an energy of formation of -3.209 eV atom-1. Among all the reported basic structures, its energy of formation is closest to those of superstructures. Furthermore, this model exhibits a 2.5 eV band gap, which is closer to experimental data than the band gap of any other basic-structure model. The sputtered Ta2O5 films develop only a superstructure if annealed at temperatures >800 °C in air or vacuum. Based on these results and the conveniently small unit cell size, it is proposed that the basic-structure model described here is an ideal candidate for both structure and electronic state descriptions of orthorhombic Ta2O5 materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Hollerweger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Application Oriented Coating Development at the Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - D. Holec
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - J. Paulitsch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Bartosik
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Application Oriented Coating Development at the Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - R. Daniel
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - R. Rachbauer
- Oerlikon Balzers Coating AG, LI-9496 Balzers, Liechtenstein
| | - P. Polcik
- Plansee Composite Materials GmbH, D-86983 Lechbruck am See, Germany
| | - J. Keckes
- Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben and Materials Center Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - C. Krywka
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, University of Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 19, D-24098 Kiel and Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute for Materials Research, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - H. Euchner
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - P.H. Mayrhofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Application Oriented Coating Development at the Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
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Bartosik M, Hrstka R, Palecek E, Vojtesek B. Adsorptive Transfer Stripping for Quick Electrochemical Determination of microRNAs in Total RNA Samples. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Raad F, Nasreddine L, Hilan C, Bartosik M, Parent-Massin D. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol from a total diet study in an adult urban Lebanese population. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 73:35-43. [PMID: 25088296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins may be associated with carcinogenic, immunosuppressant and estrogenic effects. In the Middle-East, studies investigating food contamination and dietary exposure to mycotoxins are particularly scarce. This study aims at evaluating the dietary exposure of an adult Lebanese urban population to four mycotoxins (AFB1, AFM1, OTA, DON) classified as priority food contaminants by the WHO. Dietary exposure assessment was performed by means of the total diet study approach. Average and excessive consumer exposure estimates (p95) were calculated and compared with appropriate toxicological reference values (TRVs). Average dietary exposure levels to OTA and DON represented 29.9% and 156.8% of the respective TRVs, with the p95 exposure estimates approaching or exceeding the TRVs for these mycotoxins (95.1% and 355.8%, respectively). Based on the mean dietary exposure level to AFB1, cancer risk was estimated at 0.0527-0.0545cases/100,000persons/year, while mean exposure to AFM1 was associated with a population risk of 0.0018-0.0027cases/100,000persons/year. The study's findings place Lebanon among countries that are highly exposed to mycotoxins through the diet and call for larger-scale studies aiming at providing a comprehensive assessment of the dietary exposure of the Lebanese population to mycotoxins as well as to other food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raad
- Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI), Tel Amara Station, Bekaa, Lebanon; Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UEB-UBO), UFR Sciences et Techniques, France
| | - L Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - C Hilan
- Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI), Tel Amara Station, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - M Bartosik
- ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal, Pôle Analyses et Méthodes, Station Expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France
| | - D Parent-Massin
- Laboratoire d'Evaluation du Risque Chimique pour le Consommateur (LERCCo), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UEB-UBO), UFR Sciences et Techniques, France; Université Paris-Sud, Inserm UMR-S 996, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Mayrhofer P, Sonnleitner D, Bartosik M, Holec D. Structural and mechanical evolution of reactively and non-reactively sputtered Zr-Al-N thin films during annealing. Surf Coat Technol 2014; 244:52-56. [PMID: 24748705 PMCID: PMC3990427 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of reactive and non-reactive sputtering on structure, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of Zr1 - xAlxN thin films during annealing to 1500 °C is investigated in detail. Reactive sputtering of a Zr0.6Al0.4 target leads to the formation of Zr0.66Al0.34N thin films, mainly composed of supersaturated cubic (c) Zr1 - xAlxN with small fractions of (semi-)coherent wurtzite (w) AlN domains. Upon annealing, the formation of cubic Zr-rich domains and growth of the (semi-)coherent w-AlN domains indicate spinodal-like decomposition. Loss of coherency can only be observed for annealing temperatures above 1150 °C. Following these decomposition processes, the hardness remains at the as-deposited value of ~ 29 GPa with annealing up to 1100 °C. Using a ceramic (ZrN)0.6(AlN)0.4 target and sputtering in Ar atmosphere allows preparing c-Zr0.68Al0.32N coatings with a well-defined crystalline single-phase cubic structure combined with higher hardnesses of ~ 31 GPa. Due to the absence of (semi-)coherent w-AlN domains in the as-deposited state, which could act as nucleation sites, the decomposition process of c-Zr1 - xAlxN is retarded. Only after annealing at 1270 °C, the formation of incoherent w-AlN can be detected. Hence, their hardness remains very high with ~ 33 GPa even after annealing at 1200 °C. The study highlights the importance of controlling the deposition process to prepare well-defined coatings with high mechanical properties and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.H. Mayrhofer
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - D. Sonnleitner
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - M. Bartosik
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - D. Holec
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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Bartosik M, Daniel R, Zhang Z, Deluca M, Ecker W, Stefenelli M, Klaus M, Genzel C, Mitterer C, Keckes J. Lateral gradients of phases, residual stress and hardness in a laser heated Ti 0.52Al 0.48N coating on hard metal. Surf Coat Technol 2012; 206:4502-4510. [PMID: 23471140 PMCID: PMC3587495 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of a local thermal treatment on the properties of Ti-Al-N coatings is not understood. In the present work, a Ti0.52Al0.48N coating on a WC-Co substrate was heated with a diode laser up to 900 °C for 30 s and radially symmetric lateral gradients of phases, residual stress and hardness were characterized ex-situ using position-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The results reveal (i) a residual stress relaxation at the edge of the irradiated area and (ii) a compressive stress increase of few GPa in the irradiated area center due to the Ti-Al-N decomposition, in particular due to the formation of small wurtzite (w) AlN domains. The coating hardness increased from 35 to 47 GPa towards the center of the heated spot. In the underlying heated substrate, a residual stress change from about - 200 to 500 MPa down to a depth of 6 μm is observed. Complementary, in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis of stresses in a homogeneously heated Ti0.52Al0.48N coating on a WC-Co substrate was performed in the range of 25-1003 °C. The in-situ experiment revealed the origin of the observed thermally-activated residual stress oscillation across the laser heated spot. Finally, it is demonstrated that the coupling of laser heating to produce lateral thermal gradients and position-resolved experimental techniques opens the possibility to perform fast screening of structure-property relationships in complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bartosik
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
- Erich Schmid Institute for Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - R. Daniel
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
| | - Z. Zhang
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
- Erich Schmid Institute for Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
| | - M. Deluca
- Institut für Struktur- und Funktionskeramik, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Leoben, Austria
| | - W. Ecker
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Leoben, Austria
| | - M. Stefenelli
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
- Erich Schmid Institute for Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Leoben, Austria
| | - M. Klaus
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Genzel
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Mitterer
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Testing, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
| | - J. Keckes
- Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria
- Erich Schmid Institute for Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
- Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH, Leoben, Austria
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