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Yu YH, Chen C, Ma JR, Zhang YY, Yan MF, Zhang WB, Hu Z, Wang HH, Ma JC. The FabA-FabB Pathway Is Not Essential for Unsaturated Fatty Acid Synthesis but Modulates Diffusible Signal Factor Synthesis in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2023; 36:119-130. [PMID: 36515967 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0182-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Most bacteria use type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) systems for synthesizing fatty acids, of which the conserved FabA-FabB pathway is considered to be crucial for unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) synthesis in gram-negative bacteria. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the phytopathogen of black rot disease in crucifers, produces higher quantities of UFAs under low-temperature conditions for increasing membrane fluidity. The fabA and fabB genes were identified in the X. campestris pv. campestris genome by BLAST analysis; however, the growth of the X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB deletion mutants was comparable to that of the wild-type strain in nutrient and minimal media. The X. campestris pv. campestris ΔfabA and ΔfabB strains produced large quantities of UFAs and, altogether, these results indicated that the FabA-FabB pathway is not essential for growth or UFA synthesis in X. campestris pv. campestris. We also observed that the expression of X. campestris pv. campestris fabA and fabB restored the growth of the temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli fabA and fabB mutants CL104 and CY242, respectively, under non-permissive conditions. The in-vitro assays demonstrated that the FabA and FabB proteins of X. campestris pv. campestris catalyzed FAS. Our study also demonstrated that the production of diffusible signal factor family signals that mediate quorum sensing was higher in the X. campestris pv. campestris ΔfabA and ΔfabB strains and greatly reduced in the complementary strains, which exhibited reduced swimming motility and attenuated host-plant pathogenicity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Yu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jian-Rong Ma
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
| | - Yuan-Yin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Ming-Feng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Zhang H, Zhu B, Park S, Doerr C, Aydinlik M, Geyer J, Pfau T, Pendock G, Aroca R, Liu F, Rasmussen C, Mikkelsen B, Borel PI, Geisler T, Jensen R, Peckham DW, Lingle R, Vaidya D, Yan MF, Wisk PW, DiGiovanni DJ. Real-time transmission of 16 Tb/s over 1020km using 200Gb/s CFP2-DCO. Opt Express 2018; 26:6943-6948. [PMID: 29609380 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.006943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate real-time transmission of 16 Tb/s (80x200Gb/s) over 1020km TeraWave ULL fiber with 170km span length using the world's first 200Gb/s CFP2-DCO module with a record low power consumption less than 0.1W/Gbps.
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Yang Y, Cui J, Li L, Lu H, Li DY, Yan MF. Carbon adsorption on doped cementite surfaces for effective catalytic growth of diamond-like carbon: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32341-32348. [PMID: 29184945 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied the adsorption of carbon on (100), (010) and (001) surfaces of alloyed cementite (Fe2MC with M = Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni and V), in comparison with that of cementite (Fe3C), to predict the catalytic effect of the element-doped cementite on diamond-like carbon (DLC) growth through first-principles analysis. The adsorption of carbon on the alloyed cementite surface is related to its surface stability. The more stable a surface, the weaker its adsorption capability. Mn, Mo, Cr or V alloyed cementite have a higher adsorption energy than unalloyed cementite. A correlation has also been found between the adsorption and the transferred charge based on Bader charge analysis. Among all the types of doped cementite under study, Fe2NiC possesses the strongest catalytic activity for DLC growth based on the formation energy of diamond carbon. Doping cementite with the appropriate elements provides a promising means to improve the catalytic activity of Fe3C for effective DLC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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Zhu B, Borel PI, Geisler T, Jensen R, Leng L, Jiang X, Peckham DW, Lingle RL, Vaidya D, Yan MF, Wisk PW, DiGiovanni DJ. 800Gb/s (8x128Gb/s) unrepeatered transmission over 515-km large-area ultra-low-loss fiber using 2nd-order Raman pumping. Opt Express 2016; 24:25291-25297. [PMID: 27828467 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate unrepeatered transmission of 8x128Gb/s PDM-QPSK signals over a 515k-m fiber link. This ultra-long distance of 800 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission in a single fiber configuration is achieved by employing enabling techniques such as large-effective-area ultra-low-attenuation fibers, co-propagating and counter-propagating 2nd-order-pumped distributed Raman amplification, and remote optically pumped amplifier (ROPA). The ROPA itself is also counter-propagating 2nd-order Raman pumped. The designs and characteristics of the ROPA and 2nd-order pumped distributed Raman amplification are described, and optimization of the transmission performance of this ultra-long reach 800Gb/s unrepeatered transmission fiber link is discussed in this paper.
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Nicholson JW, DeSantolo A, Yan MF, Wisk P, Mangan B, Puc G, Yu AW, Stephen MA. High energy, 1572.3 nm pulses for CO 2 LIDAR from a polarization-maintaining, very-large-mode-area, Er-doped fiber amplifier. Opt Express 2016; 24:19961-19968. [PMID: 27557271 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first polarization-maintaining, very-large-mode-area, Er-doped fiber amplifier with ~1100 μm2 effective area. The amplifier is core pumped by a Raman fiber laser and is used to generate single-frequency, one-microsecond, pulses with pulse energy of 541 μJ, peak power of 700 W, M2 of 1.1, and polarization extinction > 20 dB. The amplifier operates at 1572.3 nm, a wavelength useful for trace atmospheric CO2 detection.
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Larsen SHM, Pedersen MEV, Grüner-Nielsen L, Yan MF, Monberg EM, Wisk PW, Rottwitt K. Polarization-maintaining higher-order mode fiber module with anomalous dispersion at 1 μm. Opt Lett 2012; 37:4170-4172. [PMID: 23073400 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This Letter demonstrates a polarization-maintaining higher-order mode fiber module that has anomalous dispersion at 1 μm. The group velocity dispersion of the module is measured, showing a split of the two polarization axes. The excellent polarization-maintaining properties of the relevant fiber modes for the higher-order mode fiber are likewise demonstrated employing a new simple method for the measurement of the beat length of higher-order modes at a single wavelength. The higher-order fiber module is intended for group velocity dispersion compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H M Larsen
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Abedin KS, Taunay TF, Fishteyn M, DiGiovanni DJ, Supradeepa VR, Fini JM, Yan MF, Zhu B, Monberg EM, Dimarcello FV. Cladding-pumped erbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier. Opt Express 2012; 20:20191-20200. [PMID: 23037071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A cladding pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplifier for simultaneous amplification of 6 channels is demonstrated. Peak gain over 32 dB has been obtained at a wavelength of 1560 nm and the bandwidth measured at 20-dB gain was about 35 nm. Numerical modeling of cladding pumped multicore erbium-doped amplifier was also performed to study the properties of the amplifier. The results of experiment and simulation are found to be in good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Abedin
- OFS Laboratories, 19 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA.
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8
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Chandrasekhar S, Gnauck AH, Liu X, Winzer PJ, Pan Y, Burrows EC, Taunay TF, Zhu B, Fishteyn M, Yan MF, Fini JM, Monberg EM, Dimarcello FV. WDM/SDM transmission of 10 x 128-Gb/s PDM-QPSK over 2688-km 7-core fiber with a per-fiber net aggregate spectral-efficiency distance product of 40,320 km·b/s/Hz. Opt Express 2012; 20:706-711. [PMID: 22274415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate 2688-km multi-span transmission using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) of ten 50-GHz spaced 128-Gb/s PDM-QPSK signals, space-division multiplexed (SDM) in a low-crosstalk 76.8-km seven-core fiber, achieving a record net aggregate per-fiber-spectral-efficiency-distance product of 40,320 km·b/s/Hz. The demonstration was enabled by a novel core-to-core signal rotation scheme implemented in a 7-fold, synchronized recirculating loop apparatus.
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9
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Liu X, Chandrasekhar S, Chen X, Winzer PJ, Pan Y, Taunay TF, Zhu B, Fishteyn M, Yan MF, Fini JM, Monberg EM, Dimarcello FV. 1.12-Tb/s 32-QAM-OFDM superchannel with 8.6-b/s/Hz intrachannel spectral efficiency and space-division multiplexed transmission with 60-b/s/Hz aggregate spectral efficiency. Opt Express 2011; 19:B958-B964. [PMID: 22274125 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.00b958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of a 1.12-Tb/s superchannel based on coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with polarization-division multiplexed 32-QAM subcarriers, achieving a net intrachannel-spectral-efficiency (ISE) of 8.6 b/s/Hz. Using space-division multiplexing (SDM), we transmit this superchannel over a 76.8-km low-crosstalk multi-core-fiber (MCF) with a record aggregate ISE of 60 b/s/Hz per fiber. We also discuss the impact of core-to-core crosstalk on transmission performance, as well as future perspectives of MCF-based SDM transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USA.
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10
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Abedin KS, Taunay TF, Fishteyn M, Yan MF, Zhu B, Fini JM, Monberg EM, Dimarcello FV, Wisk PW. Amplification and noise properties of an erbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier. Opt Express 2011; 19:16715-16721. [PMID: 21935033 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.016715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A multicore erbium-doped fiber (MC-EDF) amplifier for simultaneous amplification in the 7-cores has been developed, and the gain and noise properties of individual cores have been studied. The pump and signal radiation were coupled to individual cores of MC-EDF using two tapered fiber bundled (TFB) couplers with low insertion loss. For a pump power of 146 mW, the average gain achieved in the MC-EDF fiber was 30 dB, and noise figure was less than 4 dB. The net useful gain from the multicore-amplifier, after taking into consideration of all the passive losses, was about 23-27 dB. Pump induced ASE noise transfer between the neighboring channel was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Abedin
- OFS Laboratories, 19 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA.
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11
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Zhu B, Taunay TF, Fishteyn M, Liu X, Chandrasekhar S, Yan MF, Fini JM, Monberg EM, Dimarcello FV. 112-Tb/s space-division multiplexed DWDM transmission with 14-b/s/Hz aggregate spectral efficiency over a 76.8-km seven-core fiber. Opt Express 2011; 19:16665-16671. [PMID: 21935028 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.016665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new multicore fiber (MCF) having seven single-mode cores arranged in a hexagonal array, exhibiting low crosstalk among the cores and low loss across the C and L bands. We experimentally demonstrate a record transmission capacity of 112 Tb/s over a 76.8-km MCF using space-division multiplexing and dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM). Each core carries 160 107-Gb/s polarization-division multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-QPSK) channels on a 50-GHz grid in the C and L bands, resulting in an aggregate spectral efficiency of 14 b/s/Hz. We further investigate the impact of the inter-core crosstalk on a 107-Gb/s PDM-QPSK signal after transmitting through the center core of the MCF when all the 6 outer cores carry same-wavelength 107-Gb/s signals with equal powers, and discuss the system implications of core-to-core crosstalk on ultra-long-haul transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhu
- OFS Labs, 19 Schoolhouse Rd, Somerset NJ, 08873, USA.
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12
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Nicholson JW, Yan MF, Wisk P, Fleming J, DiMarcello F, Monberg E, Taunay T, Headley C, DiGiovanni DJ. Raman fiber laser with 81 W output power at 1480 nm. Opt Lett 2010; 35:3069-71. [PMID: 20847781 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a Raman fiber laser with an operating wavelength of 1480 nm and record output power of 81 W. High-power operation is enabled by a long-period grating used to frustrate backward lasing at the Stokes wavelength in the Yb-doped fiber amplifier. A cascaded Raman fiber with a long-wavelength fundamental mode cutoff enables efficient multiple Stokes scattering from 1117 to 1480 nm while preventing further unwanted scattering to 1590 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nicholson
- OFS Laboratories, 19 Schoolhouse Road, Suite 105, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA.
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Zhu B, Taunay TF, Yan MF, Fini JM, Fishteyn M, Monberg EM, Dimarcello FV. Seven-core multicore fiber transmissions for passive optical network. Opt Express 2010; 18:11117-11122. [PMID: 20588970 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We design and fabricate a novel multicore fiber (MCF), with seven cores arranged in a hexagonal array. The fiber properties of MCF including low crosstalk, attenuation and splice loss are described. A new tapered MCF connector (TMC), showing ultra-low crosstalk and losses, is also designed and fabricated for coupling the individual signals in-and-out of the MCF. We further propose a novel network configuration using parallel transmissions with the MCF and TMC for passive optical network (PON). To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate the first bi-directional parallel transmissions of 1310 nm and 1490 nm signals over 11.3-km of seven-core MCF with 64-way splitter for PON.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhu
- OFS Labs, 19 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA.
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14
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Nicholson JW, Yablon AD, Yan MF, Wisk P, Bise R, Trevor DJ, Alonzo J, Stockert T, Fleming J, Monberg E, Dimarcello F, Fini J. Coherence of supercontinua generated by ultrashort pulses compressed in optical fibers. Opt Lett 2008; 33:2038-2040. [PMID: 18794923 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond fiber lasers together with nonlinear fibers are compact, reliable, all-fiber supercontinuum sources. Maintaining an all-fiber configuration, however, necessitates pulse compression in an optical fiber, which can lead to nonlinearities for subhundred femtosecond, nanojoule pulses. In this work we show that using large-mode-area fibers for pulse compression mitigates the nonlinearity, resulting in compressed pulses with significantly reduced satellite pulses. Consequently, supercontinua generated with these pulses are shown to have as much as a 10 dB increase in coherence fringe contrast. By using a hybrid highly nonlinear fiber-photonic crystal fiber, the continuum can be extended to visible wavelengths while still maintaining high coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nicholson
- OFS Laboratories, 19 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, NJ 08873, USA.
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Nicholson JW, Ramachandran S, Ghalmi S, Yan MF, Wisk P, Monberg E, Dimarcello FV. Propagation of femtosecond pulses in large-mode-area, higher-order-mode fiber. Opt Lett 2006; 31:3191-3. [PMID: 17041678 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.003191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate propagation of 14 nJ femtosecond pulses through a large-mode-area, higher-order-mode (HOM) fiber with an effective area of 2100 microm2. The pulses propagate stably in the LP07 mode of the fiber through lengths as long as 12 m. The strongly chirped pulses exiting the amplifier fiber are dechirped by the high-order-mode fiber, resulting in pulses with a peak power of 61 kW after propagation in 5 m of the positive-dispersion fiber. A small amount of self-phase modulation is observed in the compressed pulses and is described well by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation model that takes into account the measured effective area and dispersion of the HOM fiber.
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Fini JM, Mermelstein MD, Yan MF, Bise RT, Yablon AD, Wisk PW, Andrejco MJ. Distributed suppression of stimulated Raman scattering in an Yb-doped filter-fiber amplifier. Opt Lett 2006; 31:2550-2. [PMID: 16902615 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is demonstrated in a cladding-pumped fiber amplifier. The Yb-doped amplifier fiber design incorporates a high-index ring that resonantly couples SRS wavelengths out of the gain material, thus filtering the gain. Modeling shows that fiber asymmetry plays an important role in the filtering spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fini
- OFS Laboratories, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA.
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17
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Ramachandran S, Ghalmi S, Nicholson JW, Yan MF, Wisk P, Monberg E, Dimarcello FV. Anomalous dispersion in a solid, silica-based fiber. Opt Lett 2006; 31:2532-4. [PMID: 16902609 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.002532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-solid (nonholey), silica-based fiber with anomalous dispersion at wavelengths where silica material dispersion is negative. This is achieved by exploiting the enhanced dispersion engineering capabilities of higher-order modes in a fiber, yielding + 60 ps/nm km dispersion at 1080 nm. By coupling to the desired higher-order mode with low-loss in-fiber gratings, we realize a 5 m long fiber module with a 300 fs/nm dispersion that yields a 1 dB bandwidth of 51 nm with an insertion loss of approximately 0.1 dB at the center wavelength of 1080 nm. We demonstrate its functionality as a critical enabler for an all-fiber, Yb-based, mode-locked femtosecond ring laser.
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Ramachandran S, Nicholson JW, Ghalmi S, Yan MF, Wisk P, Monberg E, Dimarcello FV. Light propagation with ultralarge modal areas in optical fibers. Opt Lett 2006; 31:1797-9. [PMID: 16729074 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate robust single-transverse-mode light propagation in higher-order modes of a fiber, with effective area A(eff) ranging from 2,100 to 3,200 microm(2). These modes are accessed using long-period fiber gratings that enable higher-order-mode excitation over a bandwidth of 94 mm with greater than 99% of the light in the desired mode. The fiber is designed such that the effective index separation between modes is always large, hence minimizing in-fiber mode mixing and enabling light propagation over lengths as large as 12 m, with bends down to 4.5 cm radii. The modal stability increases with mode order, suggesting that A(eff) of this platform is substantially scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramachandran
- OFS Laboratories, 25 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey 08873, USA.
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Ramachandran S, Yan MF, Jasapara J, Wisk P, Ghalmi S, Monberg E, Dimarcello FV. High-energy (nanojoule) femtosecond pulse delivery with record dispersion higher-order mode fiber. Opt Lett 2005; 30:3225-7. [PMID: 16342728 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.003225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of high peak-power femtosecond pulses with fibers is constrained by nonlinear distortions accumulated during pulse propagation. We address this problem with a novel, to our knowledge, fiber schematic, where the pulse propagates in a small Aeff (18 microm2) but highly dispersive (record value of approximately -900 ps/nm km) medium, enabled by transmission in the LP02 mode of a few-mode fiber. The novel fiber yields a low dispersion-to-nonlinear-length ratio (due to its large dispersion) despite its small Aeff, hence enabling mitigation of nonlinearities. This enables fiber delivery of distortion-free <150 fs, approximately 1 nJ, and 840 nm pulses--an order-of-magnitude improvement over single-mode fibers of similar Aeff.
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Ramachandran S, Golowich S, Yan MF, Monberg E, Dimarcello FV, Fleming J, Ghalmi S, Wisk P. Lifting polarization degeneracy of modes by fiber design: a platform for polarization-insensitive microbend fiber gratings. Opt Lett 2005; 30:2864-6. [PMID: 16279451 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.002864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polarization dependence in microbend gratings is an inherent problem, even in perfectly circular fibers, since antisymmetric modes are almost degenerate linear combinations of four distinct, polarization-sensitive modes. We demonstrate a novel fiber design that lifts polarization degeneracies of the antisymmetric modes to solve this problem. By intentionally exacerbating the polarization splittings, we achieve coupling to only the polarization-insensitive doublet, over wavelength ranges exceeding 100 nm, thus demonstrating a device with practical usable bandwidths. This allows all previous applications envisaged with UV-induced long-period gratings to be realized with the significantly lower-cost microbend technology platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramachandran
- OFS Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA.
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Kim K, Washburn BR, Wilpers G, Oates CW, Hollberg L, Newbury NR, Diddams SA, Nicholson JW, Yan MF. Stabilized frequency comb with a self-referenced femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser. Opt Lett 2005; 30:932-4. [PMID: 15865403 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A frequency comb is generated with a Cr:forsterite femtosecond laser, spectrally broadened through a highly nonlinear optical fiber to span from 1.0 to 2.2 ,m, and stabilized using the f-to-2f self-referencing technique. The repetition rate and the carrier-envelope offset frequency are stabilized to a hydrogen maser, calibrated by a cesium atomic fountain clock. Simultaneous frequency measurement of a 657-nm cw laser by use of the stabilized frequency combs from this Cr:forsterite system and a Ti:sapphire laser agree at the 10(-13) level. The frequency noise of the comb components is observed at 1064, 1314, and 1550 nm by comparing the measured beat frequencies between cw lasers and the supercontinuum frequency combs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kim
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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Corwin KL, Thomann I, Dennis T, Fox RW, Swann W, Curtis EA, Oates CW, Wilpers G, Bartels A, Gilbert SL, Hollberg L, Newbury NR, Diddams SA, Nicholson JW, Yan MF. Absolute-frequency measurements with a stabilized near-infrared optical frequency comb from a Cr:forsterite laser. Opt Lett 2004; 29:397-399. [PMID: 14971765 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A frequency comb is generated with a chromium-doped forsterite femtosecond laser, spectrally broadened in a dispersion-shifted highly nonlinear fiber, and stabilized. The resultant evenly spaced comb of frequencies ranges from 1.1 to beyond 1.8 microm. The frequency comb was referenced simultaneously to the National Institute of Standards and Technology's optical frequency standard based on neutral calcium and to a hydrogen maser that is calibrated by a cesium atomic fountain clock. With this comb we measured two frequency references in the telecommunications band: one half of the frequency of the d/f crossover transition in 87Rb at 780 nm, and the methane v2 + 2v3 R(8) line at 1315 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Corwin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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Thomann I, Bartels A, Corwin KL, Newbury NR, Hollberg L, Diddams SA, Nicholson JW, Yan MF. 420-MHz Cr:forsterite femtosecond ring laser and continuum generation in the 1-2-micrometre range. Opt Lett 2003; 28:1368-1370. [PMID: 12906092 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a chromium-doped forsterite femtosecond ring laser that generates 30-fs pulses at a 420-MHz repetition rate with nearly 500 mW of average power. The compact solid-state design and broad spectral output make this laser attractive for telecommunications applications in the 1.3-1.5-micrometre region. Additional spectral broadening of the laser output in highly nonlinear optical fiber leads to octave-spanning spectra ranging from 1.06 to 2.17 micrometre. The octave is reached at a level of 18 dB below the peak. The underlying optical frequency comb can be linked to existing optical frequency standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Thomann
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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Nicholson JW, Yan MF, Wisk P, Fleming J, DiMarcello F, Monberg E, Yablon A, Jørgensen C, Veng T. All-fiber, octave-spanning supercontinuum. Opt Lett 2003; 28:643-645. [PMID: 12703927 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present an all-fiber supercontinuum source based on a passively mode-locked erbium fiber laser and a small-effective-area, germanium-doped silica fiber. The parallels between this system and the continuum generated in microstructured fibers with 800-nm pulses are discussed, and the role of dispersion is investigated experimentally. We construct a hybrid fiber by fusion splicing lengths of different-dispersion fiber together, generating more than an octave of bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Nicholson
- OFS Labs, 600-700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, USA.
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Shi YQ, Li ZJ, Ma KR, Cheng JX, Yan MF, Wang SR, Jiang ZJ, Duan JH, Wang ZG. [Radioimmunoassay of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1986; 8:310-2. [PMID: 2953482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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