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Kaheni H, Shiran MB, Kamrava SK, Zare-Sadeghi A. Intra and inter-regional functional connectivity of the human brain due to Task-Evoked fMRI Data classification through CNN & LSTM. J Neuroradiol 2024:S0150-9861(24)00109-3. [PMID: 38408721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Olfaction is an early marker of neurodegenerative disease. Standard olfactory function is essential due to the importance of olfaction in human life. The psychophysical evaluation assesses the olfactory function commonly. It is patient-reported, and results rely on the patient's answers and collaboration. However, methodological difficulties attributed to the psychophysical evaluation of olfactory-related cerebral areas led to limited assessment of olfactory function in the human brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study utilized clustering approaches to assess olfactory function in fMRI data and used brain activity to parcellate the brain with homogeneous properties. Deep neural network architecture based on ResNet convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Model (LSTM) designed to classify healthy with olfactory disorders subjects. RESULTS The fMRI result obtained by k-means unsupervised machine learning model was within the expected outcome and similar to those found with the conn toolbox in detecting active areas. There was no significant difference between the means of subjects and every subject. Proposing a CRNN deep learning model to classify fMRI data in two different healthy and with olfactory disorders groups leads to an accuracy score of 97 %. CONCLUSIONS The K-means unsupervised algorithm can detect the active regions in the brain and analyze olfactory function. Classification results prove the CNN-LSTM architecture using ResNet provides the best accuracy score in olfactory fMRI data. It is the first attempt conducted on olfactory fMRI data in detail until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Kaheni
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Zare-Sadeghi
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Sarebani M, Shiran MB, Bitarafan-Rajabi A, Rastgoo F, Ojaghi Haghighi Z, Abbasian Ardakani A. The impact of frame numbers on cardiac ECG-gated SPECT images with interpolated extra frames using echocardiography. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020. [DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.34.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sarebani M, Shiran MB, Bitarafan-Rajabi A, Rastgou F, Ojaghi Haghighi Z, Abbasian Ardakani A. The impact of frame numbers on cardiac ECG-gated SPECT images with interpolated extra frames using echocardiography. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020; 34:57. [PMID: 32934946 PMCID: PMC7481855 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.34.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac echocardiography and cardiac ECG-gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are the most common modalities for left ventricle (LV) volumes and function assessment. The temporal resolution of SPECT images is limited and an ECG provides better temporal resolution. This study investigates the impact of frame numbers on images in terms of qualitative and quantitative assessments.
Methods: In this study, 5 patients underwent echocardiography and cardiac ECG-gated SPECT imaging, and 5 standard views of the LV were recorded to determine LV walls boundaries and volumes. Also, 2 original images with 8 frames and 16 frames per cardiac cycle were recorded simultaneously in a single gantry orbit. Using the data extracted from the LV model, 8 extra new frames were created with interpolation between existing frames of the original 8-frame image. Three series of images (8 and 16 original and 16 interpolated) were reconstructed separately. LV volumes and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated using Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) software.
Results: Compared to the original 8-frame gating, original 16-frame gated images resulted in larger end-diastole volume (EDV) (mean ± SD: 68.6 ± 27.11 mL vs 66.2±25.41 mL, p<0.001), smaller end-systole volume (ESV) (mean ± SD: 24.6±8.7 mL vs 26±7.3 mL, p<0.001), and higher EF (64% vs 60.2%, p<0.001). The results for the interpolated series were also different from the original images (closer to the original 16-frame series rather than 8-frame).
Conclusion: Changing the frame number from 8 to 16 in cardiac ECG-gated SPECT images caused a significant change in LV volumes and EF. Frame interpolation with sophisticated algorithms can be used to improve the temporal resolution of SPECT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Sarebani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Feridoon Rastgou
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ojaghi Haghighi
- Department of Echocardiography, Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasian Ardakani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Malekzadeh M, Abbasi-Rad S, Keyak JH, Nabil M, Asadi M, Mobini N, Naghdi P, Emadi H, Saligheh Rad H, Shiran MB. Liquid Calibration Phantoms in Ultra-Low-Dose QCT for the Assessment of Bone Mineral Density. J Clin Densitom 2020; 23:108-116. [PMID: 30902572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cortical bone is affected by metabolic diseases. Some studies have shown that lower cortical bone mineral density (BMD) is related to increases in fracture risk which could be diagnosed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Nowadays, hybrid iterative reconstruction-based (HIR) computed tomography (CT) could be helpful to quantify the peripheral bone tissue. A key focus of this paper is to evaluate liquid calibration phantoms for BMD quantification in the tibia and under hybrid iterative reconstruction-based-CT with the different hydrogen dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) concentrations phantoms. METHODOLOGY Four ranges of concentrations of K2HPO4 were made and tested with 2 exposure settings. Accuracy of the phantoms with ash gravimetry and intermediate K2HPO4 concentration as hypothetical patients were evaluated. The correlations and mean differences between measured equivalent QCT BMD and ash density as a gold standard were calculated. Relative percentage error (RPE) in CT numbers of each concentration over a 6-mo period was reported. RESULTS The correlation values (R2 was close to 1.0), suggested that the precision of QCT-BMD measurements using standard and ultra-low dose settings were similar for all phantoms. The mean differences between QCT-BMD and the ash density for low concentrations (about 93 mg/cm3) were lower than high concentration phantoms with 135 and 234 mg/cm3 biases. In regard to accuracy test for hypothetical patient, RPE was up to 16.1% for the low concentration (LC) phantom for the case of high mineral content. However, the lowest RPE (0.4 to 1.8%) was obtained for the high concentration (HC) phantom, particularly for the high mineral content case. In addition, over 6 months, the K2HPO4 concentrations increased 25% for 50 mg/cm3 solution and 0.7 % for 1300 mg/cm3 solution in phantoms. CONCLUSION The excellent linear correlations between the QCT equivalent density and the ash density gold standard indicate that QCT can be used with submilisivert radiation dose. We conclude that using liquid calibration phantoms with a range of mineral content similar to that being measured will minimize bias. Finally, we suggest performing BMD measurements with ultra-low dose scan concurrent with iterative-based reconstruction to reduce radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malakeh Malekzadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abbasi-Rad
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joyce H Keyak
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mahnaz Nabil
- Department of Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin Branch, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Mobini
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Naghdi
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Emadi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Malekzadeh M, Asadi M, Abbasi-Rad S, Abolghasemi J, Hamidi Z, Talebi M, Shiran MB, Saligheh Rad H. MDCT-QCT, QUS, and DXA in healthy adults: An intermodality comparison. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:156. [PMID: 32280662 PMCID: PMC7137819 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cortical deceleration is the main reason for bone loss at peripheral sites. It was suggested that when peripheral bones were assessed for osteoporosis, management and therapy can be administered early. The main aim of this study was to assess the relationships between the central and peripheral measurements at different skeleton bone sites (spine, femur, forearm, tibia, and calcaneus) with available modalities: DXA, QUS, and MDCT-QCT. Methods: The volunteers recruited in this study did not have any history or evidence of metabolic bone disease. Blood test and DXA measurements were used as inclusion criteria to select 40 healthy participants. The selected volunteers underwent 3 imaging modalities: QCT, DXA, and QUS. DXA-based measurements were made on 3 sites, including spine, femur, and forearm. QCT and QUS measurements were done for distal of tibia and calcaneus bones, respectively. The extracted parameters from the 3 modalities were analyzed using a bivariate (Pearson) correlation (r) in statistical software. Results: The results showed moderate to good correlations between spongy bones in central and peripheral sites from all the modalities. However, there was no correlation between MDCT measures and central bone values. According to correlations between different peripheral sits, aBMD of 33% radius and trabecular vBMD in 38% distal tibia showed weak but significant relationship between peripheral bones (r=-0.342, p=0.044). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated how bones in central and peripheral sites were correlated. Multimodality imaging was used in this group of healthy volunteers. Also, it was found that QCT-based MDCT needs more optimization and requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malakeh Malekzadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abbasi-Rad
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Abolghasemi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of public health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hamidi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Talebi
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Malekzadeh M, Asadi M, Abbasi-Rad S, Abolghasemi J, Hamidi Z, Talebi M, Shiran MB, Saligheh Rad H. MDCT-QCT, QUS, and DXA in healthy adults: An intermodality comparison. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019. [DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.33.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abbasian Ardakani A, Bitarafan-Rajabi A, Mohammadzadeh A, Mohammadi A, Riazi R, Abolghasemi J, Homayoun Jafari A, Bagher Shiran M. A Hybrid Multilayer Filtering Approach for Thyroid Nodule Segmentation on Ultrasound Images. J Ultrasound Med 2019; 38:629-640. [PMID: 30171626 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Speckle noise is the main factor that degrades ultrasound image contrast and segmentation failure. Determining an effective filter can reduce speckle noise and improve segmentation performances. The aim of this study was to define a useful filter to improve the segmentation outcome. METHODS Twelve filters, including median, hybrid median (Hmed), Fourier Butterworth, Fourier ideal, wavelet (Wlet), homomorphic Fourier Butterworth, homomorphic Fourier ideal, homomorphic wavelet (Hmp_Wlet), frost, anisotropic diffusion, probabilistic patch-based (PPB), and homogeneous area filters, were used to find the best filter(s) to prepare thyroid nodule segmentation. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for filter evaluation in the nodule segmentation process. Accordingly, 10 morphologic parameters were measured from segmented regions to find the best parameters that predict the segmentation performance. RESULTS The best segmentation performance was reached by using 4 hybrid filters that mainly contain contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, Wlet, Hmed, Hmp_Wlet, and PPB filters. The area under the ROC curve for these filters ranged from 0.900 to 0.943 in comparison with the original image, with an area under the curve of 0.685. From 10 morphologic parameters, the area, convex area, equivalent diameter, solidity, and extent can evaluate segmentation performance. CONCLUSIONS Hybrid filters that contain contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization, Wlet, Hmed, Hmp_Wlet, and PPB filters have a high potential to provide good conditions for thyroid nodule segmentation in ultrasound images. In addition to an ROC analysis, morphometry of a segmented region can be used to evaluate segmentation performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbasian Ardakani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Riazi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamileh Abolghasemi
- Department of Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Jafari
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abbasian Ardakani A, Bitarafan-Rajabi A, Mohammadi A, Hekmat S, Tahmasebi A, Shiran MB, Mohammadzadeh A. CAD system based on B-mode and color Doppler sonographic features may predict if a thyroid nodule is hot or cold. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:4258-4265. [PMID: 30627819 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate if the analysis of sonographic parameters could predict if a thyroid nodule was hot or cold. METHODS Overall, 102 thyroid nodules, including 51 hyperfunctioning (hot) and 51 hypofunctioning (cold) nodules, were evaluated in this study. Twelve sonographic features (i.e., seven B-mode and five Doppler features) were extracted for each nodule type. The isthmus thickness, nodule volume, echogenicity, margin, internal component, microcalcification, and halo sign features were obtained in the B-mode, while the vascularity pattern, resistive index (RI), peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and peak systolic/end diastolic velocity ratio (SDR) were determined, based on Doppler ultrasounds. All significant features were incorporated in the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system to classify hot and cold nodules. RESULTS Among all sonographic features, only isthmus thickness, nodule volume, echogenicity, RI, and SDR were significantly different between hot and cold nodules. Based on these features in the training dataset, the CAD system could classify hot and cold nodules with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.898. Also, in the test dataset, hot and cold nodules were classified with an AUC of 0.833. CONCLUSIONS 2D sonographic features could differentiate hot and cold thyroid nodules. The CAD system showed a great potential to achieve it automatically. KEY POINTS • Cold nodules represent higher volume (p = 0.005), isthmus thickness (p = 0.035), RI (p = 0.020), and SDR (p = 0.044) and appear hypoechogenic (p = 0.010) in US. • Nodule volume with an AUC of 0.685 and resistive index with an AUC of 0.628 showed the highest classification potential among all B-mode and Doppler features respectively. • The proposed CAD system could distinguish hot nodules from cold ones with an AUC of 0.833 (sensitivity 90.00%, specificity 70.00%, accuracy 80.00%, PPV 87.50%, and NPV 75.00%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbasian Ardakani
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hekmat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aylin Tahmasebi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Malekzadeh M, Abbasi-Rad S, Shahgholi M, Naghdi P, Hoseini MS, Yazdi NA, Shiran MB, Rad HS. Design and Validation of Synchronous QCT Calibration Phantom: Practical Methodology. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2018; 50:157-162. [PMID: 30777238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can supplement dual x-ray absorptiometry by enabling geometric and compartmental bone assessments. Whole-body spiral CT scanners are widely available and require a short scanning time of seconds, in contrast to peripheral QCT scanners, which require several minutes of scanning time. This study designed and evaluated the accuracy and precision of a homemade QCT calibration phantom using a whole-body spiral CT scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS The QCT calibration phantom consisted of K2HPO4 solutions as reference. The reference material with various concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 1000, and 1200 mg/cc of K2HPO4 in water were used. For designing the phantom, we used the ABAQUS software. RESULTS The phantoms were used for performance assessment of QCT method through measurement of accuracy and precision errors, which were generally less than 5.1% for different concentrations. The correlation between CT numbers and concentration were close to one (R2 = 0.99). DISCUSSION Because whole-body spiral CT scanners allow central bone densitometry, evaluating the accuracy and precision for the easy to use calibration phantom may improve the QCT bone densitometry test. CONCLUSION This study provides practical directions for applying a homemade calibration phantom for bone mineral density quantification in QCT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malakeh Malekzadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abbasi-Rad
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Shahgholi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Parisa Naghdi
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sadat Hoseini
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (ADIR) Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saligheh Rad
- Quantitative Medical Imaging Systems Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Beik J, Shiran MB, Abed Z, Shiri I, Ghadimi-Daresajini A, Farkhondeh F, Ghaznavi H, Shakeri-Zadeh A. Gold nanoparticle-induced sonosensitization enhances the antitumor activity of ultrasound in colon tumor-bearing mice. Med Phys 2018; 45:4306-4314. [PMID: 30043986 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As a noninvasive and nonionizing radiation, ultrasound can be focused remotely, transferring acoustic energy deep in the body, thereby addressing the penetration depth barrier of the light-based therapies. In cancer therapy, the effectiveness of ultrasound can be enhanced by utilizing nanomaterials that exhibit sonosensitizing properties called as nanosonosensitizers. The gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been recently presented as a potent nanosonosensitizer with the potential to simultaneously enhance both the thermal and mechanical interactions of ultrasound with the tissue of the human body. Accordingly, this paper attempts to evaluate the in vivo antitumor efficiency of ultrasound in combination with AuNP. METHODS BALB/c mice-bearing CT26 colorectal tumor model was intraperitoneally injected with AuNPs and then subjected to ultrasound irradiation (1 MHz; 2 W/cm2 ; 10 min) for three sessions. Furthermore, [18 F]FDG (2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-d-glucose) positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed and the radiomic features from different feature categorizes were extracted to quantify the tumors' phenotype. RESULTS The tumors were dramatically shrunk and the mice appeared healthy over 21 days of study span without the evidence of relapse. The animals treated with AuNP + ultrasound exhibited an obvious decline in tumor metabolic parameters such as standard uptake value (SUV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) compared to other treatment groups. CONCLUSION These findings support the use of AuNP as a potent sonosensitizing agent with the potential to use the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound so as to cause damage to the focused tumor site, resulting in an improved antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Beik
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziaeddin Abed
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Isaac Shiri
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghadimi-Daresajini
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Farkhondeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZaUMS), Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Ardakani AA, Mohammadzadeh A, Yaghoubi N, Ghaemmaghami Z, Reiazi R, Jafari AH, Hekmat S, Shiran MB, Bitarafan-Rajabi A. Predictive quantitative sonographic features on classification of hot and cold thyroid nodules. Eur J Radiol 2018; 101:170-177. [PMID: 29571793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the potentiality of ultrasound imaging to classify hot and cold thyroid nodules on the basis of textural and morphological analysis. METHODS In this research, 42 hypo (hot) and 42 hyper-function (cold) thyroid nodules were evaluated through the proposed method of computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system. To discover the difference between hot and cold nodules, 49 sonographic features (9 morphological, 40 textural) were extracted. A support vector machine classifier was utilized for the classification of LNs based on their extracted features. RESULTS In the training set data, a combination of morphological and textural features represented the best performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.992. Upon testing the data set, the proposed model could classify the hot and cold thyroid nodules with an AUC of 0.948. CONCLUSIONS CAD method based on textural and morphological features is capable of distinguishing between hot from cold nodules via 2-Dimensional sonography. Therefore, it can be used as a supplementary technique in daily clinical practices to improve the radiologists' understanding of conventional ultrasound imaging for nodules characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbasian Ardakani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Radiology, Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Yaghoubi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghaemmaghami
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Reiazi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Core, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Jafari
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hekmat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Bitarafan-Rajabi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Shiran MB, Barzegar Marvasti M, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Shahidi M, Tabkhi N, Farkhondeh F, Kalantar E, Asadinejad A. Enhancement of Toxic Substances Clearance from Blood Equvalent Solution and Human Whole Blood through High Flux Dialyzer by 1 MHz Ultrasound. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:107-116. [PMID: 28580332 PMCID: PMC5447247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodialysis is a process of removing waste and excess fluid from blood when kidneys cannot function efficiently. It often involves diverting blood to the filter of the dialysis machin to be cleared of toxic substances. Fouling of pores in dialysis membrane caused by adhesion of plasma protein and other toxins will reduce the efficacy of the filtre. OBJECTIVE In This study, the influence of pulsed ultrasound waves on diffusion and the prevention of fouling in the filter membrane were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pulsed ultrasound waves with frequency of 1 MHz at an intensity of 1 W/cm2 was applied to the high flux (PES 130) filter. Blood and blood equivalent solutions were passed through the filter in separate experimental setups. The amount of Creatinine, Urea and Inulin cleared from both blood equvalent solution and human whole blood passed through High Flux (PES 130) filter were measured in the presence and absence of ultrasound irradiation. Samples were taken from the outlet of the dialyzer every five minutes and the clearance of each constituent was calculated. RESULTS Statistical analysis of the blood equvalent solution and whole blood indicated the clearance of Urea and Inulin in the presence of ultrasound increased (p<0.05), while no significant effects were observed for Creatinine. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that ultrasound, as a mechanical force, can increase the rate of clearance of some toxins (such as middle and large molecules) in the hemodialysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Shiran
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Barzegar Marvasti
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shakeri-Zadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shahidi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Tabkhi
- Company of Samin Teb Soroush (Smart), Tehran, Iran
| | - F Farkhondeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Janati Esfahani A, Mahdavi SR, Shiran MB, Khoei S. The Role of Radiofrequency Hyperthermia in The Radiosensitization of A Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Cell J 2017; 19:86-95. [PMID: 28580312 PMCID: PMC5448328 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated enhanced induced DNA damages and apoptosis of a
spheroid culture of DU145 prostate cancer cells treated by a combination of radiofrequency
hyperthermia (RF HT) with radiation treatment (RT) from an external radiotherapy
machine compared to RT alone.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, DU145 cells were cultured as spheroids
until they reached 300 µm in diameter. We exposed these cultures to either: RF HT for 90 minutes
at 43˚C originated from a Celsius TCS system, RF HT followed by RT at doses of 2 Gy
or 4 Gy (15 MV energy) with 15-minute interval, or RT alone at the above mentioned doses.
The trypan blue exclusion assay, alkaline comet assay, and annexin V/PI flow cytometry
were performed to measure cell viability, the amount of DNA damage in an individual cell
as the tail moment, and percentage of induced cell apoptosis in response to treatments
explained.
Results We calculated the thermal enhancement factor (TEF) for the combined treatment
regime. RF HT followed by the 4 Gy dose of RT resulted in minimum viability (85.33
± 1.30%), the highest tail moment (1.98 ± 0.18), and highest percentage of apoptotic cells
(64.48 ± 3.40%) compared to the other treatments. The results of the TEF assay were
2.54 from the comet assay and 2.33 according to flow cytometry.
Conclusion The present data suggest that combined treatment of mega voltage X-rays
and RF HT can result in significant radiosensitization of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Janati Esfahani
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samideh Khoei
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Mahdavi SR, Janati Esfahani A, Shiran MB, Khoei S, Estiri N. Enhanced DNA Damages of Human Prostate Cancer Cells Induced by Radiofrequency Capacitive Hyperthermia Pre- and Post X-rays: 6 MV versus 15 MV. Cell J 2017; 19:79-85. [PMID: 28580311 PMCID: PMC5448316 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF)
capacitive hyperthermia (HT) on radiosensivity of human prostate cancer cells pre and
post X-ray radiation treatment (RT).
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the human prostate cancer cell line
DU145 was cultured as 300 µm diameter spheroids. We divided the spheroids into group I:
control, group II: HT at 43˚C for 30 minutes (HT), group III: 4 Gy irradiation with 6 MV X-ray [RT
(6 MV)], group IV: 4 Gy irradiation with 15 MV X-ray [RT (15 MV)], group V: HT+RT (6 MV),
group VI: HT+RT (15 MV), group VII: RT (6 MV)+HT, and group VIII: RT (15 MV)+HT. The alkaline
comet assay was used to assess DNA damages in terms of tail moment (TM). Thermal
enhancement factor (TEF) was obtained for the different treatment combinations.
Results Mean TM increased with increasing photon energy. Group II had significantly greater TM compared to group I. Groups III and IV also had significantly higher TM
compared to group I. Significant differences in TM existed between groups V, VII, and III
(P<0.05). We observed significant differences in TM between groups VI, VIII, and IV. TEF
values demonstrated that enhanced response to radiation was more pronounced in group
V compared to the other combined treatments.
Conclusion Our results suggest that HT applied before RT leads to higher radiosensivity
compared to after RT. HT at 43˚C for 30 minutes added to 6 MV X-ray causes higher
enhancement of radiation compared to 15 MV X-ray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Janati Esfahani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shiran
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Estiri
- Department of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Abed Z, Beik J, Khoee S, Khoei S, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Shiran MB. Effects of Ultrasound Irradiation on the Release Profile of 5-fluorouracil from Magnetic Polylactic co-glycolic Acid Nanocapsules. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:183-194. [PMID: 27853726 PMCID: PMC5106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug nano-carriers are one of the most important tools for targeted cancer therapy so that undesired side effects of chemotherapy drugs are minimized. In this area, the use of ultrasound can be helpful in controlling drug release from nanoparticles to achieve higher treatment efficiency. OBJECTIVE Here, we studies the effects of ultrasound irradiation on the release profile of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) loaded magnetic poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocapsules. METHODS 5-Fu loaded magnetic PLGA nanocapsules were synthesized by multiple emulsification method. Particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The pattern of drug release was assessed with and without 3 MHz ultrasound waves at intensities of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 w/cm2 for exposure time of 5 and 10 min in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). RESULTS The size of nanoparticles was about 70 nm. Electron microscope images revealed the spherical shape of nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that the intensity and exposure time of ultrasound irradiation have significant effects on the profile of drug release from nanoparticles. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that the application of ultrasound to control the release profile of drug loaded nanocapsules would be a promising method to develop a controlled drug delivery strategy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Abed
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - J Beik
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Khoee
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Khoei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shakeri-Zadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - M B Shiran
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Mehrpour M, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Basir P, Jamei B, Ghaheri H, Shiran MB. Effects of Low-Intensity Continuous Ultrasound on Hematological Parameters of Rats. J Biomed Phys Eng 2016; 6:195-200. [PMID: 27853727 PMCID: PMC5106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low intensity ultrasound (US) has some well-known bio-effects which are of great importance to be considered. Objective: We conducted the present study to investigate the effects of low intensity continuous ultrasound on blood cells count in rat. METHODS Rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected before US exposure. Then, they were exposed to US with nominal intensity of 0.2 W/cm2 at frequency of 3 MHz for a period of 10 minutes and this protocol was repeated for 7 days. Twenty four hours after the last US exposure, secondary blood samples were collected and the changes in blood parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Analysis revealed that platelets, hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin (HGB) were significantly different between experimental and sham groups but no difference between sham and control groups was observed. The results show that HCT and HGB of exposed rats were significantly reduced. Conclusion: This study shows that low intensity US may lead to side effects for hematological parameters such as reduction in the levels of HGB and HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mehrpour
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran ; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shakeri-Zadeh
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - P Basir
- Medical Students' Research Committee, Faculty of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - B Jamei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - H Ghaheri
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M B Shiran
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran ; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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17
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Shafaei H, Esfandiari E, Esmaeili A, Razavi S, Hashemibeni B, Nasr Esfahani MH, Shiran MB, Isfahani SHZ, Mardani M. Optimizing a novel method for low intensity ultrasound in chondrogenesis induction. Adv Biomed Res 2013; 2:79. [PMID: 24520547 PMCID: PMC3908492 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.120867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaline cartilage tissue of joints is susceptible to injuries due to avascularity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used for cartilage tissue engineering. Among MSCs, adipose stem cells (ASCs) are attractive because of accessibility, their large number, and rapid growth. Common in vitro protocols successfully induce chondrogenic differentiation by expression of multiple cartilage-specific molecules. However, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) promotes chondrogenesis to terminal stages. Despite much attention being given to the influences of biochemical factors on chondrogenesis of MSCs, few studies have examined the chondrogenic effect of mechanical factors such as ultrasound as a feasible tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we focused on inducing chondrogenesis in the early stages of differentiation by using low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS). Four groups of ASC pellets (control, ultrasound, TGFβ, and ultrasound/TGF) were cultured under chondrogenic (10 ng/ml of TGFβ3) and ultrasound conditions (200 mW/cm(2), 10 min/day). After 2 weeks, differentiation was evaluated by histology, quantitative gene expression analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that ultrasound differentiated pellets showed increased expression of early chondrogenesis marker, Col2A, than those in TGFβ groups (P < 0.001), and Col2B and Col10 expression were more prominent in TGFβ groups. Immunostaining of sections showed Col2 fibrils around lacuna in LIUS and TGFβ treated groups. CONCLUSION Using LIUS resulted in early chondrogenesis in comparison with terminally differentiated chondrocytes by TGFβ. Therefore, LIUS might provide an applicable, safe, efficient, and cheap tool for chondrogenic differentiation of ASCs in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Batool Hashemibeni
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Mardani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ghadiri H, Ay MR, Shiran MB, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Zaidi H. K-edge ratio method for identification of multiple nanoparticulate contrast agents by spectral CT imaging. Br J Radiol 2013; 86:20130308. [PMID: 23934964 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently introduced energy-sensitive X-ray CT makes it feasible to discriminate different nanoparticulate contrast materials. The purpose of this work is to present a K-edge ratio method for differentiating multiple simultaneous contrast agents using spectral CT. METHODS The ratio of two images relevant to energy bins straddling the K-edge of the materials is calculated using an analytic CT simulator. In the resulting parametric map, the selected contrast agent regions can be identified using a thresholding algorithm. The K-edge ratio algorithm is applied to spectral images of simulated phantoms to identify and differentiate up to four simultaneous and targeted CT contrast agents. RESULTS We show that different combinations of simultaneous CT contrast agents can be identified by the proposed K-edge ratio method when energy-sensitive CT is used. In the K-edge parametric maps, the pixel values for biological tissues and contrast agents reach a maximum of 0.95, whereas for the selected contrast agents, the pixel values are larger than 1.10. The number of contrast agents that can be discriminated is limited owing to photon starvation. For reliable material discrimination, minimum photon counts corresponding to 140 kVp, 100 mAs and 5-mm slice thickness must be used. CONCLUSION The proposed K-edge ratio method is a straightforward and fast method for identification and discrimination of multiple simultaneous CT contrast agents. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE A new spectral CT-based algorithm is proposed which provides a new concept of molecular CT imaging by non-iteratively identifying multiple contrast agents when they are simultaneously targeting different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ghadiri
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shafaei H, Esmaeili A, Mardani M, Razavi S, Hashemibeni B, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Shiran MB, Esfandiari E. Effects of human placental serum on proliferation and morphology of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 46:1464-71. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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