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Asadi G, Feizollahi P, Rajabinejad M, Falahi S, Rezaei Varmaziar F, Faryadi E, Gorgin Karaji A, Salari F, Rezaiemanesh A. Comparison of the efficacy of combined budesonide and fexofenadine versus combined fluticasone propionate and fexofenadine on the expression of class-4 semaphorins and their receptors in the peripheral blood cells of patients with allergic rhinitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22924. [PMID: 38148815 PMCID: PMC10750067 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated disease. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression levels of class 4 semaphorins and their receptors in AR patients before and after treatment with budesonide and fexofenadine (B/F) compared to fluticasone propionate and fexofenadine (FP/F). Methods In this study, 29 AR patients (age 34.4 ± 1.2 years, 18 men and 11 women) were treated with B/F, and 24 AR patients (age 32.8 ± 1.9 years, 15 men and 9 women) were treated with FP/F for one month. Before and after treatment, peripheral blood samples were taken from patients. The expression levels of SEMA4A, SEMA4C, SEMA4D, Plexin-B2, and Plexin-D1 genes were measured using the qPCR method. In addition, the serum levels of IgE were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression levels of SEMA4A (P = 0.011), 4C (P = 0.017), Plexin-B2 (P = 0.0005), and Plexin-D1 (P = 0.008) remarkably increased in AR patients treated with B/F. Our results show a significant reduction in the gene expression levels of SEMA4A (P = 0.002), 4C (P = 0.014), 4D (P = 0.003), Plexin-B2 (P = 0.033), and Plexin-D1 (P = 0.035) after treatment with FP/F. The serum levels of IgE increased in FP/F treated group (P = 0.017) and conversely decreased in the treated group with B/F (P = 0.019). Moreover, the percentages of eosinophils were reduced in both FP/F and B/F groups (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, concomitant use of fexofenadine and fluticasone propionate reduced SEMA4A, 4C, 4D, Plexin-B2, and Plexin-D1, while the SEMA4A, 4C, Plexin-B2, and Plexin-D1 gene expression levels were increased in the patient group treated with B/F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelayol Asadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Feizollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sara Falahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei Varmaziar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Faryadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Zafari P, Taghadosi M, Faramarzi F, Rajabinejad M, Rafiei A. Dimethyl Fumarate Inhibits Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes-mediated Inflammation and Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2023; 46:612-622. [PMID: 36253500 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a chronic inflammatory disorder affects around 1% of the world population. Fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS), one of the main cells in RA pathogenesis is characterized by hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis resulting to synovial hyperplasia. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been licensed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis; however, its role in RA is unknown. DMF has immunomodulatory properties and may be considered as therapeutic approach in RA treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of DMF on controlling FLS-mediated synovial inflammation and joint destruction in RA. FLSs were isolated from synovial tissues of 8 patients with RA and treated with DMF. Apoptosis rate was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC. Cell proliferation was measured by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye. The matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and NF-кB pathway protein (p65) mRNA expression were evaluated by RT-PCR. Also, the IL-6 production and lactate release were measured in FLS supernatant. DMF treatment decreased the cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. DMF-treated FLS showed a reduction in IL-6 and lactate release. Moreover, it was revealed that DMF inhibited the expression of p65 and MMP3. Our data demonstrate that DMF treatment suppresses the aggressive and inflammatory features of RA FLSs. Our Results suggest that DMF might be expected to be evaluated as a therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Zafari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Faramarzi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Hassani SS, Karamali N, Rajabinejad M, Ashjari D, Afshar Hezarkhani L, Gorgin Karaji A, Salari F, Rezaiemanesh A. Dysregulation of Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1/miR-199a-5/BiP Axis in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy. Lab Med 2023; 54:160-165. [PMID: 36166353 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a type of nerve damage and the most common complication of diabetes. Regarding the association between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with the pathogenesis of neuropathy, this study aims to examine binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) gene expression and long noncoding RNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), miR-199a-5 as its regulator in the peripheral blood of DN patients compared to diabetic patients without neuropathy. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from DN (n = 20) patients and diabetic patients without neuropathy (non-DN) (n = 20). After RNA extraction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate RNA expression. RESULTS The results showed that the expression level of NEAT1 and BiP genes in the DN group increased significantly compared to the non-DN group. Also, the expression level of miR-199a-5p in the DN group was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION As a result, the axis of NEAT1, miR-199a-5p, and BiP may have a role in the DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sara Hassani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Karamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Donya Ashjari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar Hezarkhani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Assadiasl S, Rajabinejad M, Soleimanifar N, Makiyan F, Azizi E, Rezaiemanesh A, Nicknam MH. MicroRNAs-mediated regulation pathways in rheumatic diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:129-144. [PMID: 36469219 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are two common rheumatic disorders marked by persistent inflammatory joint disease. Patients with RA have osteodestructive symptoms, but those with AS have osteoproliferative manifestations. Ligaments, joints, tendons, bones, and muscles are all affected by rheumatic disorders. In recent years, many epigenetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid disorders have been studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules implicated as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers in rheumatic diseases. MiRNAs play a critical role in the modulation of bone homeostasis and joint remodeling by controlling fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Several miRNAs have been shown to be dysregulated in rheumatic diseases, including miR-10a, 16, 17, 18a, 19, 20a, 21, 27a, 29a, 34a, 103a, 125b, 132, 137, 143, 145, 146a, 155, 192, 203, 221, 222, 301a, 346, and 548a.The major molecular pathways governed by miRNAs in these cells are Wnt, bone-morphogenic protein (BMP), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor pathway. This review aimed to provide an overview of the most important signaling pathways controlled by miRNAs in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Narjes Soleimanifar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Makiyan
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Azizi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Shahid Shiroudi Boulevard, PO-Box: 6714869914, Bākhtarān, Iran.
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Azadeh H, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Rezaiemanesh A, Rajabinejad M. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:435-451. [PMID: 35188599 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by immune system dysregulation and inflammation in the joints. Interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors are new biological drugs used to treat AS. In this study, we aimed to assess the risk of immune system-related AEs due to targeting IL-17 or IL-17R. METHODS The CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials Registry, and ICTRP were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs until February 2021. The risk of irAEs in patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors compared to the placebo or a drug-free control was evaluated. In studies that reported AEs of the IL-17 inhibitors at several different time points, we compared the number of cases/100 patient-year in which irAEs were reported. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on the dose and type of drugs. RESULTS Thirteen studies of 1848 AS patients treated by IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab, bimekizumab, and netakimab) and 764 participants who received a placebo were included. The risk of some AEs related to immune function in patients under IL-17 inhibitors treatment was significantly higher than that of the placebo group, including infection and infestation (risk difference RD = 0.09, P = 0.02), nasopharyngitis (RD = 0.04, P < 0.001), opportunistic infections (RD = 0.01, P = 0.04), and neutropenia (RD = 0.04, P = 0.03). Besides, the results of the Cochran Q test showed that there were significant differences between the occurrence of some AEs over time, including infection and infestations (p < 0.001, RCTs), upper respiratory tract infections (p < 0.001, non-RCTs), urinary tract infections (p < 0.001, non-RCTs), and diarrhea (p < 0.01, RCTs). CONCLUSIONS The most common immune system-related AEs in patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors are mucosal and opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 18 km khazarabad, Sari, Iran.
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6
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Rajabinejad M, Asadi G, Ranjbar S, Varmaziar FR, Karimi M, Salari F, Karaji AG, Rezaiemanesh A, Hezarkhani LA. The MALAT1-H19/miR-19b-3p axis can be a fingerprint for diabetic neuropathy. Immunol Lett 2022; 245:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ashjari D, Karamali N, Rajabinejad M, Hassani SS, Afshar Hezarkhani L, Afshari D, Gorgin Karaji A, Salari F, Rezaiemanesh A. The axis of long non-coding RNA MALAT1/miR-1-3p/CXCR4 is dysregulated in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09178. [PMID: 35368523 PMCID: PMC8969120 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by pain and inflammation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with DN. This study aimed to investigate transcript levels of Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), microRNA (miR)-1-3p, and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in the DN patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases without neuropathy. Methods Here, 20 cases with DN and 20 T2DM subjects without neuropathy (as the control group) were included. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all participants. The expression levels of targets were evaluated by Real-time-PCR. Results Results showed that MALAT1 (Fold change = 2.47, P = 0.03) and CXCR4 (Fold change = 1.65, P = 0.023) were significantly upregulated, while miR-1-3p was downregulated (Fold change = 0.9, P = 0.028) in whole blood samples from DN patients compared to the control group. A significant correlation was found between transcript levels of MALAT1 and CXCR4 (rho = 0.84; P < 0.0001). Conclusions This study suggests a possible involvement of the MALAT1/miR-1-3p/CXCR4 axis in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Ashjari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Karamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Hassani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar Hezarkhani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Daryoush Afshari
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rezaiemanesh A, Mahmoudi M, Amirzargar AA, Vojdanian M, Babaie F, Mahdavi J, Rajabinejad M, Jamshidi AR, Nicknam MH. Upregulation of Unfolded Protein Response and ER Stress-Related IL-23 Production in M1 Macrophages from Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients. Inflammation 2022; 45:665-676. [PMID: 35112266 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but with an unknown regulatory mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy pathway in the expression of IL-23 in peripheral blood-derived macrophages in AS patients. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 15 AS and 15 healthy control subjects. MACS was used to isolate monocytes from PBMCs. Then, M-CSF was used to differentiate monocytes to M2 macrophages. IFN-γ and/or LPS were used to activate macrophages and M2 polarization towards M1 macrophages. Thapsigargin was used to induce ER stress and 3-MA to inhibit autophagy. The purity of extracted monocytes and macrophage markers was evaluated by flow cytometry. mRNA expression of HLA-B and-B27, ER stress-related genes, autophagy-related genes, and IL-23p19 was performed using RT-qPCR. Soluble levels of IL-23p19 were measured using ELISA. Significant increase in mRNA expression of HLA-B, HLA-B27, BiP, XBP1, CHOP, and PERK mRNAs was observed in macrophages of AS patients before and after stimulation with IFN-γ and LPS. No significant change in autophagy gene expression was detected. mRNA and soluble levels of IL-23p19 demonstrated a significant increase in macrophages of AS patients compared to healthy subjects. ER stress induction led to a significant increase in IL-23p19 in macrophages. Inhibition of autophagy did not affect IL-23 expression. ER stress, unlike autophagy, is associated with increased IL-23 levels in macrophages of AS patients.Key Messages ER stress in macrophages from AS patients plays a role in the increased production of IL-23. The autophagy pathway is not involved in the modulation of IL-23 production by AS macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vojdanian
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jila Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Sellegounder D, Zafari P, Rajabinejad M, Taghadosi M, Kapahi P. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptor, RAGE, modulate age-dependent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. A review and hypothesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107806. [PMID: 34352471 PMCID: PMC8141786 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2, is often more severe in older adults. Besides age, other underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and malignancies, which are also associated with aging, have been considered risk factors for COVID-19 mortality. A rapidly expanding body of evidence has brought up various scenarios for these observations and hyperinflammatory reactions associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) generated upon glycation of proteins, DNA, or lipids play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases and all of the above-mentioned COVID-19 risk factors. Interestingly, the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is mainly expressed by type 2 epithelial cells in the alveolar sac, which has a critical role in SARS-CoV-2-associated hyper inflammation and lung injury. Here we discuss our hypothesis that AGEs, through their interaction with RAGE amongst other molecules, modulates COVID-19 pathogenesis and related comorbidities, especially in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durai Sellegounder
- (BuckInstitute for Researchon Aging), (Novato), (CA 94945), (United States)
| | - Parisa Zafari
- (Departmentof Immunology), (School of Medicine), (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), (Sari), (Iran)
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- (Departmentof Immunology), (School of Medicine), (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), (Sari), (Iran); (StudentResearch Committee), (Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences), (Iran)
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- (Departmentof Immunology), (School of Medicine), (Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences), (Kermanshah), (Iran).
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- (BuckInstitute for Researchon Aging), (Novato), (CA 94945), (United States).
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10
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Asadi G, Rezaei Varmaziar F, Karimi M, Rajabinejad M, Ranjbar S, Gorgin Karaji A, Salari F, Afshar Hezarkhani L, Rezaiemanesh A. Determination of the transcriptional level of long non-coding RNA NEAT-1, downstream target microRNAs, and genes targeted by microRNAs in diabetic neuropathy patients. Immunol Lett 2021; 232:20-26. [PMID: 33508370 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes that leads to peripheral sensorimotor and autonomic nervous system damages. In this study, we first examined the expression of lncRNA NEAT-1 and its downstream microRNAs, miR-183-5p, miR-433-3p, and then examined mRNA expression of ITGA4, ITGB1, SESN1, and SESN3 as the downstream targets of miR-183-5p, miR-433-3p. METHODS The blood sample was obtained from a total of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes (20 DN patients and 20 non-DN diabetic cases) and ten healthy individuals. After RNA extraction from peripheral blood samples and cDNA synthesis, expression measurements were performed by the RT-qPCR technique. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression level of lncRNA NEAT-1 was significantly higher, and the expression level of miR-183-5p was significantly lower in DN patients compared to the healthy control group. Besides, the expression level of miR-433-3p was significantly lower, and the mRNA expression of ITGA4, SESN1, and SESN3 was significantly higher in DN patients compared to the diabetes group. The ROC curve analysis showed that the miR-183-5p with high levels of accuracy could discriminate DN patients from healthy control (AUC = 0.836) and NEAT-1, SESN1, SESN3, ITGA4 have a high ability to distinguish DN from non-DN patients (AUC = 0.701, 0.772, 0.815 and 0.780, respectively). CONCLUSION It seems that the NEAT-1 probably targets miR-183-5p and miR-433-3p, as a result of which the expression of ITGA4, SESN1, and SESN3 is affected. Dysregulated expression of NEAT-1 and related miRNAs and genes might be involved in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelayol Asadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei Varmaziar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Karimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar Hezarkhani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani S, Zafari P, Masoumi E, Rajabinejad M, Jafari-Shakib R, Hasani B, Rafiei A. The role of dysregulated immune responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Virus Res 2020; 290:198197. [PMID: 33069815 PMCID: PMC7561578 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic threat to global public health. It has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from mild to critical illness, the most serious of which is the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection appears mild in infants and children, however, in adults, it can lead to serious consequences. In this review, we highlighted the differences between the immune responses of the lung in children and adults, immune dysregulation and their possible role in clinical manifestations in COVID-19. There is a reduction in population of immunocompetent cells during aging and subsequently induced ineffective inflammation in the faces of some infections. Dysregulation in the immune system can lead to an unappropriated local and systemic immune responses and subsequently the rapid spread of the virus, leading to severe COVID-19 disease. Therefore, recognizing the differences in the immune responses of various hosts as well as to improve the immune system disorder should always be part of research and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - P Zafari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - E Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - R Jafari-Shakib
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - B Hasani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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12
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Rajabinejad M, Asadi G, Ranjbar S, Afshar Hezarkhani L, Salari F, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. Semaphorin 4A, 4C, and 4D: Function comparison in the autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Gene 2020; 746:144637. [PMID: 32244055 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are a group of proteins that are divided into eight subclasses and identified by a conserved Sema domain on their carboxyl terminus. Sema4A, 4C, and 4D are the members of the fourth class of semaphorin family, which are known as membrane semaphorins; however, these molecules can be altered to soluble semaphorins by proteolytic cleavage. Semaphorins have various roles in the immune, nervous, and metabolic systems. In the immune system, these molecules contribute to the formation of cellular, humoral, and innate immune responses, such as inflammation, leukocyte migration, immunological synapse formation, and germinal center events. Given the diverse roles of semaphorins in the immune system, in this review, we have tried to give a comprehensive look at the role of these molecules in autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Sema4D and 4A seem to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. In contrast, it has been shown that Sema4A and 4C have beneficial effects on allergies, and their absence can exacerbate the severity of the disease. In the case of cancer, an increase in all three of these molecules has been reported. Sema4D and 4C can contribute to tumor progression in human patients or experimental models, while the role of Sema4A has not yet been fully understood. In conclusion, semaphorins seem to be a favorable therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases and allergies. However, in cancer, studies have not yet been able to identify the exact role of semaphorins, and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelayol Asadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar Hezarkhani
- Department of Neurology, Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Rajabinejad M, Salari F, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis; anti- or pro-inflammatory cells? Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2020; 47:4149-4158. [PMID: 31698956 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1687504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of the immature myeloid cells that are derived from the myeloid progenitors with immunosuppressive functions. MDSCs are accumulated in the inflammatory sites during some autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Some research has shown the anti-inflammatory role of MDSCs during the RA progression and supports the hypothesis that MDSCs can be a potential treatment option for autoimmunity with their immunosuppressive activity. In contrast, some papers have reported the opposite effects of MDSCs, and support the hypothesis that MDSCs have a pro-inflammatory role in autoimmune disease. MDSCs functions in RA have not been fully understood, and some controversies, as well as many unanswered questions, remain. Although the two well-known subgroups of MDSCs, M-MDSC, and PMN-MDSC, seem to have different suppressive functions and regulate the immune system responses in a different manner; some studies have shown these cells are converted to each other and even to other cells under different pathological conditions. This review summarises some of the latest papers with respect to the MDSCs functions and discusses the relationship between MDSCs and inflammation in the context of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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14
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Rajabinejad M, Ranjbar S, Afshar Hezarkhani L, Salari F, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. Regulatory T cells for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease: A clinical and preclinical systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5030-5040. [PMID: 31788795 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration and inflammation in the nerves. The role of the immune system has been concentrated by researchers in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Given the inhibitory roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs), it is expected that increasing or activating their populations in patients with ALS can have significant therapeutic effects. Here we searched databases, including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, clinicaltrials.gov, and ICTRP for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs until March 2019. For preclinical studies, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to June 2019. We also included preclinical studies, due to the lack of clinical information available, which used Tregs (or directly targeting them) for treating mice models of ALS. We identified 29 records (CENTRAL 7, MEDLINE 4, CINAHL Plus 8, and clinicaltrials.gov 10) and removed 10 duplicated publications. After screening, we identified one RCT which had been published as an abstract, three non-RCTs, and four ongoing studies. We also identified 551 records (PubMed 446, Google Scholar 68, and Scopus 37) for preclinical studies and performed a meta-analysis. Finally, we found three papers that matched our inclusion criteria for preclinical studies. Results indicated the effectiveness of the application of Tregs in the treatment of ALS. Our meta-analysis on preclinical studies revealed that Tregs significantly prolonged survival in mice models of ALS. Overall, our analysis testified that exertion of Tregs in the treatment of ALS is a promising approach, that notwithstanding, requires further evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar Hezarkhani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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