Synthesis, surface activity, and corrosion inhibition capabilities of new non-ionic gemini surfactants

Several environmentally acceptable non-ionic gemini surfactants are synthesized in this work using natural sources, including polyethenoxy di-dodecanoate (GSC12), polyethenoxy di-hexadecanoate (GSC16), and polyethenoxy di-octadecenoate (GSC18). The produced surfactants are confirmed by spectrum studies using FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. It explored and examined how the length of the hydrocarbon chain affected essential properties like foaming and emulsifying abilities. Surface tension examinations are used to assess the surface activity of the examined gemini surfactants. The lower value of critical micelle concentrations (0.381 × 10-4M) is detected for GSC18. Their spontaneous character is shown by the negative values of the free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) and micellization (ΔGmic) which arranged in the order GSC18 > GSC16 > GSC12. Based on theoretical, weight loss, and electrochemical investigations, these novel surfactants were investigated for their possible use in inhibiting carbon steel from corroding in 1 M HCl. Measuring results show that GSC18 inhibits corrosion in carbon steel by 95.4%. The isotherm of adsorption evaluated for the investigated inhibitors and their behavior obeys Langmuir isotherm.

Impact of Co3O4 nanoparticles on epoxy's mechanical and corrosion-resistance properties for carbon steel in seawater

Co3O4 nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) are synthesized using the facile solvothermal method. FT-IR and XRD spectroscopic analyses verify the creation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 13.20 nm. Furthermore, Zeta potential assessments were carried out to identify the electrical charge of the surface of the produced Co3O4-NPs, which was found to be -20.5 mV.  In addition, the average pore size of Co3O4-NPs is 19.8 nm, and their BET surface area is 92.4 m/g. The study also concerned the effect of Co3O4-NPs on epoxy's improvement of mechanical and corrosion protection for carbon steel in salt solution. By including Co3O4-NPs in an epoxy (EP) coating, corrosion is effectively prevented by non-permeable protective coatings that effectively reduce the transfer of corrosion ions and oxygen.

Impact of some inorganic anions on the corrosion of nickel in a solution containing Na2SO4 and NaClO4

Potentiodynamic study was carried out on nickel in Na2SO4 solution in the presence of ClO4-, WO42-, MoO42-, NO2- and NO3- ions. The anodic excursion spans of the metal nickel in a solution of Na2SO4 are marked by the appearance of clearly defined anodic peak, passive region, and transpassive shoulder. According to the data, the anodic peak current density (IPAI) rise from 1.82 to 8.12 mA cm-2 as the concentration of the Na2SO4 solution rises from 0.2 to 1.0 M. It is clear that as scan rate increases, the IPAI rises reaching to 11.8 mA cm-2. The apparent activation energy of nickel corrosion in Na2SO4 is 33.25 kJ mol-1. ClO4- anion addition speeds up nickel's active dissolution, as well tends to break down the passive layer, and causes pitting penetration. It was found that, the pitting potential (Epit) of nickel in solutions containing the two anions ClO4- and SO42- shifts to the positive direction by addition of WO42-, MoO42-, NO2- anions and shifts to the negative direction by addition NO3- anion. Epit increased by 0.67, 0.37 and 0.15 V in the presence of WO42-, MoO42- and NO2-, respectively. WO42- > MoO42- > NO2- was the order in which the inhibitors were most effective.

Green Synthesis of a Novel Cationic Surfactant Based on an Azo Schiff Compound for Use as a Carbon Steel Anticorrosion Agent

The new cationic surfactant-based azo Schiff compound (azoS8) was prepared, characterized, and investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1 M HCl by means of electrochemical approaches in this study. The chemical structure of azoS8 has been verified by the FTIR and 1H NMR spectra. According to the electrochemical system, the examined surfactant is a mixed-type inhibitor. The surfactant azoS8 was an adequate corrosion inhibitor, as evidenced by the reduction in corrosion current densities and the rise in coverage of the surface identified with an evolving inhibitor amount. When the surfactant azoS8 had been added, the capacitive cycle loops on the Nyquist plots were broader, and the dimension of these loops expanded with surfactant azoS8 concentration. This implies that the amount of surfactant azoS8 led to an improvement in the impedance of the steel electrode. The surfactant azoS8 adsorption system is well suited to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was discovered that azoS8 had a Gibbs free energy change value of -27.72 kJ mol-1, which is a mixed adsorption mechanism containing both physisorption and chemisorption.

Novel highly efficient ternary ZnO wrapped PPy-NTs/g-C3N4 nanocomposite as an epoxy coating for corrosion protection

The main goal of this study is to develop an epoxy coating coupled with an organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite that can be used as a corrosion-inhibiting pigment on carbon steel. Herein, polypyrrole nanotubes (PPy-NTs), polypyrrole nanotubes/g-C3N4 (PPy-NTs/g-C3N4) and novel nano-composite polypyrrole nanotubes/g-C3N4/ZnO (PGZ) were prepared by facile wet impregnation approach. The developed pigments were investigated using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM equipped EDS. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements were used to assess the behavior of the prepared pigments on the anticorrosion performance of epoxy resin coatings. EIS experiments revealed that introducing nano-pigments to neat coatings enhanced the epoxy resin and charge transfer resistance. The anticorrosion performance of the three nano-pigments was assessed as follows: PGZ ˃ PPy-NTs/g-C3N4˃ PPy-NTs.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antitumor Activity of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Dictyota dichotoma

Brown macroalgae are a rich source of fucoidans with many pharmacological uses. This research aimed to isolate and characterize fucoidan from Dictyota dichotoma var. dichotoma (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux and evaluate in vitro its antioxidant and antitumor potential. The fucoidan yield was 0.057 g/g algal dry wt with a molecular weight of about 48.6 kDa. In terms of fucoidan composition, the sulfate, uronic acid, and protein contents were 83.3 ± 5.20 mg/g fucoidan, 22.5 ± 0.80 mg/g fucoidan, and 26.1 ± 1.70 mg/g fucoidan, respectively. Fucose was the primary sugar component, as were glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and glucuronic acid. Fucoidan exhibited strong antioxidant potential that increased by more than 3 times with the increase in concentration from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/mL. Moreover, different concentrations of fucoidan (0.05-1 mg/mL) showed their ability to decrease the viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in a time-dependent manner. These findings provided a fast method to obtain an appreciable amount of natural fucoidan with established structural characteristics as a promising compound with pronounced antioxidant and anticancer activity.

Bioremediation of malachite green dye using sodium alginate, Sargassum latifolium extract, and their silver nanoparticles

INTRODUCTION

The textile, paper, rubber, plastic, leather, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food sectors extensively use malachite green (MG). In spite of this, it has mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and, in some circumstances causes chronic respiratory disease.

OBJECTIVES

In this work, we used sodium alginate, Sargassum latifolium aqueous extract, and their silver nanoparticles to test their potential as inexpensive adsorbent agents to remove malachite green dye from aqueous solutions.

METHODS

The removal rate of MG was determined using a series of bioadsorption experiments. Besides, the effect of different factors on bioadsorption, such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time (min), and different concentrations of MG dye was investigated.

RESULTS

The removal efficiency of MG dye by alginate nanoparticles, alginate, Sargassum latifolium aqueous extract, and S. latifolium aqueous extract nanoparticles was 91, 82, 84, and 68 respectively. The optimal conditions for bioadsorption of malachite green dye were pH 7, a contact time of 180 min, and an adsorbent dose of 0.02 g. The adsorption isotherm was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Also, UV and FT-IR before and after the bioadsorption of MG were performed to confirm the bioadsorption process.

CONCLUSION

Our results indicated that alginate nanoparticles were the most effective bioadsorbent agent.

Synthesis, description, and application of novel corrosion inhibitors for CS AISI1095 in 1.0 M HCl based on benzoquinoline derivatives

This study aims to synthesize and evaluate the corrosion inhibition properties of three newly prepared organic compounds based on benzo[h]quinoline hydrazone derivatives. The compounds structure were characterised using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Electrochemical methods, including Potentiodynamic Polarization (PP), Electrochemical Frequency Modulation (EFM), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to evaluate the compounds as corrosion inhibitors in HCl (1.0 M) for carbon steel (CS). Additionally, surface examination techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the surface morphology and elemental composition of the CS before and after exposure to the synthesized compounds. The electrochemical measurements showed that compound VII achieved corrosion inhibition efficiency. SEM and EDX analysis further confirmed the creation of a passive film on the CS surface. These findings demonstrated the potential of benzo[h]quinoline hydrazone derivatives as effective organic corrosion inhibitors for CS in aggressive solution.

Novel Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Solutions Based on α-Aminophosphonate (Chemical, Electrochemical, and Quantum Studies)

α-aminophosphonate (α-AP) is used as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel. The aggressive media applied in this study are HCl and H₂SO₄ acid solutions. The findings indicate that the morphology of the α-AP compound is cubic, with particles ranging in size from 17 to 23 μm. FT-IR, ¹HNMR, ³¹PNMR, and ¹³CNMR analysis confirmed the synthesis of the α-AP molecule. It has been discovered that the compound α-AP plays an important role in inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel in both HCl and H₂SO₄ acids. This was identifiably inferred from the fact that the addition of α-AP compound decreased the corrosion rate. It is important to report that the maximum inhibition efficiency (92.4% for HCl and 95.7% for H₂SO₄) was obtained at 180 ppm. The primary factor affecting the rate at which steel specimens corrode in acidic electrolytes is the tendency of α-AP compounds to adsorb on the surface of steel through their heteroatoms (O, N, and P). This was verified by SEM/EDX results. The adsorption actually occurs through physical and chemical mechanisms via different active centers which are matched with the calculated quantum parameters. In addition, the adsorption of α-AP follows the Langmuir isotherm.

Electrochemical and theoretical investigations of favipiravir drug performance as ecologically benign corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloy in acid solution

Aluminum-silicon alloys have become a preferred option in the automotive and aerospace industries thanks to their fault-tolerant process ability and reasonable static characteristics at relatively affordable costs. This study aimed to investigate the use of favipiravir (FAV) drug as a biocompatible and eco-friendly inhibitor to protect aluminum alloy (AlSi) surface in an aggressive acid environment (1.0 M HCl). The electrochemical measurements declare that FAV is categorized as an inhibitor of mixed type with a cathodic effect. At 100 ppm, FAV had the highest inhibitory efficiency (96.45%). FAV is associated with lower double-layer capacitance values and more excellent charge-transfer resistance. These results show that AlSi corrosion in 1.0 M HCl is reduced in the presence of FAV. The Langmuir model is well-suited to the FAV adsorption behavior (R² ≈ 1). Chemisorption is the primary adsorption in this environment. The theoretical calculation studies corrosion inhibitors' molecular structure and behavior. Different quantum chemical properties of the FAV have been calculated, including energy difference (ΔE), softness, global hardness, and energy of back-donation depending on the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. In addition, Mulliken and Fukui's population analysis and the Molecular Electrostatic Potential map represent the electron distribution and the molecule's active centers. Experimental findings and quantum chemical computations matched, and FAV is recommended as a green corrosion inhibitor.

New imidazolium-based ionic liquids for mitigating carbon steel corrosion in acidic condition

Two environmentally friendly inhibitors of imidazolium-based ionic liquids namely 3-benzyl-1-hexadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (IL-H), and 3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-hexadecyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride (IL-Cl) were manufactured and their chemical structures were confirmed by spectra tools (FT-IR, and 1H NMR). The utilizing of these two new ionic liquids as green corrosion inhibitors for low carbon steel (LCS) in 1.0 M HCl under altered experimental conditions. Mass loss (ML), potentiodynamic polarization (PP), AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface morphology are take place in this study. The protection performance found to increase with increasing ionic liquid dose and temperature, reaching 92.9% and 95.1% for IL-H and IL-Cl at 120 ppm, respectively. Based on the PP records, the investigated ionic liquids behave as mixed-type inhibitors, influencing both anodic and cathodic responses. The inhibitory activity from these explored ionic liquids was stimulated by their adsorption on the effective surfaces of the steel surface in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) method is used to analyze the relationship between quantum chemical calculations and the protection efficiency of ionic liquids.

Controlling the Hydrogen Generation Reaction from Waste Water in Oil Fields Using an Ionic Liquid

Hydrogen production technologies are attracting widespread interest in energy technologies. The conventional methods for hydrogen production suffer from high cost, restricting their production everywhere. Here, we use waste formation water from a petroleum field and carbon steel materials to produce hydrogen. The most suitable conditions have been investigated to maximize the hydrogen yield. In addition, an ionic liquid (i.e., tributylmethylammonium methyl carbonate, BMAMC) has been used to control the hydrogen generation reaction. We reveal that the amount of hydrogen release rapidly increases with decreasing pH of the solution from 6.7 to 2.5. A further increase in temperature resulted in more amount of hydrogen release. Our study investigates the influence of chloride ions on hydrogen generation activity. The results revealed that ionic liquid BMAMC remarkably decreases the amount of hydrogen release with an efficiency of 92% at 5.08 × 10^-4 M. The addition of ionic liquid BMAMC into waste formation water increases the activation energy of the hydrogen generation reaction. The Langmuir model is the best isotherm describing the adsorption of BMAMC on carbon steel. Finally, to confirm the adsorption of the ionic liquid BMAMC, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were conducted.

Inhibitory Capabilities of Sweet Yellow Capsicum Extract toward the Rusting of Steel Rebars in Cement Pore Solution

The inhibitory capabilities of the sweet yellow capsicum extract (SYCE) toward the rusting of steel rebars in cement pore solution (CPS) were tested employing the electrochemical and mass loss methods. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, luteolin, and cinnamic acid are the most important constituents in the SYCE extract. By adsorbing them on steel bars, the organic compounds in the CSA extract enable them with an effective mixed-type inhibition, suppressing both anodic and cathodic procedures. At 300 ppm, the highest performances were 95.3 and 97.5% utilizing mass loss and electrochemical approaches, respectively. The activation energy for the corrosion process is greatly increased by the addition of the SYCE extract, going from 13.2 kJ mol^-1 (blank solution) to 30.0 kJ mol^-1 (300 ppm SYCE extract). The physical adsorption actions of the SYCE extract are described by the Freundlich equilibrium constant's smallest value, which is 0.074 ppm^-1. Many future investigators will be attracted by these discoveries to work relentlessly to uncover the anti-corrosion characteristics of novel plant extracts in the area of concrete additives.

The most popular and effective synthesis processes for Co3O4 nanoparticles and their benefit in preventing corrosion

Cobalt oxide nanostructures are gaining popularity in the scientific community because they are reasonably priced, easy to develop, and have unique properties that make them valuable for coating, corrosion inhibitors, supercapacitors, photocatalysis, and other applications. In this review, the most well-known and effective synthetic methods are mentioned along with their particle size. A description of the main experimental methods used to describe the nanoparticles is also provided. In addition, the green production of cobalt oxide nanoparticles using plant extract is summarized. In particular with regard, we mentioned the use of cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the construction of nanocomposites coatings and future prospective approaches.

The role of different inorganic anions on passive film durability for nickel against chloride ions pitting corrosion in borate buffered solution

Potentiodynamic and cyclic voltammetric studies were carried out on nickel in borate buffered saline (pH = 8.49). The anodic excursion spans of nickel in borate buffer solution do not involve active/passive transition. The passive film starts to break down in the presence of Cl-ions, which causes pitting damage. The data reveal that the increasing Cl− concentration and solution temperature shifts the E pit to the active direction while the increasing in scan rate shifts the E pit to the positive direction. The pitting potential (E pit) shifted in a positive direction when increasing concentrations of Wo4 −2 and MoO4 −2 anions were added to a borate buffer solution containing Cl− ions, showing that the additional anions had an inhibitory influence on the pitting corrosion. While the NO3 − anion is ineffectual as an inhibitor and rather speeds up pitting corrosion, the NO2 − anion has a slight inhibitory impact on pitting corrosion.

Bioadsorption of Fe (II) ions from aqueous solution using Sargassum latifolium aqueous extract and its synthesized silver nanoparticles

Algal extracts are used in the environmentally safe and economically advantageous biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, which does not require the use of hazardous chemicals, high temperatures, pressures, or energies. In the current study, we created silver nanoparticles from the extract of the marine brown alga Sargassum latifolium, analyzed them with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FTIR, and UV-visible spectrophotometers, and used them to show how well they could remove Fe (II) ions from aqueous solutions. UV scan analyses of S. latifolium aqueous extract of silver nanoparticles showed a maximum peak at 450 nm. This peak is considered a characteristic peak for silver nanoparticles. Also, FTIR analysis of S. latifolium aqueous extract revealed various functional groups such as - OH, -NH, -CH, -COOH, CO, and C-C, which are responsible for bioadsorption of Fe (II). TEM also demonstrated that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical, distinct, and regular, with particles size about 6.03-15.16 nm. S. latifolium aqueous extract silver nanoparticles were more effective than its aqueous extract in removing Fe (II) from an aqueous solution. The removal efficiency of Fe (II) by nanoparticles was 83%, while by the aqueous extract was 69%. The optimal conditions for bioadsorption of Fe (II) were pH 4, contact time 150, and adsorbent dose 0.01 g.

Combine merits of both sacrificial and impressed current cathodic protection in one system to mitigate chloride-induced corrosion in reinforcement concrete

The protection of Egyptian reinforcing concrete infrastructures from corrosion is a pressing and critical task for construction engineering and industry, particularly in coastal locations. The primary aim of this case study is to integrate the advantages of both sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP) and impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) in a single cathodic protection (CP) system and to use the new system in Alamein New Place near the Mediterranean sea (Egypt). The results showed that the new cathodic protection system is running very well to protect the concrete iron bars from corrosion. With the passage of time, the protective system’s efficiency and stability improve. During 30 days, the zinc anode’s potentials remain much more negative, indicating that the zinc anode can retain strong electrochemical activity for an extended length of time. The application of the CP method decreases the corrosion rate of rebar steel in concrete samples over time, according to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Impact of the microalga Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco culture and its β-carotene extract on the development of salt-stressed squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Mabrouka)

Salinity is a major threat to crop production and global food security. Algae and their extracts containing bioactive compounds can enhance the salt tolerance of plants, including the salt-sensitive plants. The current study evaluated the efficacy of Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco culture and/or its β-carotene extract in improving the salt tolerance of squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Mabrouka). Amendment of C. pepo with D. salina culture and/or its β-carotene extract was more effective in alleviating the impact of moderate salinity imposed by seawater dilution of 2.5 dS m^-1 than either low (0.55 dS m^-1) or high (3.5 dS m^-1) salinity, with a comparable effect to that of salicylic acid (SA). Plants that received a combination of D. salina culture and its β-carotene extract showed significantly higher growth (total biomass, fruit productivity) and physiological attributes (photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K⁺) contents) than those receiving either amendment alone, reaching up to 80-90% of the SA-treated plants at moderate salinity (2.5 dS m^-1). The combination could enhance the antioxidant activity of moderately salt-stressed C. pepo via increasing carotenoids and phenolics contents, suggesting that this combination could enhance the adaptation of C. pepo to the moderate salinity. The present study recommends using the blooms of D. salina and its β-carotene that is naturally secreted in situ in natural or synthetic open systems in improving the salt tolerance of C. pepo instead of using the expensive synthetic hormones.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01176-6.

Impact of Ionic Liquid on Hydrogen Production from Waste Oilfield Water

We present a promising method for producing pure hydrogen energy from the dissolution of zinc metal in waste oilfield water (WOW) under various conditions. This process mainly consumes zinc metal and WOW. The results show robust dependence on the temperature and solution pH of the hydrogen gas output. Low pH (2.5) and high temperature (338 K) were discovered to be the better conditions for hydrogen production. The 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium ethyl sulfate (EMP-ES) ionic liquid is used to regulate the rate of hydrogen generation for the first time. It has been confirmed that the rate of the dissolution of zinc increased faster and produced more hydrogen per unit of time by an increase in solution temperature and a decrease in solution pH. The adsorption of EMP-ES on the active sites of the Zn surface is unrestrained with mixing physical and chemical orientations. SEM, EDX, and FTIR spectroscopy inspections have been utilized to identify and characterize surface corrosion of zinc in WOW. Furthermore, this process is completely secure and can generate energy on demand.

Controlling Magnesium Self-Corrosion in Mg-Air Batteries with the Conductive Nanocomposite PANI@3D-FCNT

A promising potential device for storage of large amounts of energy is Mg-air batteries. However, the corrosion of the Mg electrode inside the battery electrolyte limits the battery's capacity to store energy. We present a new strategy to protect the Mg electrode from corrosion and increase the life cycle of Mg batteries in this article. The Mg electrode is coated with a conductive nanocomposite (PANI@3D-FCNT) in this technique. To better understand the anticorrosion properties of PANI@3D-FCNTs and their effect on the battery efficiency, electrochemical and battery tests are used. We discovered that PANI@3D-FCNT plays the most promising role in reducing Mg electrode corrosion in 3.5 wt % NaCl electrolyte, with an efficiency of 93.9%. The battery with the coated Mg electrode has a longer discharge time and a slower drop in operating voltage. The PANI@3D-FCNT nanocomposite will prolong the life of the Mg-air battery and keep the Mg electrode active for a long time. This work outstandingly provides an effective strategy to address the defects in the Mg-air batteries arising from electrode corrosion successfully. The work is a great way to open up new avenues for introducing new conductive nanocomposites in metal-air battery designs without using traditional methods.

Improving the sustainability of biodiesel by using imidazolium-based ionic liquid

Corrosion of biodiesel-filled fuel tanks has become a major problem in the use of biodiesel as a new green energy source. The ionic liquid 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C₁₀H₁₉N₂]⁺[C₂F₆NO₄S₂]⁻ was used to control corrosion of C-steel in non-edible biodiesel to resolve this problem. The anti-corrosion and antioxidant properties of the [C₁₀H₁₉N₂]⁺[C₂F₆NO₄S₂]⁻ were characterized using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, total acid number measurements beside SEM and EDX analysis. The findings show that [C₁₀H₁₉N₂]⁺[C₂F₆NO₄S₂]⁻ plays an important role in preventing C-steel corrosion in biodiesel with an efficiency close to 99 percent. The adsorption capability and antioxidant properties of [C₁₀H₁₉N₂]⁺[C₂F₆NO₄S₂]⁻ are the major contributors to the ionic liquid's anti-corrosion properties. We anticipate that this work will help to sustainable expand the use of biodiesel as a renewable energy source.

The use of FCNT/PANI nanocomposites to extend the life of lithium-ion batteries

The contact between aluminum foil (current collector) and LiTFSI salt electrolyte not only causes surface corrosion problems but also decreases the shelf life of the lithium-ion battery (LIB). In this work, we develop new composites coatings that are able to protect the aluminum foil from corrosion in the LIB. The new composites contain functionalized carbon nanotubes and polyaniline conductive polymer (FCNT/PANI). The performance of new composites is evaluated using various experiments including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The charge and discharge cycles of the LIB cell with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to investigate the battery performance and the morphology of the aluminum foil. Towards anti-corrosion application, FCNT/PANI composites can successfully suppress the pitting corrosion of Al foil in 1.0 M LiTFSI electrolyte. The FCNT/PANI composite that uses 1.0% FCNT shows a superior rate capability and anti-corrosion performance when compared with composites that use the 0.2 and 0.5% FCNT. Further, the lithium-ion battery with coated Al foils with FCNT/PANI composites gives an excellent cyclability. Overall, these results confirm that the FCNT/PANI composites are a determining factor for lithium-ion battery efficiency.

Design new epoxy nanocomposite coatings based on metal vanadium oxy-phosphate M0.5VOPO4 for anti-corrosion applications

Epoxy nanocomposite coatings are an essential way to protect petroleum storage tanks from corrosion. For this purpose, the new nanocomposite epoxy coatings (P-M/epoxy composites) have been successfully designed. The P-M/epoxy composites are based on the metal vanadium oxy-phosphate M0.5VOPO4 (where M = Mg, Ni, and Zn). The function of P-M/epoxy composites as anti-corrosion coatings was explored using electrochemical and mechanical tests. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it has been noticed that the pore resistance and polarization resistance of the P-M/epoxy composites remain higher as compared to the neat epoxy. The P-M/epoxy composites have the greatest impact on the cathodic dis-bonded area and water absorption. Besides, P-M/epoxy composites exhibit a very high order of mechanical properties. Further, Mg0.5VOPO4 has the greatest effect on the anti-corrosion properties of epoxy coating followed by Zn0.5VOPO4 and Ni0.5VOPO4. All these properties lead to developing effective anti-corrosion coatings. Thus, the net result from this research work is highly promising and provides a potential for future works on the anti-corrosion coating.

Oat extract as a natural alkaline scale inhibitor for carbon steel in seawater: electrochemical (AC and DC) studies

The controlling of alkaline scale deposition on carbon steel surface in seawater by Oat extract was probed by means of current/time transients, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) examinations. Nucleation, scale formation and coverage of carbon steel with alkaline scales were detected by current/time curves. The results demonstrate that the retardation in alkaline scale formation is controlled by Oat extract, with 86% efficiency at the highest concentration. The scale growth inhibition is due to the adsorption of Oat extract components on the active growth sites of crystal surfaces.

Eco-friendly Bladder wrack extract as a corrosion inhibitor for thermal desalination units during acid cleaning process

To strengthen the thermal desalination units and sustainability of their performance and reduce their corrosion during acid cleaning processes to remove the scale layers, economy and nontoxic strategies are needed. Here we clarify how Bladder wrack extract (BWE) can reduce the corrosion mitigations for thermal units (carbon steel part) during the acid cleaning (1.0 M HCl). We find that the performance of BWE extract reached an excellent value (94.2%) at 500 ppm. The rate of electrochemical reactions is very low in the presence of BWE extract, and is consistent with the mass loss method. The activity of BWE extract as a corrosion inhibitor is due to the presence of mixture of organic compounds inside the extract. These compounds were identified by HPLC, SEM and FT-IR analysis.

Coronaviruses widespread on nonliving surfaces: important questions and promising answers

The world is facing, while writing this review, a global pandemic due to one of the types of the coronaviruses (i.e., COVID-19), which is a new virus. Among the most important reasons for the transmission of infection between humans is the presence of this virus active on the surfaces and materials. Here, we addressed important questions such as do coronaviruses remain active on the inanimate surfaces? Do the types of inanimate surfaces affect the activity of coronaviruses? What are the most suitable ingredients that used to inactivate viruses? This review article addressed many of the works that were done in the previous periods on the survival of many viruses from the coronaviruses family on various surfaces such as steel, glass, plastic, Teflon, ceramic tiles, silicon rubber and stainless steel copper alloys, Al surface, sterile sponges, surgical gloves and sterile latex. The impacts of environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity were presented and discussed. The most important active ingredients that can deactivate viruses on the surfaces were reported here. We hope that these active ingredients will have the same effect on COVID-19.

Stainless steel bipolar plate coated with polyaniline/Zn-Porphyrin composites coatings for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The proton exchange membrane fuel cells are the promising sustainable energy sources. The present study focuses on the enhancement the fuel cell performance and the protection of the stainless steel bipolar plate from the corrosion using polyaniline/Zn-Porphyrin composites coatings. The electrochemical properties (polarization and impedance) of the coated 303 stainless steel in 1.0 M H2SO4 solution have been evaluated. The coated 303 stainless steel by new composites exhibits the excellent anti-corrosion activity towards corrosive fuel cell electrolyte. The polyaniline/Zn-Porphyrin composite gives an excellent performance by adding 1.0% of Zn-Porphyrin. This composite improves the output power of the fuel cell.

Utilization of a nonionic surfactant for improved corrosion resistance of carbon steel in simulated fuel-grade ethanol

In this study, a nonionic surfactant (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, Abbrev. PEG-40 HCO) was used to improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in simulated fuel-grade ethanol (SFGE). The studies were conducted using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentiodynamic polarization techniques and complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations. The presence of water and chloride ions in SFGE strongly influences the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel. Polarization curves indicate that PEG-40 HCO has good inhibition efficiency and behaves as a mixed inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of PEG-40 HCO within the range of 20 to 100 ppm, reaching a maximum value of 93.8%. The adsorption of PEG-40 HCO obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Quantum chemical calculations were evaluated to confirm experimental results.

In this study, a nonionic surfactant (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, Abbrev. PEG-40 HCO) was used to improve the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in simulated fuel-grade ethanol (SFGE).

Antibiotic susceptibility and genotype patterns of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urinary tract infected patients

Thirty nine isolates of Escherichia coli, twenty two isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and sixteen isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urinary tract infected patients were analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility typing and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by microdilution and E Test methods. From the antibiotic susceptibility, ten patterns were recorded (four for E. coli, three for K. pneumoniae and three for P. aeruginosa respectively). Furthermore, genotyping showed seventeen RAPD patterns (seven for E. coli, five for K. pneumoniae and five for P. aeruginosa respectively). In this study, differentiation of strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa from nosocomial infection was possible with the use of RAPD.