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Hamsan MH, Abdul Halim N, Demon SZN, Sa'aya NSN, Kadir MFZ, Abidin ZHZ, Ahmad Poad N, Abu Kasim NF, Razali NAM, Aziz SB, Ahmad KA, Miskon A, Nor NM. SCOBY-based bacterial cellulose as free standing electrodes for safer, greener and cleaner energy storage technology. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11048. [PMID: 36281392 PMCID: PMC9587280 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Cellulose (BC) derived from local market or symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) was employed as the polymer matrix for hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-OH)-based electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). Chitosan (CS)-sodium iodide (NaI)-glycerol (Gly) electrolyte systems were used as the polymer electrolyte. CS-NaI-Gly electrolyte possesses conductivity, potential stability and ionic transference number of (1.20 ± 0.26) × 10-3 S cm-2, 2.5 V and 0.99, respectively. For the electrodes, MWCNT-OH was observed to be well dispersed in the matrix of BC which was obtained via FESEM analysis. The inclusion of MWCNT-OH reduced the crystallinity of the BC polymeric structure. From EIS measurement, it was verified that the presence of MWCNT-OH decreased the electron transfer resistance of BC-based electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) showed that the shape of the CV plots changed to a rectangular-like shape plot as more MWCNT were added, thus verifying the capacitive behavior. Various amount of MWCNT-OH was used in the fabrication of the EDLC where it was discovered that more MWCNT-OH leads to a better EDLC performance. The EDLC was tested for 5000 complete charge-discharge cycles. The optimum performance of this low voltage EDLC was obtained with 0.1 g MWCNT where the average specific capacitance was 8.80 F g-1. The maximum power and energy density of the fabricated EDLC were 300 W kg-1 and 1.6 W h kg-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Hafiz Hamsan
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Norhana Abdul Halim
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia,Corresponding author.
| | - Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia,Centre for Tropicalization, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syahirah Nasuha Sa'aya
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fakhrul Zamani Kadir
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zul Hazrin Zainal Abidin
- Centre for Ionics Universiti Malaya (C.I.U.M.), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nursaadah Ahmad Poad
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amira Mamat Razali
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq,The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Khairol Amali Ahmad
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Norazman Mohamad Nor
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Hamsan MH, Halim NA, Demon SZN, Sa’aya NSN, Kadir MFZ, Abidin ZHZ, Poad NA, Kasim NFA, Razali NAM, Aziz SB, Ahmad KA, Miskon A, Nor NM. Multifunction Web-like Polymeric Network Bacterial Cellulose Derived from SCOBY as Both Electrodes and Electrolytes for Pliable and Low-Cost Supercapacitor. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153196. [PMID: 35956709 PMCID: PMC9371068 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, bacterial cellulose (BC)-based polymer derived from a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) are optimized as both electrodes and electrolytes to fabricate a flexible and free-standing supercapacitor. BC is a multifunction and versatile polymer. Montmorillonite (MMT) and sodium bromide (NaBr) are used to improve mechanical strength and as the ionic source, respectively. From XRD analysis, it is found that the addition of MMT and NaBr has reduced the crystallinity of the electrolyte. Most interaction within the electrolyte happens in the region of the OH band, as verified using FTIR analysis. A maximum room temperature conductivity of (1.09 ± 0.02) × 10−3 S/cm is achieved with 30 wt.% NaBr. The highest conducting SCOBY-based electrolytes have a decompose voltage and ionic transference number of 1.48 V and 0.97, respectively. The multiwalled carbon nanotube is employed as the active material held by the fibrous network of BC. Cyclic voltammetry shows a rectangular shape CV plot with the absence of a redox peak. The supercapacitor is charged and discharged in a zig-zag-shaped Perspex plate for 1000 cycles with a decent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Hafiz Hamsan
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Norhana Abdul Halim
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon
- Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Tropicalization, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syahirah Nasuha Sa’aya
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University Of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Zul Hazrin Zainal Abidin
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya (C.I.U.M.), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nursaadah Ahmad Poad
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University Of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University Of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amira Mamat Razali
- Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University Of Malaysia, Sg Besi Camp, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Khairol Amali Ahmad
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Norazman Mohamad Nor
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sg Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Aziz SB, Asnawi ASFM, Kadir MFZ, Alshehri SM, Ahamad T, Yusof YM, Hadi JM. Structural, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Glycerolized Biopolymers Based on Chitosan (CS): Methylcellulose (MC) for Energy Storage Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081183. [PMID: 33916979 PMCID: PMC8067534 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a pair of biopolymer materials has been used to prepare high ion-conducting electrolytes for energy storage application (ESA). The chitosan:methylcellulose (CS:MC) blend was selected as a host for the ammonium thiocyanate NH4SCN dopant salt. Three different concentrations of glycerol was successfully incorporated as a plasticizer into the CS–MC–NH4SCN electrolyte system. The structural, electrical, and ion transport properties were investigated. The highest conductivity of 2.29 × 10−4 S cm−1 is recorded for the electrolyte incorporated 42 wt.% of plasticizer. The complexation and interaction of polymer electrolyte components are studied using the FTIR spectra. The deconvolution (DVN) of FTIR peaks as a sensitive method was used to calculate ion transport parameters. The percentage of free ions is found to influence the transport parameters of number density (n), ionic mobility (µ), and diffusion coefficient (D). All electrolytes in this work obey the non-Debye behavior. The highest conductivity electrolyte exhibits the dominancy of ions, where the ionic transference number, tion value of (0.976) is near to infinity with a voltage of breakdown of 2.11 V. The fabricated electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) achieves the highest specific capacitance, Cs of 98.08 F/g at 10 mV/s by using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad S. F. M. Asnawi
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia; (A.S.F.M.A.); (Y.M.Y.)
| | | | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Yuhanees M. Yusof
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Alor Gajah 78000, Malaysia; (A.S.F.M.A.); (Y.M.Y.)
| | - Jihad M. Hadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Human Development, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
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Aziz SB, Karim WO, Brza MA, Abdulwahid RT, Saeed SR, Al-Zangana S, Kadir MFZ. Ion Transport Study in CS: POZ Based Polymer Membrane Electrolytes Using Trukhan Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215265. [PMID: 31652832 PMCID: PMC6862139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, analysis of ion transport parameters of polymer blend electrolytes incorporated with magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Mg(CF3SO3)2) was carried out by employing the Trukhan model. A solution cast technique was used to obtain the polymer blend electrolytes composed of chitosan (CS) and poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ). From X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, improvement in amorphous phase for the blend samples has been observed in comparison to the pure state of CS. From impedance plot, bulk resistance (Rb) was found to decrease with increasing temperature. Based on direct current (DC) conductivity (σdc) patterns, considerations on the ion transport models of Arrhenius and Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) were given. Analysis of the dielectric properties was carried out at different temperatures and the obtained results were linked to the ion transport mechanism. It is demonstrated in the real part of electrical modulus that chitosan-salt systems are extremely capacitive. The asymmetric peak of the imaginary part (Mi) of electric modulus indicated that there is non-Debye type of relaxation for ions. From frequency dependence of dielectric loss (ε″) and the imaginary part (Mi) of electric modulus, suitable coupling among polymer segmental and ionic motions was identified. Two techniques were used to analyze the viscoelastic relaxation dynamic of ions. The Trukhan model was used to determine the diffusion coefficient (D) by using the frequency related to peak frequencies and loss tangent maximum heights (tanδmax). The Einstein–Nernst equation was applied to determine the carrier number density (n) and mobility. The ion transport parameters, such as D, n and mobility (μ), at room temperature, were found to be 4 × 10−5 cm2/s, 3.4 × 1015 cm−3, and 1.2 × 10−4 cm2/Vs, respectively. Finally, it was shown that an increase in temperature can also cause these parameters to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Wrya O Karim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - M A Brza
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia.
| | - Rebar T Abdulwahid
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Salah Raza Saeed
- Charmo Research Center, Charmo University, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
| | - Shakhawan Al-Zangana
- Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Iraq.
| | - M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Aziz SB, Kadir MFZ, Hamsan MH, Woo HJ, Brza MA. Development of Polymer Blends Based on PVA:POZ with Low Dielectric Constant for Microelectronic Applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13163. [PMID: 31511610 PMCID: PMC6739351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a huge request for the development of low dielectric constant polymeric materials for microelectronic applications. In thisstudy, polymer blends based on PVA:POZ with low dielectric constant has been fabricated. The results of XRD indicate that crystalline domain is enhanced at higher POZ concentration. Brilliant phases between spherulitesare attributed to the enhanced crystalline domains at high POZ content. White portions are appeared in SEM images on the surface of PVA:POZ blends. From EDX analysis, these leaked portions are referred to the POZ material. The number and sizes of the white portions were also found to increase with increasing the POZ content. Using electrical equivalent circuits (EEC), electrical impedance plots (Z″ vs Z') are fitted for all the samples. The results of impedance study illustrated that the resistivity of the samples increases with increasing POZ concentration. From dielectric measurements, dielectric constant was found to decrease with the introduction of more POZ into the PVA polymer. It is found to be about 1.68 at 40 wt.% POZ. Insulating materials with low dielectric constant (ε' < 2) are found to be important in the electronics manufacturing, owing to decrease in crosstalk, resistance-capacitance time delay and power dissipation in high-density circuits. Therefore, further investigations concerning the dielectric constant and impedance for all the samples are also carried out. The real and imaginary parts of electric modulus are studied, where minimizing of electrode polarization can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani, 46001, Iraq.
| | - M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M H Hamsan
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H J Woo
- Centre for Ionics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M A Brza
- Prof. Hameeds Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak, Malaysia
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Aziz SB, Hamsan MH, Karim WO, Kadir MFZ, Brza MA, Abdullah OG. High Proton Conducting Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Chitosan:Dextran with Constant Specific Capacitance and Energy Density. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070267. [PMID: 31323956 PMCID: PMC6681297 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer blend electrolytes based on chitosan: dextran (CS:Dext) incorporated with various amounts of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) with constant specific capacitance (12.4 F/g) and energy density over 100 cycles were prepared using a solution cast technique. The blend electrolyte samples exhibit broader amorphous humps in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra compared to pure CS:Dext film. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study indicates the complex formation of the added ammonium salt with the polymer blend functional groups through the shifting and decrease in the intensity of FTIR bands. The impedance plots were used to determine the conductivity of the samples. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images support the conductivity behavior of the samples. The impedance plots were applied in the determination of the conductivity of the samples in which the relatively highest conductivity was gained to be 1 × 10−3 S/cm. The transference number measurement (TNM) of the conducting electrolyte was 0.88, which portrays the dominancy of ion in the conduction process. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) verified the chemical stability and showed it to be 1.7 V and an effective electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) that is applicable in electrochemical devices. The performance of the EDLC cell was examined using both cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge–discharge techniques at ambient temperature. The semi-rectangular shape of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) plot and no redox peak was observed. The charge-discharge process of the fabricated EDLC is durable over 100 cycles with an equivalent circuit resistance and power density of 194.5 Ω and 428 W/kg, respectively. Two main outcomes, the specific capacitance and energy densities of 12.4 Farad/g and 1.4 Wh/kg, respectively, are almost constant over 100 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
| | - M H Hamsan
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wrya O Karim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - M A Brza
- Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia
| | - Omed Gh Abdullah
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
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Aziz SB, Hamsan MH, Abdullah RM, Kadir MFZ. A Promising Polymer Blend Electrolytes Based on Chitosan: Methyl Cellulose for EDLC Application with High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density. Molecules 2019; 24:E2503. [PMID: 31323966 PMCID: PMC6651571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, promising proton conducting solid polymer blend electrolytes (SPBEs) composed of chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC) were prepared for electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) application with a high specific capacitance and energy density. The change in intensity and the broad nature of the XRD pattern of doped samples compared to pure CS:MC system evidencedthe amorphous character of the electrolyte samples. The morphology of the samples in FESEM images supported the amorphous behavior of the solid electrolyte films. The results of impedance and Bode plotindicate that the bulk resistance decreasedwith increasing salt concentration. The highest DC conductivity was found to be 2.81 × 10-3 S/cm. The electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) model was conducted for selected samples to explain the complete picture of the electrical properties.The performance of EDLC cells was examined at room temperature by electrochemical techniques, such as impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant current charge-discharge techniques. It was found that the studied samples exhibit a very good performance as electrolyte for EDLC applications. Ions were found to be the dominant charge carriers in the polymer electrolyte. The ion transference number (tion) was found to be 0.84 while 0.16 for electron transference number (tel). Through investigation of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), the CS:MC:NH4SCN system was found to be electrochemically stable up to 1.8 V. The CV plot revealed no redox peak, indicating the occurrence of charge double-layer at the surface of activated carbon electrodes. Specific capacitance (Cspe) for the fabricated EDLC was calculated using CV plot and charge-discharge analyses. It was found to be 66.3 F g-1 and 69.9 F g-1 (at thefirst cycle), respectively. Equivalent series resistance (Resr) of the EDLC was also identified, ranging from 50.0 to 150.0 Ω. Finally, energy density (Ed) was stabilized to anaverage of 8.63 Wh kg-1 from the 10th cycle to the 100th cycle. The first cycle obtained power density (Pd) of 1666.6 W kg-1 and then itdropped to 747.0 W kg-1 at the 50th cycle and continued to drop to 555.5 W kg-1 as the EDLC completed 100 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
| | - M H Hamsan
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ranjdar M Abdullah
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq
| | - M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Aziz SB, Hassan AQ, Mohammed SJ, Karim WO, Kadir MFZ, Tajuddin HA, Chan NNMY. Structural and Optical Characteristics of PVA:C-Dot Composites: Tuning the Absorption of Ultra Violet (UV) Region. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E216. [PMID: 30736346 PMCID: PMC6410024 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
: In this work the influence of carbon nano-dots (CNDs) on absorption of ultra violet (UV) spectra in hybrid PVA based composites was studied. The FTIR results reveal the complex formation between PVA and CNDs. The shifting was observed in XRD spectrum of PVA:CNDs composites compared to pure PVA. The Debye-Scherrer formula was used to calculate the crystallite size of CNDs and crystalline phases of pure PVA and PVA:CNDs composites. The FESEM images emphasized the presence and dispersion of C-dots on the surface of the composite samples. From the images, a strong and clear absorption was noticed in the spectra. The strong absorption that appeared peaks at 280 nm and 430 nm can be ascribed to the n-π* and π-π* transitions, respectively. The absorption edge shifted to lower photon energy sides with increasing CNDs. The luminescence behavior of PVA:CNDs composite was confirmed using digital and photo luminescence (PL) measurements. The optical dielectric constant which is related to the density of states was studied and the optical band gap was characterized accurately using optical dielectric loss parameter. The Taucs model was used to determine the type of electronic transition in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujahadeen B Aziz
- Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
- Komar Research Center (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
| | - Aso Q Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
| | - Sewara J Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
| | - Wrya O Karim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
| | - M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - H A Tajuddin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - N N M Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Z Kadir
- Physics DivisionCentre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - A K Arof
- Center for Ionics University of MalayaPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Ionics University MalayaUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Z Aspanut
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - R Yahya
- Centre for Ionics University MalayaUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - A K Arof
- Centre for Ionics University MalayaUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Kadir MFZ, Aspanut Z, Majid SR, Arof AK. FTIR studies of plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan blend doped with NH4NO3 polymer electrolyte membrane. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 78:1068-1074. [PMID: 21237698 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and chitosan polymer blend doped with ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)) salt and plasticized with ethylene carbonate (EC) have been performed with emphasis on the shift of the carboxamide, amine and hydroxyl bands. 1% acetic acid solution was used as the solvent. It is observed from the chitosan film spectrum that evidence of polymer-solvent interaction can be observed from the shifting of the carboxamide band at 1660 cm(-1) and the amine band at 1591 cm(-1) to 1650 and 1557 cm(-1) respectively and the shift of the hydroxyl band from 3377 to 3354 cm(-1). The hydroxyl band in the spectrum of PVA powder is observed at 3354 cm(-1) and is observed at 3343 cm(-1) in the spectrum of the PVA film. On addition of NH(4)NO(3) up to 30 wt.%, the carboxamide, amine and hydroxyl bands shifted from 1650, 1557 and 3354 cm(-1) to 1642, 1541 and 3348 cm(-1) indicating that the chitosan has complexed with the salt. In the PVA-NH(4)NO(3) spectrum, the hydroxyl band has shifted from 3343 to 3272 cm(-1) on addition of salt from 10 to 30 wt.%. EC acts as a plasticizing agent since there is no shift in the bands as observed in the spectrum of PVA-chitosan-EC films. The mechanism of ion migration is proposed for the plasticized and unplasticized PVA-chitosan-NH(4)NO(3) systems. In the spectrum of PVA-chitosan-NH(4)NO(3)-EC complex, the doublet CO stretching in EC is observed in the vicinity 1800 and 1700. This indicates that there is some interaction between the salt and EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Z Kadir
- Centre for Ionics, Physics Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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