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Helmi M, Aldawood A, AlOtaibi M, Alnasser E, AlSubaie A, Aldosari M. Oral health status among recreational cannabis (marijuana and hashish) users in the USA: A NHANES-based cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:596-602. [PMID: 38690380 PMCID: PMC11056424 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As of November 2023, twenty-four states, two territories, and DC have legalized marijuana for non-medical use, leading to concerns about its potential oral health effects. This study investigated the association between marijuana use and clinical dental outcomes among adults in the US. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 using a cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized US civilians. Marijuana use was assessed among 18-59-year-old adults and categorized as never, former, or current frequent use. The dental outcomes included the prevalence of untreated coronal caries, root caries, and missing teeth. We employed logistic and negative binomial regressions to assess the crude and adjusted associations between marijuana use, dental caries, and tooth loss. Results Of the 6,424 participants, 13.85% of US adults aged 18-59 years were current frequent marijuana users (21.67 million), with the highest prevalence among 18-29-year-olds (21.31%), males (17.54%), and non-Hispanic Black individuals (21.31%). Frequent marijuana users showed the highest prevalence of untreated coronal caries (33.4%). Before adjusting for socioeconomic confounders, current frequent marijuana users had 1.76 times higher odds of having teeth with coronal caries, whereas former frequent users had 1.47 times higher odds. However, the associations between marijuana use and all dental outcomes were attenuated after adjusting for socioeconomic confounders, tobacco use, and access to dental care. Conclusion Although marijuana use was associated with worse dental health, socioeconomic factors, tobacco use, and access to dental care were more significant contributors to the prevalence of untreated dental caries and missing teeth than marijuana use alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Helmi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik Aldawood
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlOtaibi
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Alnasser
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muath Aldosari
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Helmi M. Knowledge and application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy among restorative dentist in Saudi Arabia. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103679. [PMID: 37380113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to identify the restorative dentist, knowledge and application of Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dental practice; and to provide an overview of the potential challenges faced by restorative dentists (RD) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A 15-item cross sectional study questionnaire was distributed through online portal to assess the knowledge, and practice of RD towards aPDT and its practice. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections, exploring the demographics of participants, knowledge, application and perception of aPDT using yes/no response and Likert scale. Response means, frequencies, and chi-square tests to compare subgroups based on gender, education level, and practice experience. RESULTS Out of 500 participants, 375 completed the survey forms (75% response rate). The majority was male (68%) with a mean age of 46 years. Respondents demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (60.5%). Only 33% expressed confidence in aPDT as a standalone treatment, while 67% showed limited referrals to specialists. However, 88.5% expressed interest in receiving training and attending workshops for aPDT therapy. Education and experience significantly influenced overall knowledge question responses (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Majority of restorative dentists demonstrated a moderate understanding of the role of aPDT in dentistry. More than two thirds of respondents (77%) believed that aPDT is an effective adjuvant therapy. Increased experience (> 10 years) and education (Post-graduates) showed higher application of aPDT. The study reveals the potential for incorporating aPDT knowledge into restorative dental practices, particularly among general dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Helmi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Alzoman H, Alssum L, Helmi M, Alsaleh L. Relationship between Hormonal Changes and Self-Perceived Halitosis in Females: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010043. [PMID: 36611503 PMCID: PMC9818922 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a growing concern for patients seeking dental treatment. Women experience hormonal changes throughout different phases of their life. These changes may affect volatile organic compound (VOC) production and can be linked to halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal changes on self-perceived halitosis in a sample of females using a self-administered questionnaire. This study used a cross-sectional observational design. The questionnaire was distributed electronically through Google forms. A total of 1089 participants completed the questionnaire. Almost 50% of participants were below the age of 25; and 12% were of menopausal age (defined as 45 years and older). Most participants reported having regular menstrual cycles (63.5%) while only 20% reported having hormonal disturbances. Almost 62% of the sample reported that they notice halitosis on themselves with 27.6% indicating their perception of halitosis occurred at different times of the month. Around 12% of the sample thought that a relationship between halitosis and their menstrual cycle existed with 4.6% reporting halitosis during menstruation. The present study found that regularity of menstrual cycle and hormonal disturbances can affect females' self-perceived halitosis and the prevalence of oral health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Alssum
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-506975695
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alsaleh
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Helmi M, Albagieh HN, Alrasheed RS, Aldosary RM, Alsulaim TM. Contamination level of unused gloves in King Saud University dental clinics. Medical Science 2022. [DOI: 10.54905/disssi/v26i119/ms28e2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Alshami AA, Sawan NM, Alhamed SA, Helmi M, Mustafa OSE, Alsagob EI. Shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement following photodynamic therapy, Er,Cr:YSGG and chlorhexidine in hypoplastic primary teeth. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102593. [PMID: 34673269 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the micro shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) bonded to hypoplastic teeth after the application of chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Er;Cr:YSGG and methylene blue mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT). METHODS A total sample of 60 erupted and extracted hypoplastic teeth collected from < 16 years children were subjected to different conditioning protocols including control group that involved bonding of hypoplastic teeth with RMGIC; CHX and NaOCl groups that included hypoplastic enamel being treated with 0.2% CHX and 2% NaOCl solution for 30 s followed by rinsing and drying for 5 s, MB-PDT group involved methylene blue photosensitizer and Er,Cr:YSGG group. All specimens were processed for microshear bond strength in a universal tester. The fractured surface was examined using a stereomicroscope at 40 × magnification and categorized under adhesive, cohesive and mixed. RESULTS The highest microshear bond strength was noted for the control group (∼29 MPa). Whereas the specimens conditioned by NaOCl showed the lowest microshear bond strength (∼17 MPa). Among the treatment groups, APDT showed the highest bond strength values (∼22 MPa) as compared to chemical disinfection protocols. However, Er, Cr:YSGG showed slightly lower microshear bond strength as compared to APDT. No significant difference was noted between CHX and NaOCl groups (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference when all the groups were compared together (p < 0.05). Microscopic analysis revealed that specimens bonded after APDT showed the highest adhesive failures (70%). The highest cohesive failures were seen in NaOCl group (40%). The mixed type of failures was seen in the control groups with none appearing for chemical disinfection protocols. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that APDT could be a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the microshear bond strength of RMGIC to hypoplastic enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Alshami
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nozha M Sawan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa A Alhamed
- Diagnostic Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eman I Alsagob
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Aldegheishem A, AlDeeb M, Al-Ahdal K, Helmi M, Alsagob EI. Influence of Reinforcing Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Resin: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183083. [PMID: 34577983 PMCID: PMC8470293 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the influence of fillers in denture base resin is vague. This systematic review aimed to report the reinforcing effect of fillers on the mechanical properties of denture base resin by following PRISMA guidelines. Two electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline & Web of Science) were searched for articles using the keywords: fibers in denture base, fillers in denture base, and reinforcement of denture base. Laboratory studies complying with the inclusion criteria were reviewed according to the set protocol. The established focus question was: "Do reinforcing fillers positively influence the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) heat polymerized denture base material?" A total of twenty-nine relevant papers qualified for final inclusion. Of these, 24 were determined to have a moderate risk of bias. Micron or nano-sized metal/metal oxides particles and glass fibers were the frequently used reinforcing agents. The trend of evaluating fractural strength (FS) was common. Most of the studies limited the use of reinforcing agents up to 5 wt.%. FS, fracture toughness (FT), and impact strength (IS) tend to increase if the fillers are chemically bonded and well-dispersed in denture base resin. Though fillers with a higher elastic modulus increase the hardness of the reinforced denture base resin, they compromise other mechanical properties. Well-dispersed lower filler loading PMMA denture base resin can enhance the FS, FT, and other related mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhanoof Aldegheishem
- Clinical Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Modhi AlDeeb
- Department of Prosthodontic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khold Al-Ahdal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman I. Alsagob
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-555-178-877
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Mohamed WE, Abou El Fadl RK, Thabet RA, Helmi M, Kamal SH. Iron deficiency anaemia and early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study. Aust Dent J 2021; 66 Suppl 1:S27-S36. [PMID: 33840096 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the association between iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and dental caries in early childhood. METHODS A total of 40 children with proven IDA and another 40 healthy age and sex-matched children were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Legal guardians were interviewed to collect data on oral hygiene measures and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements were performed for all participants, and blood samples were collected to assess complete blood count and body iron status. Patients were confirmed to have IDA based on haemoglobin level (Hb), red blood cells indices and body iron status. Caries experience was determined based on the number of decayed, missing and filled primary teeth using dmft index. RESULTS A statistically significant negative correlation between dmft index scores and haemoglobin level (r = -0.454, P < 0.001) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) level (r = -0.380, P = 0.001) was detected, and in accordance there was a positive statistically significant correlation between caries experience and the presence of anaemia (r = -0.60, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In early childhood, dental caries might coexist with IDA even in its mildest form. All children exhibiting severe early childhood caries should be investigated for IDA and anaemia should be managed if present.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R K Abou El Fadl
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,MPH, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R A Thabet
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Helmi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S H Kamal
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Egyptian Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Aldosari M, Helmi M, Kennedy EN, Badamia R, Odani S, Agaku I, Vardavas C. Depression, periodontitis, caries and missing teeth in the USA, NHANES 2009-2014. Fam Med Community Health 2020; 8:fmch-2020-000583. [PMID: 33303491 PMCID: PMC7733179 DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2020-000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported depressive symptoms and oral diseases in US adults, including periodontitis, caries, missing teeth and untreated dental caries. Design This study was designed as a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey. We conducted descriptive, multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analyses on weighted data. Setting US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014 data. Participants Individuals aged ≥30 years who completed a periodontal examination and depression screening (n=9799). Results 21.6% (28.9 million) of adults aged ≥30 years reported depressive symptoms, with a higher prevalence among females, current smokers and participants with lower income and education status. More than half of the adults with moderate depressive symptoms had periodontal diseases, and more than one-third had teeth with untreated dental caries. After adjusting for sociodemographics, behavioural factors, having diabetes and psychotherapeutic medication use, depressive symptoms were associated with poorer oral health. Severe depressive symptoms were associated with higher odds of mild periodontitis (2.20; 99% CI 1.03 to 4.66). For those with mild depressive symptoms, the mean number of missing teeth was 1.20 (99% CI 1.06 to 1.37) times the average of non-symptomatic individuals; and 1.38 times (99% CI 1.15 to 1.66) among individuals with moderate depressive symptoms. Conclusions Depressive symptoms were associated with mild periodontitis and a greater number of missing teeth, while having teeth with untreated dental caries was attributed to sociodemographic factors. Awareness of oral health status among patients with depressive symptoms can inform both dental and mental health providers to develop tailored treatment and help patients achieve overall wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath Aldosari
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erinne N Kennedy
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Kansas City University College of Dental Medicine, Joplin, Missouri, USA
| | - Riddhi Badamia
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satomi Odani
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Israel Agaku
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Constantine Vardavas
- Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Helmi M, Goodson JM, Hasturk H, Natto ZS. Annual alveolar bone loss in subjects with cardiovascular disease adjusting for associated systemic diseases and risk factors: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:28. [PMID: 32000769 PMCID: PMC6993352 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To detect annual alveolar bone loss in subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) adjusting for associated systemic diseases and risk factors. Methods A total number of 132 subjects that reported having CVD from 2008 to 2015 (N = 132). For longitudinal data analysis, 58 subjects eligible for inclusion with at least two exposures of complete mouth set or repeated BW radiographs with at least one-year interval compared with a control group. Alveolar bone level on mesial and distal sites of posterior teeth was measured on bitewing (BW) radiographs available in the electronic health records of each subject. Results Subjects who reported having cardiovascular diseases experienced higher annual mean alveolar bone loss (0.062 mm per year) compared to Subjects with no cardiovascular diseases (0.022 mm per year). Conclusion Subjects who have reported CVD had higher rate of annual bone loss compared to subjects who did not have any CVD. This observation indicates that targeting high-risk individuals for risk assessment is fundamental to provide the best healthcare possible to those who are the most in need. Periodic examination and assessment of periodontal health is an essential key factor for better oral health, however, it has to be more emphasized and prioritized for individuals that are more prone to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Helmi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Max Goodson
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zuhair S Natto
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.BOX 40311, Jeddah, 21499, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Helmi M, AlDosari M, Tavares M. Phentolamine Mesylate May be a Safe and Effective Option to Reduce Discomfort and Time to Recovery After Dental Care With Local Anesthesia. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2018; 18:181-184. [PMID: 29747805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Effectiveness and safety of phentolamine mesylate in routine dental care. Daubländer M, Liebaug F, Niedeggen G, Theobald K, Kürzinger M-L. J Am Dent Assoc 2017; 148(3):149-56. SOURCE OF FUNDING The study was funded by Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Berlin, Germany TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Two study designs were used: a prospective noninterventional, postauthorization efficacy (controlled observational) study, and a prospective noninterventional uncontrolled observational study.
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11
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Helmi M, Spinella MK, Seymour B. Community water fluoridation online: an analysis of the digital media ecosystem. J Public Health Dent 2018; 78:296-305. [PMID: 29603251 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research demonstrates the safety and efficacy of community water fluoridation (CWF). Yet, the digitization of communication has triggered the spread of inaccurate information online. The purpose of this study was to analyze patterns of CWF information dissemination by a network of sources on the web. METHODS We used Media Cloud, a searchable big data platform of over 550 million stories from 50 thousand sources, along with tools to analyze that archive. We generated a network of fluoridation publishers using Media Cloud's keyword identification from August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2016. We defined the media type and sentiment toward CWF for each source and generated a network map of the most influential sources during our study period based on hyperlinking activity. RESULTS Media Cloud detected a total of 980 stories from 325 different sources related to water fluoridation. We identified nine different media types participating in the dissemination of information: academic, government, scientific group, natural medicine, blogs, mainstream media, advocacy groups, user-generated (e.g., YouTube), and "other." We detected five sub-networks within the overall fluoridation network map, each with its own characteristics. Twenty-one percent of sources were pro-fluoridation, receiving 57 percent of all inlinks, 22 percent of sources were anti-fluoridation, and the rest were neutral (54 percent). CONCLUSIONS The dominant neutral sentiment of the network may signify that anti- and pro-sides of the debate are viewed as balanced, not just in number but also in quality of information. Despite high inlinks to pro-sources, anti-fluoridation sentiment maintains influence online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Helmi
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA.,King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary Kate Spinella
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Seymour
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Getman R, Helmi M, Roberts H, Yansane A, Cutler D, Seymour B. Vaccine Hesitancy and Online Information: The Influence of Digital Networks. Health Educ Behav 2017; 45:599-606. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198117739673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims. This article analyzes the digital childhood vaccination information network for vaccine-hesitant parents. The goal of this study was to explore the structure and influence of vaccine-hesitant content online by generating a database and network analysis of vaccine-relevant content. Method. We used Media Cloud, a searchable big-data platform of over 550 million stories from 50,000 media sources, for quantitative and qualitative study of an online media sample based on keyword selection. We generated a hyperlink network map and measured indegree centrality of the sources and vaccine sentiment for a random sample of 450 stories. Results. 28,122 publications from 4,817 sources met inclusion criteria. Clustered communities formed based on shared hyperlinks; communities tended to link within, not among, each other. The plurality of information was provaccine (46.44%, 95% confidence interval [39.86%, 53.20%]). The most influential sources were in the health community (National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) or mainstream media ( New York Times); some user-generated sources also had strong influence and were provaccine (Wikipedia). The vaccine-hesitant community rarely interacted with provaccine content and simultaneously used primary provaccine content within vaccine-hesitant narratives. Conclusion. The sentiment of the overall conversation was consistent with scientific evidence. These findings demonstrate an online environment where scientific evidence online drives vaccine information outside of the vaccine-hesitant community but is also prominently used and misused within the robust vaccine-hesitant community. Future communication efforts should take current context into account; more information may not prevent vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Getman
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Northeastern University College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alfa Yansane
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Helmi M, Gommers D, Groeneveld ABJ. A review of the hemodynamic effects of external leg and lower body compression. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:355-365. [PMID: 24002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND External leg and lower body compression (ELC) has been used for decades in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis and the treatment of leg ischemia. Because of systemic effects, the methods have regained interest in anesthesia, surgery and critical care. This review intends to summarize hemodynamic effects and their mechanisms. METHODS Compilation of relevant literature published in English as full paper and retrieved from Medline. RESULTS By compressing veins, venous stasis is diminished and venous return and arterial blood flow are increased. ELC has been suggested to improve systemic hemodynamics, in different clinical settings, such as postural hypotension, anesthesia, surgery, shock, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation. However, the hemodynamic alterations depend upon the magnitude, extent, cycle, duration and thus the modality of ELC, when applied in a static or intermittent fashion (by pneumatic inflation), respectively. CONCLUSION ELC may help future research and optimizing treatment of hemodynamically unstable, surgical or critically ill patients, independent of plasma volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helmi
- Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands -
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Helmi M, Gommers D. Less invasive mechanical ventilation strategies in ARDS: the future? Acta Med Indones 2013; 45:329-336. [PMID: 24448340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The last very-successful management of mechanical ventilation was in 2000 when application of low tidal volume and moderate pressure was introduced. It was then followed by the open- and baby-lung concept in order to open up the lung and keep the lung open. However, these strategies are followed with several adverse effects. Therefore, studies were performed in order to improve the outcome of mechanical ventilation with less invasive strategy. This review aims to summarize recent concept of less invasive mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Helmi
- Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Almuneef MA, Memish ZA, Balkhy HH, Otaibi B, Helmi M. Seroprevalence survey of varicella, measles, rubella, and hepatitis A and B viruses in a multinational healthcare workforce in Saudi Arabia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:1178-83. [PMID: 17080374 DOI: 10.1086/508826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of the vaccine-preventable diseases caused by varicella, measles, rubella, and hepatitis A and B viruses in a multinational healthcare workforce. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A 750-bed tertiary care center located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS In compliance with hospital policy, newly recruited healthcare workers (HCWs) were enrolled in the study from September 2001 to March 2005. Serum samples were collected from all HCWs during the initial hiring process and tested for IgG antibodies against each of the 5 viral agents. Nonimmune HCWs were subsequently vaccinated at the earliest opportunity. RESULTS A total of 4,006 newly hired (international and local) employees were included in the study. All underwent serologic testing for IgG antibodies against varicella, measles, rubella, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B viruses. Of the total, 63% were female and 37% were male. Middle Eastern employees comprised 47% of the total, followed by employees from the Far East (35%), the West (10%), and Africa (8%). Forty-two percent were nurses, 27% were in administration, 18% were medical technicians, and 13% were physicians. Among the 4,006 newly hired HCWs, 14% had negative IgG antibody test results for varicella virus, 13% for measles virus, 10% for rubella virus, 33% for hepatitis A virus, and 43% for hepatitis B virus. More women than men were susceptible to hepatitis A (40% vs. 24%; P<.001), whereas more men were susceptible to hepatitis B (55% vs. 35%; P<.001). Varicella susceptibility was more common among HCWs from the Far East (19%), whereas susceptibility to measles, rubella, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B was highest among HCWs from the Middle East. Both relative youth and male sex were associated with lack of antibodies against hepatitis B virus and rubella virus. In contrast, female sex and younger age were associated with lack of antibodies against hepatitis A virus (P<.001). CONCLUSION Seroprevalence surveys of vaccine-preventable diseases among HCWs, although labor intensive, are invaluable in caring for a multinational workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Almuneef
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City-King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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