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Abbate E, Andrion J, Apel A, Biggs M, Chaves J, Cheung K, Ciesla A, Clark-ElSayed A, Clay M, Contridas R, Fox R, Hein G, Held D, Horwitz A, Jenkins S, Kalbarczyk K, Krishnamurthy N, Mirsiaghi M, Noon K, Rowe M, Shepherd T, Tarasava K, Tarasow TM, Thacker D, Villa G, Yerramsetty K. Optimizing the strain engineering process for industrial-scale production of bio-based molecules. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad025. [PMID: 37656881 PMCID: PMC10548853 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomanufacturing could contribute as much as ${\$}$30 trillion to the global economy by 2030. However, the success of the growing bioeconomy depends on our ability to manufacture high-performing strains in a time- and cost-effective manner. The Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) framework has proven to be an effective strain engineering approach. Significant improvements have been made in genome engineering, genotyping, and phenotyping throughput over the last couple of decades that have greatly accelerated the DBTL cycles. However, to achieve a radical reduction in strain development time and cost, we need to look at the strain engineering process through a lens of optimizing the whole cycle, as opposed to simply increasing throughput at each stage. We propose an approach that integrates all 4 stages of the DBTL cycle and takes advantage of the advances in computational design, high-throughput genome engineering, and phenotyping methods, as well as machine learning tools for making predictions about strain scale-up performance. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges of industrial strain engineering, outline the best approaches to overcoming these challenges, and showcase examples of successful strain engineering projects for production of heterologous proteins, amino acids, and small molecules, as well as improving tolerance, fitness, and de-risking the scale-up of industrial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Abbate
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Jennifer Andrion
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Amanda Apel
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Matthew Biggs
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Julie Chaves
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Kristi Cheung
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Anthony Ciesla
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Alia Clark-ElSayed
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Michael Clay
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Riarose Contridas
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Richard Fox
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Glenn Hein
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Dan Held
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Andrew Horwitz
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Stefan Jenkins
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | | | | | - Mona Mirsiaghi
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Katherine Noon
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Mike Rowe
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Tyson Shepherd
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Katia Tarasava
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Theodore M Tarasow
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Drew Thacker
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Gladys Villa
- Inscripta, Inc., 5720 Stoneridge Dr, Suite 300, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
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Eng T, Sasaki Y, Herbert RA, Lau A, Trinh J, Chen Y, Mirsiaghi M, Petzold CJ, Mukhopadhyay A. Production of tetra-methylpyrazine using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00115. [PMID: 31890587 PMCID: PMC6926172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 is an established and industrially-relevant microbial host that has been utilized for the expression of many desirable bioproducts. Tetra-methylpyrazine (TMP) is a naturally occurring alkylpyrazine with broad applications spanning fragrances to resins. We identified an engineered strain of C. glutamicum which produces 5 g/L TMP and separately, a strain which can co-produce both TMP and the biofuel compound isopentenol. Ionic liquids also stimulate TMP production in engineered strains. Using a fed batch-mode feeding strategy, ionic liquid stimulated strains produced 2.2 g/L of tetra-methylpyrazine. We show that feedback from a specific heterologous gene pathway on host physiology leads to acetoin accumulation and the production of TMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yusuke Sasaki
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Robin A. Herbert
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Lau
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Trinh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mona Mirsiaghi
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J. Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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3
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Zhuang X, Kilian O, Monroe E, Ito M, Tran-Gymfi MB, Liu F, Davis RW, Mirsiaghi M, Sundstrom E, Pray T, Skerker JM, George A, Gladden JM. Monoterpene production by the carotenogenic yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:54. [PMID: 30885220 PMCID: PMC6421710 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their high energy density and compatible physical properties, several monoterpenes have been investigated as potential renewable transportation fuels, either as blendstocks with petroleum or as drop-in replacements for use in vehicles (both heavy and light-weight) or in aviation. Sustainable microbial production of these biofuels requires the ability to utilize cheap and readily available feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass, which can be depolymerized into fermentable carbon sources such as glucose and xylose. However, common microbial production platforms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are not naturally capable of utilizing xylose, hence requiring extensive strain engineering and optimization to efficiently utilize lignocellulosic feedstocks. In contrast, the oleaginous red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is capable of efficiently metabolizing both xylose and glucose, suggesting that it may be a suitable host for the production of lignocellulosic bioproducts. In addition, R. toruloides naturally produces several carotenoids (C40 terpenoids), indicating that it may have a naturally high carbon flux through its mevalonate (MVA) pathway, providing pools of intermediates for the production of a wide range of heterologous terpene-based biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulose. RESULTS Sixteen terpene synthases (TS) originating from plants, bacteria and fungi were evaluated for their ability to produce a total of nine different monoterpenes in R. toruloides. Eight of these TS were functional and produced several different monoterpenes, either as individual compounds or as mixtures, with 1,8-cineole, sabinene, ocimene, pinene, limonene, and carene being produced at the highest levels. The 1,8-cineole synthase HYP3 from Hypoxylon sp. E74060B produced the highest titer of 14.94 ± 1.84 mg/L 1,8-cineole in YPD medium and was selected for further optimization and fuel properties study. Production of 1,8-cineole from lignocellulose was also demonstrated in a 2L batch fermentation, and cineole production titers reached 34.6 mg/L in DMR-EH (Deacetylated, Mechanically Refined, Enzymatically Hydorlized) hydrolysate. Finally, the fuel properties of 1,8-cineole were examined, and indicate that it may be a suitable petroleum blend stock or drop-in replacement fuel for spark ignition engines. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Rhodosporidium toruloides is a suitable microbial platform for the production of non-native monoterpenes with biofuel applications from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhuang
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Oliver Kilian
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Eric Monroe
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Masakazu Ito
- Energy Bioscience Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Mary Bao Tran-Gymfi
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Mona Mirsiaghi
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit (ABPDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Eric Sundstrom
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit (ABPDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Todd Pray
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit (ABPDU), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Skerker
- Energy Bioscience Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anthe George
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA. .,Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute/Sandia National Laboratories, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
| | - John M Gladden
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA. .,Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute/Sandia National Laboratories, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
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4
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Yuzawa S, Mirsiaghi M, Jocic R, Fujii T, Masson F, Benites VT, Baidoo EEK, Sundstrom E, Tanjore D, Pray TR, George A, Davis RW, Gladden JM, Simmons BA, Katz L, Keasling JD. Short-chain ketone production by engineered polyketide synthases in Streptomyces albus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4569. [PMID: 30385744 PMCID: PMC6212451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial production of fuels and commodity chemicals has been performed primarily using natural or slightly modified enzymes, which inherently limits the types of molecules that can be produced. Type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multi-domain enzymes that can produce unique and diverse molecular structures by combining particular types of catalytic domains in a specific order. This catalytic mechanism offers a wealth of engineering opportunities. Here we report engineered microbes that produce various short-chain (C5-C7) ketones using hybrid PKSs. Introduction of the genes into the chromosome of Streptomyces albus enables it to produce >1 g · l-1 of C6 and C7 ethyl ketones and several hundred mg · l-1 of C5 and C6 methyl ketones from plant biomass hydrolysates. Engine tests indicate these short-chain ketones can be added to gasoline as oxygenates to increase the octane of gasoline. Together, it demonstrates the efficient and renewable microbial production of biogasolines by hybrid enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yuzawa
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States. .,Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States. .,Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Mona Mirsiaghi
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Advanced Biofuels & Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Renee Jocic
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States.,Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Fabrice Masson
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Advanced Biofuels & Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Veronica T Benites
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States
| | - Eric Sundstrom
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Advanced Biofuels & Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Advanced Biofuels & Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Todd R Pray
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Advanced Biofuels & Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Anthe George
- Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States.,Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94551, United States
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94551, United States
| | - John M Gladden
- Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States.,Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94551, United States
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States.,Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States
| | - Leonard Katz
- Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States.,QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Biogical Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States. .,Joint BioEnegy Institute, Emeryville, California, 94608, United States. .,QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, DK-2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark. .,Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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5
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Yaegashi J, Kirby J, Ito M, Sun J, Dutta T, Mirsiaghi M, Sundstrom ER, Rodriguez A, Baidoo E, Tanjore D, Pray T, Sale K, Singh S, Keasling JD, Simmons BA, Singer SW, Magnuson JK, Arkin AP, Skerker JM, Gladden JM. Rhodosporidium toruloides: a new platform organism for conversion of lignocellulose into terpene biofuels and bioproducts. Biotechnol Biofuels 2017; 10:241. [PMID: 29075325 PMCID: PMC5651578 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and bioproducts is central to the establishment of a robust bioeconomy. This requires a conversion host that is able to both efficiently assimilate the major lignocellulose-derived carbon sources and divert their metabolites toward specific bioproducts. RESULTS In this study, the carotenogenic yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides was examined for its ability to convert lignocellulose into two non-native sesquiterpenes with biofuel (bisabolene) and pharmaceutical (amorphadiene) applications. We found that R. toruloides can efficiently convert a mixture of glucose and xylose from hydrolyzed lignocellulose into these bioproducts, and unlike many conventional production hosts, its growth and productivity were enhanced in lignocellulosic hydrolysates relative to purified substrates. This organism was demonstrated to have superior growth in corn stover hydrolysates prepared by two different pretreatment methods, one using a novel biocompatible ionic liquid (IL) choline α-ketoglutarate, which produced 261 mg/L of bisabolene at bench scale, and the other using an alkaline pretreatment, which produced 680 mg/L of bisabolene in a high-gravity fed-batch bioreactor. Interestingly, R. toruloides was also observed to assimilate p-coumaric acid liberated from acylated grass lignin in the IL hydrolysate, a finding we verified with purified substrates. R. toruloides was also able to consume several additional compounds with aromatic motifs similar to lignin monomers, suggesting that this organism may have the metabolic potential to convert depolymerized lignin streams alongside lignocellulosic sugars. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the natural compatibility of R. toruloides with bioprocess conditions relevant to lignocellulosic biorefineries and demonstrates its ability to produce non-native terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yaegashi
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - James Kirby
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Masakazu Ito
- Energy Biosciences Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Tanmoy Dutta
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Mona Mirsiaghi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Eric R. Sundstrom
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Alberto Rodriguez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Edward Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Todd Pray
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Kenneth Sale
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Steven W. Singer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jon K. Magnuson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Energy Biosciences Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Skerker
- Energy Biosciences Institute, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - John M. Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Department of Biomass Science and Conversion Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
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