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Gopisetty MK, Adamecz DI, Nagy FI, Baji Á, Lathira V, Szabó MR, Gáspár R, Csont T, Frank É, Kiricsi M. Androstano-arylpyrimidines: Novel small molecule inhibitors of MDR1 for sensitizing multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105587. [PMID: 33039566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the numerous physiological functions of MDR1, it is widely known for its role in granting multidrug resistance to cancer cells. This ATP-driven transmembrane protein exports a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents from cancer cells, thereby deterring drugs to reach effective intracellular concentrations. Thus, inhibition of MDR1 expression or function would be a viable option to enhance the accumulation of cytotoxic agents in cancer cells which in turn could improve significantly the success rate of chemotherapy. Although, several pharmacological inhibitors have been designed and tested in the past, due to their unsuccessful translation to clinical application, there is still ongoing research to find suitable compounds to manipulate MDR1 function and potentially overturn multidrug resistance. In the present study, we demonstrate that novel DHT-derived A-ring-fused arylpyrimidinone derivatives, based on their acetylation status, can inhibit MDR1 efflux activity in MDR1 overexpressing multidrug-resistant breast adenocarcinoma cells. Strikingly, all derivatives carrying an acetoxy group on the sterane d-ring were highly potent in hindering Rhodamine 123 export via MDR1, however deacetylated molecules were not capable to exert a similar effect on multidrug resistant cancer cells. The possible molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the efflux pump inhibiting function of acetylated derivatives were dissected using the most potent MDR1 inhibitor, compound 10g and its deacetylated counterpart (11g). Importantly, molecule 10g was able to sensitize drug resistant cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, further verifying the highly advantageous nature of efflux pump inhibition upon chemotherapy. Our experiments also revealed that neither mitochondrial damage, nor MDR1 gene regulation could lay behind the MDR1 inhibitory function of compound 10g. Molecular docking studies were carried out to analyze the interactions of 10g and 11g with MDR1, however no significant differences in their binding properties were observed. Nevertheless, our results indicate that the ER stress inducing potential of molecule 10g might be the fundamental mechanism behind its inhibitory action on MDR1. With additional studies, our work can yield a structural platform for a new generation of small molecule MDR1 inhibitors to sensitize drug resistant cancer cells and at the same time it elucidates the exemplary involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the molecular events to defeat multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohana Krishna Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Izabella Adamecz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc István Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Baji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Vasiliki Lathira
- School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Márton Richárd Szabó
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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Papp A, Horváth T, Igaz N, Gopisetty MK, Kiricsi M, Berkesi DS, Kozma G, Kónya Z, Wilhelm I, Patai R, Polgár TF, Bellák T, Tiszlavicz L, Razga Z, Vezér T. Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9939-9960. [PMID: 33376320 PMCID: PMC7765755 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s275937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-spherical titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been increasingly applied in various biomedical and technological fields. Their toxicological characterization is, however, less complete than that of roundish nanoparticles. Materials and Methods Anatase form TiO2 nanorods, ca. 15x65 nm in size, were applied to cultured astrocytes in vitro and to the airways of young adult Wistar rats in vivo in 5, 10, and 8 mg/kg BW dose for altogether 28 days. Presence of nanorods and cellular damage was investigated in the astrocytes and in rat lungs and kidneys. Functional damage of the nervous system was studied by electrophysiological methods. Results The treated astrocytes showed loss of viability without detectable apoptosis. In rats, TiO2 nanorods applied to the airways reached the blood and various organs including the lungs, kidneys, and the central nervous system. In lung and kidney samples, nanorods were observed within (partly damaged) phagolysosomes and attached to organelles, and apoptotic cell death was also detected. In cortical and peripheral electrophysiological activity, alterations corresponding to energy shortage (resulting possibly from mitochondrial damage) and astrocytic dysfunction were detected. Local titanium levels and relative weight of the investigated organs, apoptotic cell death in the lungs and kidneys, and changes in the central and peripheral nervous activity were mostly proportional to the applied doses, and viability loss of the cultured astrocytes was also dose-dependent, suggesting causal relationship of treatments and effects. Conclusion Based on localization of the visualized nanorods, on neuro-functional changes, and on literature data, the toxic mechanism involved mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death. These indicate potential human toxicity and occupational risk in case of exposure to rod-shaped TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Papp
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Horváth
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mohana Krishna Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Simon Berkesi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kozma
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Patai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ferenc Polgár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bellák
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Razga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tünde Vezér
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Abd Elhameed HAH, Ungor D, Igaz N, Gopisetty MK, Kiricsi M, Csapó E, Gyurcsik B. High Molecular Weight Poly(ethylenimine)-Based Water-Soluble Lipopolymer for Transfection of Cancer Cells. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000040. [PMID: 32449312 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, search for novel materials for nucleic acid delivery has prompted a special interest in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, the biological applicability of a water-soluble cationic lipopolymer (WSLP) obtained by the modification of high molecular weight branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with cholesteryl chloroformate is characterized and assessed for better cellular membrane permeability. To test the delivery efficiency of the produced lipopolymer, plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein and WSLP are mixed at different charge ratios. WSLP and WSLP/pDNA complexes are characterized by dynamic and static light scattering, particle charge detection, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The pDNA loading of WSLP is also verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cytotoxicity of PEI, WSLP, and of WSLP/pDNA is evaluated on human A549 and HeLa cells. A remarkable dependence of the toxicity on the dose, cholesterylation, and charge ratio is detected. Transfection is monitored by flow cytometry and by fluorescence microscopy. Importantly, cholesterylation decreases the toxicity of the polymer, while promoting high transfection efficiency in both cell lines. This work indicates a possible optimization mode of the high molecular weight PEI-based WSLP rendering it a promising candidate for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ditta Ungor
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mohana Krishna Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Edit Csapó
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Béla Gyurcsik
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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Mótyán G, Gopisetty MK, Kiss-Faludy RE, Kulmány Á, Zupkó I, Frank É, Kiricsi M. Anti-Cancer Activity of Novel Dihydrotestosterone-Derived Ring A-Condensed Pyrazoles on Androgen Non-Responsive Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092170. [PMID: 31052484 PMCID: PMC6539495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regioselective synthesis of novel ring A-fused arylpyrazoles of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was carried out in two steps under facile reaction conditions. Aldol condensation of DHT with acetaldehyde afforded a 2-ethylidene derivative regio- and stereo-selectively, which was reacted with different arylhydrazines in the presence of iodine via microwave-assisted oxidative cyclization reactions. The 17-keto analogs of steroidal pyrazoles were also synthesized by simple oxidation in order to enlarge the compound library available for pharmacological studies and to obtain structure–activity relationship. The antiproliferative activities of the structurally related heteroaromatic compounds were tested in vitro on human cervical and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and on two androgen-independent malignant prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC-3 and DU 145). Based on primary cytotoxicity screens and IC50 assessment, a structure-function relationship was identified, as derivatives carrying a hydroxyl group on C-17 exhibit stronger activity compared to the 17-one counterparts. Cancer cell selectivity of the derivatives was also determined using non-cancerous MRC-5 cells. Furthermore, the proapoptotic effects of some selected derivatives were verified on androgen therapy refractive p53-deficient PC-3 cells. The present study concludes that novel DHT-derived arylpyrazoles exert cancer cell specific antiproliferative activity and activate apoptosis in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Mótyán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mohana Krishna Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Réka Eleonóra Kiss-Faludy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Kulmány
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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Rónavári A, Igaz N, Gopisetty MK, Szerencsés B, Kovács D, Papp C, Vágvölgyi C, Boros IM, Kónya Z, Kiricsi M, Pfeiffer I. Biosynthesized silver and gold nanoparticles are potent antimycotics against opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and dermatophytes. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:695-703. [PMID: 29440895 PMCID: PMC5798539 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s152010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic observations indicate that the number of systemic fungal infections has increased significantly during the past decades, however in human mycosis, mainly cutaneous infections predominate, generating major public health concerns and providing much of the impetus for current attempts to develop novel and efficient agents against cutaneous mycosis causing species. Innovative, environmentally benign and economic nanotechnology-based approaches have recently emerged utilizing principally biological sources to produce nano-sized structures with unique antimicrobial properties. In line with this, our aim was to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by biological synthesis and to study the effect of the obtained nanoparticles on cutaneous mycosis causing fungi and on human keratinocytes. Methods Cell-free extract of the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma proved to be suitable for nanoparticle preparation and the generated AgNPs and AuNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and X-ray powder diffraction. Results Antifungal studies demonstrated that the biosynthesized silver particles were able to inhibit the growth of several opportunistic Candida or Cryptococcus species and were highly potent against filamentous Microsporum and Trichophyton dermatophytes. Among the tested species only Cryptococcus neoformans was susceptible to both AgNPs and AuNPs. Neither AgNPs nor AuNPs exerted toxicity on human keratinocytes. Conclusion Our results emphasize the therapeutic potential of such biosynthesized nanoparticles, since their biocompatibility to skin cells and their outstanding antifungal performance can be exploited for topical treatment and prophylaxis of superficial cutaneous mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Bettina Szerencsés
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged
| | - Dávid Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Csaba Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged
| | - Imre Miklós Boros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ilona Pfeiffer
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged
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Baji Á, Kiss T, Wölfling J, Kovács D, Igaz N, Gopisetty MK, Kiricsi M, Frank É. Multicomponent access to androstano-arylpyrimidines under microwave conditions and evaluation of their anti-cancer activity in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:79-88. [PMID: 28595942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel ring D- and A-fused pyrimidines in the androstane series were efficiently synthesized within 10-15min in polar protic solvents under microwave irradiation via two kinds of multicomponent heterocyclization reactions followed by spontaneous or promoted oxidation. The rates of the one-pot catalyst-free transformations of steroidal β-ketoaldehydes, ammonium acetate and substituted benzaldehydes in EtOH were found to be affected slightly by the steric and electronic feature of the substituents on the aromatic ring of the arylaldehyde component and the different reactivities of rings D and A of the sterane core. At the same time, the acid-catalyzed Biginelli-type reaction of dihydrotestosterone acetate, urea and arylaldehydes, and subsequent Jones oxidation of the primarily formed dihydropyrimidinones led to the corresponding ring A-fused 1H-pyrimidin-2-ones in moderate yields independently of the substituents on the aromatic moiety. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro on human cancer cell lines as well as on non-cancerous fibroblast cells by the MTT assay in order to investigate their biological effects. As a result of the pharmacological screen, a remarkable structure-function relationship has been observed as the acetylated Biginelli products exhibited higher toxicity compared to the deacetylated version of each compound. Furthermore, in case of three 2'-arylpyrimidine derivatives a strong prostate cancer cell specific activity has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Baji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Igaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mohana Krishna Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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