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Martinez MM, Armenta BE. Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms Among North American Indigenous Adolescents: Considering Predictors and Outcomes. Child Dev 2020; 91:932-948. [PMID: 31364166 PMCID: PMC6992502 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We identified developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms among 674 Indigenous adolescents (Mage = 11.10, SD = 0.83 years) progressing from early to late adolescence. Four depressive symptoms trajectories were identified: (a) sustained low, (b) initially low but increasing, (c) initially high but decreasing, and (d) sustained high levels of depressive symptoms. Trajectory group membership varied as a function of gender, pubertal development, caregiver major depression, and perceived discrimination. Moreover, participants in the different trajectory groups were at differential risk for the development of an alcohol use disorder. These results highlight the benefit of examining the development of depressive symptoms and the unique ways that depressive symptoms develop among North American Indigenous youth as they progress through adolescence.
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Davis AN, Carlo G, Schwartz SJ, Unger JB, Zamboanga BL, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Cano MÁ, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Oshri A, Streit C, Martinez MM, Piña-Watson B, Lizzi K, Soto D. The Longitudinal Associations Between Discrimination, Depressive Symptoms, and Prosocial Behaviors in U.S. Latino/a Recent Immigrant Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 45:457-70. [PMID: 26597783 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The links between discrimination and adjustment in U.S. Latino/a immigrant adolescents is an important but understudied phenomenon. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations (across 1 year) among discrimination, prosocial behaviors, and depressive symptoms in U.S. Latino immigrant adolescents using two competing models: associations between discrimination and prosocial behaviors via depressive symptoms (mental health strain model), and associations between discrimination and depressive symptoms via prosocial behaviors (prosociality strain model). Participants were 302 Latino/a recent immigrant adolescents (53.3 % boys, M age = 14.51 years at Time 1, SD = .88 years) who completed measures of discrimination, depressive symptoms, and prosocial behaviors at 6-month intervals. The results provided support for both proposed models. The discussion examines the importance of prosocial behaviors in understanding adjustment and effects of discrimination among recently immigrated U.S. Latino adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- University of Missouri, 410 Gentry Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, 10th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Institute for Prevention Research (IPR), University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto Street, 3rd Floor, MC 9239, SSB 302P, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Cano
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street AHC 5-488, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | | | - Assaf Oshri
- University of Georgia, 208 Family Science Center, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Cara Streit
- University of Missouri, 314 Gentry Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | | | - Brandy Piña-Watson
- Texas Tech University, MS 2051 Psychological Sciences Building, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2051, USA
| | - Karina Lizzi
- InVentiv Health Clinical, 504 Carnegie Center, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Daniel Soto
- Krek School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Shuster MJ, Vaish A, Cao HH, Guttentag AI, McManigle JE, Gibb AL, Martinez-Rivera M, Martinez MM, Nezarati RM, Hinds JM, Liao WS, Weiss PS, Andrews AM. Patterning small-molecule biocapture surfaces: microcontact insertion printing vs. photolithography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10641-3. [PMID: 21874174 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical patterns prepared by self-assembly, combined with soft lithography or photolithography, are directly compared. Pattern fidelity can be controlled in both cases but patterning at the low densities necessary for small-molecule probe capture of large biomolecule targets is better accomplished using microcontact insertion printing (μCIP). Surfaces patterned by μCIP are used to capture biomolecule binding partners for the small molecules dopamine and biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Shuster
- Center for Nanoscale Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Menon AS, Moffett S, Enriquez M, Martinez MM, Dev P, Grappone T. Audience response made easy: using personal digital assistants as a classroom polling tool. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2004; 11:217-20. [PMID: 14764615 PMCID: PMC400520 DOI: 10.1197/jamia.m1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Both teachers and students benefit from an interactive classroom. The teacher receives valuable input about effectiveness, student interest, and comprehension, whereas student participation, active learning, and enjoyment of the class are enhanced. Cost and deployment have limited the use of existing audience response systems, allowing anonymous linking of teachers and students in the classroom. These limitations can be circumvented, however, by use of personal digital assistants (PDAs), which are cheaper and widely used by students. In this study, the authors equipped a summer histology class of 12 students with PDAs and wireless Bluetooth cards to allow access to a central server. Teachers displayed questions in multiple-choice format as a Web page on the server and students responded with their PDAs, a process referred to as polling. Responses were immediately compiled, analyzed, and displayed. End-of-class survey results indicated that students were enthusiastic about the polling tool. The surveys also provided technical feedback that will be valuable in streamlining future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil S Menon
- Office of Information Resources and Technology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
SUMMARY
When locomoting in water, animals experience hydrodynamic forces due to ambient water motion and their own motion through the water. Because an aquatic pedestrian must maintain contact with the substratum to locomote, hydrodynamic forces which can dislodge an animal have the capacity to constrain the postures, gaits and speeds an animal can use. This study measured hydrodynamic forces on the amphibious shore crab Grapsus tenuicrustatus in aquatic and terrestrial postures. The crabs’ locomotory speeds and ambient water velocities in their habitat were considered in predicting the conditions under which a crab is likely to overturn or wash away. A non-moving crab can withstand 200% faster flow in the aquatic posture than in the terrestrial posture. A crab using the terrestrial posture while locomoting through still water experiences 132% greater drag and 17% greater acceleration reaction forces than it does in the aquatic posture. Due to the lower hydrodynamic forces in the aquatic posture, a crab could locomote up to 50% more quickly or through a faster water flow environment than it could in the terrestrial posture. In faster flow environments like wave-swept rocky shores, a crab in either posture would have to actively grasp the substratum to keep from being dislodged, preventing it from using a punting gait. In slower flow environments, animals can locomote faster and take advantage of different gaits that are not available to them in faster flow environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Martinez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 94720, USA.
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Martinez MM, Full RJ, Koehl MA. Underwater punting by an intertidal crab: a novel gait revealed by the kinematics of pedestrian locomotion in air versus water. J Exp Biol 1998; 201 (Pt 18):2609-23. [PMID: 9716513 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.201.18.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As an animal moves from air to water, its effective weight is substantially reduced by buoyancy while the fluid-dynamic forces (e. g. lift and drag) are increased 800-fold. The changes in the magnitude of these forces are likely to have substantial consequences for locomotion as well as for resistance to being overturned. We began our investigation of aquatic pedestrian locomotion by quantifying the kinematics of crabs at slow speeds where buoyant forces are more important relative to fluid-dynamic forces. At these slow speeds, we used reduced-gravity models of terrestrial locomotion to predict trends in the kinematics of aquatic pedestrian locomotion. Using these models, we expected animals in water to use running gaits even at slow speeds. We hypothesized that aquatic pedestrians would (1) use lower duty factors and longer periods with no ground contact, (2) demonstrate more variable kinematics and (3) adopt wider stances for increased horizontal stability against fluid-dynamic forces than animals moving at the same speed on land. We tested these predictions by measuring the three-dimensional kinematics of intertidal rock crabs (Grapsus tenuicrustatus) locomoting through water and air at the same velocity (9 cm s-1) over a flat substratum. As predicted from reduced-gravity models of running, crabs moving under water showed decreased leg contact times and duty factors relative to locomotion on land. In water, the legs cycled intermittently, fewer legs were in contact with the substratum and leg kinematics were much more variable than on land. The width of the crab's stance was 19 % greater in water than in air, thereby increasing stability against overturning by hydrodynamic forces. Rather than an alternating tetrapod or metachronal wave gait, crabs in water used a novel gait we termed 'underwater punting', characterized by alternating phases of generating thrust against the substratum and gliding through the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- MM Martinez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Hoehe MR, Otterud B, Hsieh WT, Martinez MM, Stauffer D, Holik J, Berrettini WH, Byerley WF, Gershon ES, Lalouel JM. Genetic mapping of adrenergic receptor genes in humans. J Mol Med (Berl) 1995; 73:299-306. [PMID: 7583452 DOI: 10.1007/bf00231616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have genetically mapped the genes encoding four human adrenergic receptors (ARs) of subtypes alpha 1C, alpha 2A, alpha 2B, and beta 1, which are prototypic G protein coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. We placed these genes onto the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) and Genethon framework maps, within confidence intervals with greater than 1000:1 odds. With multipoint analysis the alpha 1C gene (locus ADRA1C) mapped to the interval between NEFL and D8S283; alpha 2-C4, the gene encoding the alpha 2C AR (locus ADRA2C), mapped to the interval between D4S126 and D4S62; and the alpha 2-C10 (alpha 2A AR)/beta 1 haplotype (loci ADRA2A/ADRB1) mapped to the interval between D10S259 and D10S187. A fifth AR gene, beta 2, yielded significant LOD scores with markers on the long arm of chromosome 5; however, this locus (ADRB2) could not be mapped to any specific interval with odds of greater than 1000:1. The two AR genes that are completely linked, alpha 2-C10 and beta 1, were oriented on their shared 225-kb genomic fragment relative to the direction of transcription, with beta 1 being 5' to alpha 2-C10. The positioning of these genes on high-density framework maps allows them to be tested as candidates in a spectrum of diseases that might involve AR dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hoehe
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
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Demenais FM, Martinez MM, Laing AE. Regressive logistic models in linkage analysis of the cutaneous malignant melanoma-dysplastic nevus syndrome. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1992; 59:191-3. [PMID: 1737497 DOI: 10.1159/000133242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Demenais
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C
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Hoehe MR, Caenazzo L, Martinez MM, Hsieh WT, Modi WS, Gershon ES, Bonner TI. Genetic and physical mapping of the human cannabinoid receptor gene to chromosome 6q14-q15. New Biol 1991; 3:880-5. [PMID: 1931832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a G protein-coupled receptor that appears to mediate the behavioral effects of cannabinoids, the psychoactive ingredients of marijuana, has recently been cloned from rat cerebral cortex and expressed. We have now determined the genomic location of the human cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR) by a combination of genetic linkage mapping and chromosomal in situ hybridization. The segregation pattern of a CNR DNA polymorphism was analyzed in 508 individuals from two or three generations of 40 families. Linkage of CNR to chromosome 6 centromeric loci and to DNA markers on the long and short arms was detected. CNR was tightly linked to D6S27, which is known to be located at 6q (log10 odds ratio [lod score, Zmax] of 10.54 at a recombination fraction [theta] of 0.02). Close linkage was suggested between CNR and CGA, the locus for the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (Zmax = 2.71 at theta = 0). Moreover, CNR was linked to the two markers 308/BamHI (theta = 0.14) and 308/TaqI (theta = 0.20) defining locus D6Z1, an extended, highly repetitive, and highly conserved sequence localized exclusively to centromeres of all chromosomes and enriched on chromosome 6. In situ hybridization using a biotinylated cosmid probe localizes the gene to 6q14-q15, thereby confirming the linkage analysis and defining a precise alignment of the genetic and cytogenetic maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hoehe
- Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Abstract
Broadly there are three alternative sampling strategies for linkage studies of complex disorders such as schizophrenia. These are to select either affected sib pairs (and their parents) or small-to-medium-size pedigrees, or large pedigrees. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. Our studies show that, even in the presence of heterogeneity, linkage can be found in clinically realistic sample sizes of nuclear families or medium-sized pedigrees. However, relying on affected sib pair methods in less satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Goldin
- Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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11
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Gejman PV, Detera-Wadleigh S, Martinez MM, Berrettini WH, Goldin LR, Gelernter J, Hsieh WT, Gershon ES. Manic depressive illness not linked to factor IX region in an independent series of pedigrees. Genomics 1990; 8:648-55. [PMID: 1980485 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90251-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied seven informative kindreds segregating for manic depressive illness (MDI), consistent with X-chromosome transmission of the trait (families do not show affective disease in both a father and a son), using markers mapped to the region of Xq27-Xq28. The lod scores were consistently below -2 in the region extending from about 10 cM centromeric from the Factor IX locus (F9) to the colorblindness region. This study does not replicate previous reports of linkage of MDI to Factor IX (Xq27) and colorblindness region (Xq28) chromosomal markers in other kindreds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Gejman
- Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Espada M, Pedregal C, Alonso A, López C, Salazar L, Martinez MM, Guillén JL, Martinez AR. N3-arylspiroimidazolidine-2,4-diones N3-arylspiroimidazolidine-2-thio-4-ones and 4-hydroxy derivatives. Synthesis and anthelmintic activity. Farmaco 1990; 45:1237-43. [PMID: 2088366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new N3-arylciclohexanespiroimidazolidine-2,4-diones, N3-arylciclohexanespiroimidazolidine-2-tio-4-ones and the 4-hydroxy derivatives is described and their structures discussed on the basis of I.R. and 1H-N.R.M. data. The anthelmintic activity of these compounds was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Espada
- Dpto. de Quimica Orgánica y Farmacéuticia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
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Martinez MM, Goldin LR. The detection of linkage and heterogeneity in nuclear families for complex disorders: one versus two marker loci. Am J Hum Genet 1989; 44:552-9. [PMID: 2929598 PMCID: PMC1715576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Using exact expected likelihoods, we have computed the average number of phase-unknown nuclear families needed to detect linkage and heterogeneity. We have examined the case of both dominant and recessive inheritance with reduced penetrance and phenocopies. Most of our calculations have been carried out under the assumption that 50% of families are linked to a marker locus. We have varied both the number of offspring per family and the sampling scheme. We have also investigated the increased power when the disease locus is midway between two marker loci 10 cM apart. For recessive inheritance, both linkage and heterogeneity can be detected in clinically feasible sample sizes. For dominant inheritance, linkage can be detected but heterogeneity cannot be detected unless larger sibships (four offspring) are sampled or two linked markers are available. As expected, if penetrance is reduced, sampling families with all sibs affected is most efficient. Our results provide a basis for estimating the amount of resources needed to find genes for complex disorders under conditions of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Martinez
- Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Zvaifler NJ, Martinez MM. Antinuclear factors and chronic articular inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 1971; 8:271-8. [PMID: 4929777 PMCID: PMC1712952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antinuclear antibodies were looked for in the leucocytes from synovial effusions of subjects with inflammatory arthritis. Antinuclear antibodies were found concentrated in the lysates of synovial fluid leucocytes from five of seven effusions of adults with rheumatoid arthritis, and in low titres from a patient with Reiter's syndrome. In three subjects the antinuclear antibody was detected in cell lysates when it was not demonstrable in the corresponding synovial fluid. These findings are interpreted as evidence that antinuclear antibodies play a role in articular inflammation.
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