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Hamad MH, Islam SI, Jitsamai W, Chinkangsadarn T, Naraporn D, Ouisuwan S, Taweethavonsawat P. Metabarcoding study to reveal the structural community of strongylid nematodes in domesticated horses in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:70. [PMID: 38395874 PMCID: PMC10893705 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed strongylid infections significantly impact equine health and performance. Traditional microscopy-based methods exhibit limitations in accurately identifying strongylid species. Nemabiome deep amplicon sequencing approach previously succeeded in describing the strongylid communities in livestock including equids. However, there are no available studies that describe the structural communities of strongylid parasites in horses in Thailand. Therefore, this study was undertaken encompassing the ITS-2 rDNA metabarcoding assay to characterize strongylid species within horse fecal samples collected from a cohort of yearlings at the largest domesticated stud farm in Thailand. In addition, to investigate the capability of ITS-2 rDNA in assessing the phylogenetic relationships among the identified strongylid species. RESULTS The study identified 14 strongylid species in the examined equine populations, each with varying prevalence. Notably, Cylicocyclus nassatus and Cylicostephanus longibursatus were identified as the predominant species, with Strongylus spp. conspicuously absent. The phylogenetic analysis of 207 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) displayed a complex relationship among the investigated cyathostomin species, with some species are positioned across multiple clades, demonstrating close associations with various species and genera. CONCLUSION The ITS-2 nemabiome sequencing technique provided a detailed picture of horse strongylid parasite species in the studied population. This establishes a foundation for future investigations into the resistance status of these parasites and enables efforts to mitigate their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Hamad
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sk Injamamul Islam
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanarit Jitsamai
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Chinkangsadarn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Darm Naraporn
- Horse Farm and Laboratory Animal Breeding Center, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Hua-Hin, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, 77110, Thailand
| | - Suraseha Ouisuwan
- Horse Farm and Laboratory Animal Breeding Center, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Hua-Hin, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, 77110, Thailand
| | - Piyanan Taweethavonsawat
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Biomarkers in Animals Parasitology Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Hamad MH, Islam SI, Jitsamai W, Chinkangsadarn T, Naraporn D, Ouisuwan S, Taweethavonsawat P. Patterns of Equine Small Strongyle Species Infection after Ivermectin Intervention in Thailand: Egg Reappearance Period and Nemabiome Metabarcoding Approach. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:574. [PMID: 38396542 PMCID: PMC10886017 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of anthelmintics to control parasitic nematodes in horses has led to the emergence of anthelmintic resistance worldwide. However, there are no data available on using ivermectin for treating strongyle infections within domesticated horses in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to use the fecal egg count reduction (FECR) test to determine the strongylid egg reappearance period (ERP). Additionally, the nemabiome metabarcoding approach is incorporated to study patterns of strongyle species infection following ivermectin treatment. The study results indicate that, although ivermectin effectively eliminated adult strongyle parasites within two weeks post-treatment, the ERP was shortened to 6 weeks post-treatment with a mean FECR of 70.4% (95% CI 46.1-84.0). This potentially indicates a recent change in drug performance. In addition, nemabiome metabarcoding revealed that strongyle species have different levels of susceptibility in response to anthelmintic drugs. The reduction in ERP was associated with the early reappearance of specific species, dominated by Cylicostephanus longibursatus and Cylicocyclus nassatus, indicating the lower susceptibility of these species. In contrast, Poteriostomum imparidentatum, Triodontophorus nipponicus, and Triodontophorus serratus were not found post-treatment, indicating the high level of susceptibility of these species. This information is vital for comprehending the factors contributing to the emergence of resistance and for devising strategies to manage and control strongyle infections in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hamad
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.H.H.); (S.I.I.)
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sk Injamamul Islam
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.H.H.); (S.I.I.)
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanarit Jitsamai
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Teerapol Chinkangsadarn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Darm Naraporn
- Horse Farm and Laboratory Animal Breeding Center, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Hua-Hin 77110, Thailand; (D.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Suraseha Ouisuwan
- Horse Farm and Laboratory Animal Breeding Center, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Hua-Hin 77110, Thailand; (D.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Piyanan Taweethavonsawat
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Biomarkers in Animals Parasitology Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Salem SE, Abd El-Ghany AM, Hamad MH, Abdelaal AM, Elsheikh HA, Hamid AA, Saud MA, Daniels SP, Ras R. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes, parasite control practices and anthelmintic resistance patterns in a working horse population in Egypt. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:339-348. [PMID: 32725717 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthelmintic resistance is commonly reported in horse populations in developed countries, but evidence in some working horse populations is either lacking or inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To estimate prevalence of GI nematode infections in working horses in Egypt and to evaluate strongyle resistance to ivermectin, doramectin and fenbendazole. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Faecal egg count was performed on 644 working horses from 2 provinces in Egypt. A short questionnaire about horse signalment and worming history was completed for each horse. Horses identified with ≥50 strongyle type egg/g (n = 146) underwent faecal egg count reduction testing (FECRT) following treatment with ivermectin (n = 33), doramectin (n = 33) or fenbendazole (n = 30). Risk factors for strongyle (≥200 egg/g) and Parascaris equorum (>0 egg/g) infection were investigated using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of low (0-199 epg), medium (200-500 epg) and high (>500 epg) strongyle infection was 88.4%, 5.9% and 5.8%, respectively. P. equorum eggs were detected in 5.1% (n = 33) of horses. Strongyle FECR was 100%, 99.97% and 100% following treatment with ivermectin, doramectin and fenbendazole respectively. Anthelmintic treatment in the 12 months preceding examination was associated with reduced likelihood of strongyle infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14, 0.47, P < .001). The likelihood of P. equorum infection was significantly associated with horses' age (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.90; P < .001). Male horses were more likely to have P. equorum infection (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.37, 5.93, P = .005). MAIN LIMITATIONS Nonrandomised selection of study areas and larval cultures was unsuccessful for some samples. CONCLUSIONS There were low prevalence of strongyle and P. equorum infection and no evidence of macrocyclic lactones or benzimidazole resistance in strongyles in the studied working horse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shebl E Salem
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany M Abd El-Ghany
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Hamad
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdelaal
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hussein A Elsheikh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, The Veterinary Clinic, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Hamid
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Saud
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Simon P Daniels
- School of Equine Management and Science, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Refaat Ras
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Tartor YH, Hamad MH, Abouzeid NZ, El-Belkemy FA. Equine pythiosis in Egypt: clinicopathological findings, detection, identification and genotyping of Pythium insidiosum. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:298-e73. [PMID: 32342602 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine pythiosis is an emerging, devastating disease that is hard to treat. The tumour-like nodular skin masses grow rapidly and the outcome is generally fatal, and thus early diagnosis and intervention are important. OBJECTIVES (i) To highlight the clinical, histological and haematological findings in pythiosis, and (ii) to evaluate the efficacy of direct sample multiplex-PCR targeting the single nucleotide polymorphisms within the ribosomal DNA region for detection and genotyping of Pythium insidiosum. ANIMALS Two hundred and twenty horses including 204 Arabian and 16 draft horses were surveyed. METHODS Case series study diagnosis was based on clinical, pathological and haematological findings typical of P. insidiosum infection, culture identification, immunohistochemical investigation and direct sample PCR. RESULTS The affected horses (24 of 220, 10.91%) presented with unifocal or multiple lesions on the abdomen, limbs, chest, face and mammary gland. Cases commonly had a history of access to stagnant water, ponds and intentionally flooded rice fields. Most were pregnant mares (58.33%). Histopathology revealed granulomatous reaction, blood vessel endotheliosis, heavy infiltration of eosinophils in the dermal layer, multifocal necrosis and Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon. Unlike direct microscopy (50%) and culture (91.6%), multiplex-PCR assay identified P. insidiosum (Clade II) in all tested samples. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study determining a clade of P. insidiosum causing equine pythiosis in Egypt. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Direct sample multiplex-PCR assay is a potential tool for the early and rapid diagnosis of equine pythiosis. It overcomes limitations associated with morphological identification and provides a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine H Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Hamad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Nasser Z Abouzeid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Farouk A El-Belkemy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Chelban V, Alsagob M, Kloth K, Chirita-Emandi A, Vandrovcova J, Maroofian R, Davagnanam I, Bakhtiari S, AlSayed MD, Rahbeeni Z, AlZaidan H, Malintan NT, Johannsen J, Efthymiou S, Ghayoor Karimiani E, Mankad K, Al-Shahrani SA, Beiraghi Toosi M, AlShammari M, Groppa S, Haridy NA, AlQuait L, Qari A, Huma R, Salih MA, Almass R, Almutairi FB, Hamad MH, Alorainy IA, Ramzan K, Imtiaz F, Puiu M, Kruer MC, Bierhals T, Wood NW, Colak D, Houlden H, Kaya N. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of NKX6-2-related spastic ataxia and hypomyelination. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:334-342. [PMID: 31509304 PMCID: PMC6946857 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders with a wide spectrum of phenotypes and a high rate of genetically unsolved cases. Bi‐allelic mutations in NKX6‐2 were recently linked to spastic ataxia 8 with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Methods Using a combination of homozygosity mapping, exome sequencing, and detailed clinical and neuroimaging assessment a series of new NKX6‐2 mutations in a multicentre setting is described. Then, all reported NKX6‐2 mutations and those identified in this study were combined and an in‐depth analysis of NKX6‐2‐related disease spectrum was provided. Results Eleven new cases from eight families of different ethnic backgrounds carrying compound heterozygous and homozygous pathogenic variants in NKX6‐2 were identified, evidencing a high NKX6‐2 mutation burden in the hypomyelinating leukodystrophy disease spectrum. Our data reveal a phenotype spectrum with neonatal onset, global psychomotor delay and worse prognosis at the severe end and a childhood onset with mainly motor phenotype at the milder end. The phenotypic and neuroimaging expression in NKX6‐2 is described and it is shown that phenotypes with epilepsy in the absence of overt hypomyelination and diffuse hypomyelination without seizures can occur. Conclusions NKX6‐2 mutations should be considered in patients with autosomal recessive, very early onset of nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia with hypotonia that rapidly progresses to spasticity, particularly when associated with neuroimaging signs of hypomyelination. Therefore, it is recommended that NXK6‐2 should be included in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy and spastic ataxia diagnostic panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chelban
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - M Alsagob
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Kloth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Chirita-Emandi
- Genetics Department, University 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - J Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - R Maroofian
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - I Davagnanam
- Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - S Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M D AlSayed
- Medical Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Rahbeeni
- Medical Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H AlZaidan
- Medical Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N T Malintan
- Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J Johannsen
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - E Ghayoor Karimiani
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - K Mankad
- Great Ormond Street Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | - M Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Paediatric Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M AlShammari
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Groppa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - N A Haridy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - L AlQuait
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Qari
- Medical Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Huma
- Medical Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Salih
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Almass
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F B Almutairi
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Hamad
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I A Alorainy
- Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, King Saud University KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Imtiaz
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Puiu
- Genetics Department, University 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - M C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Child Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - T Bierhals
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N W Wood
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - D Colak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - N Kaya
- Department of Genetics, KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between nasal nitric oxide (nNO) concentration and its influence on olfactory function. SETTING Tertiary otolaryngology care centre. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis and 20 healthy subjects participated. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. OUTCOME MEASURES The nNO concentration was measured by chemiluminescence and olfactory thresholds were measured with the phenyl ethanol threshold of the Sniffin' Sticks. In chronic rhinosinusitis patients this measure was done preoperatively and 3 months after endoscopic sinus surgery. RESULTS Healthy subjects had significantly higher nNO concentrations and better olfactory thresholds compared to the chronic rhinosinusitis patients, both before and after those had undergone sinus surgery. Olfactory thresholds and nNO concentrations remained unchanged after surgery in the chronic rhinosinusitis group. In the chronic rhinosinusitis group, nNO concentrations correlated positively with the olfactory threshold preoperatively (P < 0.0001) and 3 months after surgery (P < 0.05). In the control group, nNO production did not correlate with the olfactory thresholds (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Olfactory function and nNO concentration correlate in chronic rhinosinusitis patients but not in healthy subjects. This suggests that both parameters do rather not directly influence each other but it might be the inflammatory processes found in chronic rhinosinusitis that affects olfaction and nNO. Nasal nitric oxide produced by the paranasal sinuses seems not to directly influence olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Elsherif
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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