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Liu H, Zhang Y, Yip M, Ren L, Liang J, Chen X, Liu N, Du A, Wang J, Chang H, Oh H, Zhou C, Xing R, Xu M, Guo P, Gessler D, Xie J, Tai PW, Gao G, Wang D. Producing high-quantity and high-quality recombinant adeno-associated virus by low-cis triple transfection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101230. [PMID: 38558570 PMCID: PMC10979107 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene therapy is entering clinical and commercial stages at an unprecedented pace. Triple transfection of HEK293 cells is currently the most widely used platform for rAAV manufacturing. Here, we develop low-cis triple transfection that decreases transgene plasmid use by 10- to 100-fold and overcomes several major limitations associated with standard triple transfection. This new method improves packaging of yield-inhibiting transgenes by up to 10-fold, and generates rAAV batches with reduced plasmid backbone contamination that otherwise cannot be eliminated in downstream processing. When tested in mice and compared with rAAV produced by standard triple transfection, low-cis rAAV shows comparable or superior potency and results in diminished plasmid backbone DNA and RNA persistence in tissue. Mechanistically, low-cis triple transfection relies on the extensive replication of transgene cassette (i.e., inverted terminal repeat-flanked vector DNA) in HEK293 cells during production phase. This cost-effective method can be easily implemented and is widely applicable to producing rAAV of high quantity, purity, and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mitchell Yip
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lingzhi Ren
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jialing Liang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Xiupeng Chen
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ailing Du
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hao Chang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hyejin Oh
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chen Zhou
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ruxiao Xing
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Peiyi Guo
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dominic Gessler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Phillip W.L. Tai
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Yip M, Chen J, Zhi Y, Tran NT, Namkung S, Pastor E, Gao G, Tai PWL. Querying Recombination Junctions of Replication-Competent Adeno-Associated Viruses in Gene Therapy Vector Preparations with Single Molecule, Real-Time Sequencing. Viruses 2023; 15:1228. [PMID: 37376529 DOI: 10.3390/v15061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical-grade preparations of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors used for gene therapy typically undergo a series of diagnostics to determine titer, purity, homogeneity, and the presence of DNA contaminants. One type of contaminant that remains poorly investigated is replication-competent (rc)AAVs. rcAAVs form through recombination of DNA originating from production materials, yielding intact, replicative, and potentially infectious virus-like virions. They can be detected through the serial passaging of lysates from cells transduced by AAV vectors in the presence of wildtype adenovirus. Cellular lysates from the last passage are subjected to qPCR to detect the presence of the rep gene. Unfortunately, the method cannot be used to query the diversity of recombination events, nor can qPCR provide insights into how rcAAVs arise. Thus, the formation of rcAAVs through errant recombination events between ITR-flanked gene of interest (GOI) constructs and expression constructs carrying the rep-cap genes is poorly described. We have used single molecule, real-time sequencing (SMRT) to analyze virus-like genomes expanded from rcAAV-positive vector preparations. We present evidence that sequence-independent and non-homologous recombination between the ITR-bearing transgene and the rep/cap plasmid occurs under several events and rcAAVs spawn from diverse clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Yip
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Spirovant Sciences, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yan Zhi
- Spirovant Sciences, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ngoc Tam Tran
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Suk Namkung
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eric Pastor
- Spirovant Sciences, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute of Rare Diseases Research, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Phillip W L Tai
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute of Rare Diseases Research, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Sadak T, Gaster B, Hirsh A, Ishado E, Yip M, Borson S. POTENTIALLY UN-AVOIDABLE HOSPITALIZATIONS IN DEMENTIA: AN INSIDE STORY. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Sadak
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Lynnwood, Washington, United States
| | - B Gaster
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - A Hirsh
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - E Ishado
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - M Yip
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - S Borson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Zhou Y, Sadak T, Ishado E, Yip M, Borson S. OPERATIONALIZING THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - T Sadak
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - E Ishado
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - M Yip
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA
| | - S Borson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Littauer R, Sather J, Rothenberg C, Finn E, Yip M, Matouk C, Pham L, Sheth K, Ulrich A, Parwani Y, Venkatesh A. 57 Improving the Safety and Quality of Inter-Hospital Transfer for Nontraumatic Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abuzeid O, Yip M, Hebert J, Abuzeid M. Laparoscopy Is the Gold Standard for the Diagnosis of Subtle Fimbrial Pathology, Peritubal and Periovarian Adhesions. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Turner S, Yip M, Smith D, Weibel S, van Seggelen W, Foster A, Morey T, Barbati Z, Branch A, Fierer D. O22.2 Detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in semen from hiv-infected men who have sex with men (msm) during acute hcv infection. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Turner S, Yip M, Smith D, Weibel S, van Seggelen W, Foster A, Morey T, Barbati Z, Branch A, Fierer D. 007.3 Detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in semen from hiv-infected men who have sex with men (msm) during acute hcv infection. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rashidnasab A, Elangovan P, Yip M, Diaz O, Dance DR, Young KC, Wells K. Simulation and assessment of realistic breast lesions using fractal growth models. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:5613-27. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/16/5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Yip M, Mackenzie A, Lewis E, Dance DR, Young KC, Christmas W, Wells K. Image resampling effects in mammographic image simulation. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:N275-86. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/22/n02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mestel R, Yip M, Holland JP, Wang E, Kang J, Holland MJ. Sequences within the spacer region of yeast rRNA cistrons that stimulate 35S rRNA synthesis in vivo mediate RNA polymerase I-dependent promoter and terminator activities. Mol Cell Biol 1989; 9:1243-54. [PMID: 2657388 PMCID: PMC362715 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.3.1243-1254.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequences within the spacer region of yeast rRNA cistrons stimulate synthesis of the major 35S rRNA precursor in vivo 10- to 30-fold (E. A. Elion and J. R. Warner, Cell 39:663-673, 1984). Spacer sequences that mediate this stimulatory activity are located approximately 2.2 kilobases upstream from sequences that encode the 5' terminus of the 35S rRNA precursor. By utilizing a centromere-containing plasmid carrying a 35S rRNA minigene, a 160-base-pair region of spacer rDNA was identified by deletion mapping that is required for efficient stimulation of 35S rRNA synthesis in vivo. A 22-base-pair sequence, previously shown to support RNA polymerase I-dependent selective initiation of transcription in vitro, was located 15 base pairs upstream from the 3' boundary of the stimulatory region. A 77-base pair region of spacer DNA that mediates transcriptional terminator activity in vivo was identified immediately downstream from the 5' boundary of the stimulatory region. Deletion mutations extending downstream from the 5' boundary of the 160-base-pair stimulatory region simultaneously interfere with terminator activity and stimulation of 35S rRNA synthesis from the minigene. The terminator region supported termination of transcripts initiated by RNA polymerase I in vivo. The organization of sequences that support terminator and promoter activities within the 160-base-pair stimulatory region is similar to the organization of rDNA gene promoters in higher organisms. Possible mechanisms for spacer-sequence-dependent stimulation of yeast 35S rRNA synthesis in vivo are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mestel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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Swanson ME, Yip M, Holland MJ. Characterization of an RNA polymerase I-dependent promoter within the spacer region of yeast ribosomal cistrons. J Biol Chem 1985; 260:9905-15. [PMID: 2991269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sequences which are required for RNA polymerase I-dependent selective initiation of transcription in vitro from a site within the spacer region of cloned yeast ribosomal DNA have been identified. Yeast rDNA templates containing deletion mutations extending from restriction endonuclease cleavage sites located upstream and downstream from the transcriptional initiation site were constructed. The ability of these mutant templates to support selective transcription in vitro was determined using a yeast whole cell extract. Nucleotide sequences which are required for selective transcription in vitro are within a 22-base pair region which is located immediately adjacent to the transcriptional initiation site. The 3' boundary of this 22-base pair sequence was mapped within a single base pair and resides within the transcribed portion of the rDNA. Nucleotide sequences upstream and downstream from the 22-base pair region are not required for selective transcription and do not appear to affect the efficiency of transcription in vitro. A hybrid plasmid containing only 32 base pairs of yeast rDNA, which includes the 22-base pair region, supports efficient and accurate RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription in vitro. These data demonstrate that the 22-base pair region of yeast rDNA is sufficient for accurate initiation of transcription in vitro. The transcriptional properties of several cloned rDNA templates isolated from two haploid yeast strains and a strain of bakers' yeast were examined. Four cistrons were identified which differ in nucleotide sequence. Three cistrons contain the 22-base pair promoter region and they support selective transcription in vitro. The fourth cistron does not support selective transcription in vitro and contains a single base pair substitution within the 22-base pair promoter sequence.
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Lee S, Yip M, Sacks HJ. Factor IX deficiency in liver disease. JAMA 1972; 221:1410 passim. [PMID: 5068563 DOI: 10.1001/jama.221.12.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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