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Roses M, Bonvehí PE. Vaccines in adults. Medicina (B Aires) 2019; 79:552-558. [PMID: 31864225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of adult population has increased globally and the current projections indicate that, by 2050, the group of 60 years and older will represent 21.1%. There are now vaccines exclusively designed for adults and others that are applied in early life but need to be updated later in life. Vaccines for adults are not only based on their respective age group but are also linked to risk factors like occupation, life style, health situation, among others. At the same time, longevity brings with it a weakening of the immune response to vaccines, a process known as immunosenescence representing an increasing challenge to adequately protect this age group. For some time, WHO has been promoting the term "Vaccination through the life course" allowing for an extension of the vaccination vision and taking adults as an integral part into the national vaccination programs and calendars. There are several vaccine preventable diseases affecting adults, but those associated with influenza virus and pneumococcus are the ones that affect the largest age group. Several recommendations include, additionally, others to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis A and B, meningococcus, chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps, herpes zoster, human papilloma virus and others. There are still many challenges to overcome in order to fully include adults, particularly health personnel, and to make vaccines extensively valued as a prevention tool in order to achieve a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Roses
- Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
| | - Pablo E Bonvehí
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kim Andrus J, Sankar Bandyopadhyay A, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Dietz V, Domingues C, J Peter F, Leila PG, Hinman A, Roses M, Ruiz Matus C, Ignácio Santos J, Were F. The past, present, and future of immunization in the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e121. [PMID: 31384257 PMCID: PMC6645178 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Kim Andrus
- Adjoint Professor and Director of the Division of Vaccines and Immunization Center for Global Health, University of Colorado Colorado United States Adjoint Professor and Director of the Division of Vaccines and Immunization, Center for Global Health, University of Colorado, Colorado, United States
| | - Ananda Sankar Bandyopadhyay
- Senior Program Officer Polio, Global Development, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle United States Senior Program Officer, Polio, Global Development, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, United States
| | - M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
- Scientist, Global Immunization Monitoring and Surveillance Group World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Scientist, Global Immunization Monitoring and Surveillance Group, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vance Dietz
- Immunization Services Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta United States Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Carla Domingues
- Coordenadora Geral do Programa Nacional de Imunizações Coordenadora Geral do Programa Nacional de Imunizações Brasilia Brazil Coordenadora Geral do Programa Nacional de Imunizações, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Figueroa J Peter
- TAG Chair, Professor of Public Health, Epidemiology & HIV/AIDS University of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica TAG Chair, Professor of Public Health, Epidemiology & HIV/AIDS, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Posenato Garcia Leila
- Secretariat of Health Surveillance Brazilian Ministry of Health Brasília Brazil Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alan Hinman
- Consulting Senior Advisor, Center for Vaccines Equity Task Force for Global Health Decatur United States Consulting Senior Advisor, Center for Vaccines Equity, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, United States
| | - Mirta Roses
- Directora Emérita, Organización Panamericana de la Salud Directora Emérita, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Buenos Aires Argentina Directora Emérita, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cuauhtémoc Ruiz Matus
- Unit chief, Family Immunization Unit,, Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States Unit chief, Family Immunization Unit,, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - Jose Ignácio Santos
- Profesor, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de México Profesor, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico Profesor, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fred Were
- Dean, School of Medicine University of Nairobi Kenyatta National Hospital Campus, Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Dean, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi Kenyatta National Hospital Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
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Zanatta LF, Grein MI, Álvarez-Dardet C, Moraes SPD, Brêtas JRDS, Ruiz-Cantero MT, Roses M. Igualdade de gênero: por que o Brasil vive retrocessos? CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e00089616. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00089616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fabiano Zanatta
- Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Piedade de Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Coordenadoria de Programas Educacionais de Guarulhos, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mirta Roses
- Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Reiff FM, Roses M, Venczel L, Quick R, Witt VM. Low-cost safe water for the world: a practical interim solution. J Public Health Policy 1996; 17:389-408. [PMID: 9009536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A very large segment of the world's population is without a microbiologically safe water supply. It is estimated that in Latin America more than 40% of the population is utilizing water of dubious quality for human consumption. This figure is probably even higher in Africa and areas of southeast Asia. Water used for drinking and food preparation can be an important route of transmission for many of the most widespread and debilitating of the diseases that afflict humans. The cholera pandemic which struck Latin America in January 1991, and has become endemic in many of the countries, continues to exemplify the public health significance of contaminated drinking water. Ideally, this neglected segment of the world's population should be served with piped water systems that provide a continuous supply of microbiologically safe water, but this would require such enormous investments of financial and human resources that it is not reasonable to expect that it will be accomplished. Interim practical measures to assure microbiologically safe water are necessary. The public health intervention to accomplish this is described in this paper and has an annual per family cost of which ranges between $1.50 and $4. It consists of providing individual households with one or preferably two suitable water containers in which to disinfect and store the essential quantities of water that need to be free of pathogens, with the containers of a design that will preclude recontamination of the contents and enable the production and distribution of the water disinfectants to be managed at the local level. It includes the necessary component of public education, promotion and involvement to establish the sustainability of the measures as a community-based endeavor. Investigation and demonstration projects are being carried out in II countries to determine and perfect and appropriate intervention, and it has been proven that it is economically, technically and socially feasible to assure microbiologically safe water for the world's population that is threatened by waterborne diseases. Carefully controlled microbiological analysis of the untreated and treated water shows that waterborne pathogens can be destroyed or inactivated, and carefully controlled epidemiological studies being carried out by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that this intervention achieves considerable reduction in the incidence of water borne disease. It is recommended that all developing countries initiate programs to replicate the health measure described in this paper in order to test its validity and to adapt it to their local conditions.
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