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Dohi T, Weißenhofer M, Kerber N, Kammerbauer F, Ge Y, Raab K, Zázvorka J, Syskaki MA, Shahee A, Ruhwedel M, Böttcher T, Pirro P, Jakob G, Nowak U, Kläui M. Enhanced thermally-activated skyrmion diffusion with tunable effective gyrotropic force. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5424. [PMID: 37696785 PMCID: PMC10495465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions, topologically-stabilized spin textures that emerge in magnetic systems, have garnered considerable interest due to a variety of electromagnetic responses that are governed by the topology. The topology that creates a microscopic gyrotropic force also causes detrimental effects, such as the skyrmion Hall effect, which is a well-studied phenomenon highlighting the influence of topology on the deterministic dynamics and drift motion. Furthermore, the gyrotropic force is anticipated to have a substantial impact on stochastic diffusive motion; however, the predicted repercussions have yet to be demonstrated, even qualitatively. Here we demonstrate enhanced thermally-activated diffusive motion of skyrmions in a specifically designed synthetic antiferromagnet. Suppressing the effective gyrotropic force by tuning the angular momentum compensation leads to a more than 10 times enhanced diffusion coefficient compared to that of ferromagnetic skyrmions. Consequently, our findings not only demonstrate the gyro-force dependence of the diffusion coefficient but also enable ultimately energy-efficient unconventional stochastic computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Dohi
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Laboratory for Nanoelectronics and Spintronics, Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Markus Weißenhofer
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, S-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nico Kerber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Kammerbauer
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuqing Ge
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Raab
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jakub Zázvorka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague, 12116, Czech Republic
| | - Maria-Andromachi Syskaki
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Singulus Technologies AG, 63796, Kahl am Main, Germany
| | - Aga Shahee
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Ruhwedel
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Philipp Pirro
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jakob
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nowak
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, DE-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Al-Hamdo H, Wagner T, Lytvynenko Y, Kendzo G, Reimers S, Ruhwedel M, Yaqoob M, Vasyuchka VI, Pirro P, Sinova J, Kläui M, Jourdan M, Gomonay O, Weiler M. Coupling of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Spin Dynamics in Mn_{2}Au/NiFe Thin Film Bilayers. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:046701. [PMID: 37566862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.046701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate magnetization dynamics of Mn_{2}Au/Py (Ni_{80}Fe_{20}) thin film bilayers using broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. Our bilayers exhibit two resonant modes with zero-field frequencies up to almost 40 GHz, far above the single-layer Py FMR. Our model calculations attribute these modes to the coupling of the Py FMR and the two antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR) modes of Mn_{2}Au. The coupling strength is in the order of 1.6 T nm at room temperature for nm-thick Py. Our model reveals the dependence of the hybrid modes on the AFMR frequencies and interfacial coupling as well as the evanescent character of the spin waves that extend across the Mn_{2}Au/Py interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al-Hamdo
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tobias Wagner
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yaryna Lytvynenko
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Magnetism of the NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Gutenberg Kendzo
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sonka Reimers
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Ruhwedel
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Misbah Yaqoob
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Vitaliy I Vasyuchka
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Philipp Pirro
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jairo Sinova
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Kläui
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Jourdan
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olena Gomonay
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Weiler
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Scheuer L, Ruhwedel M, Karfaridis D, Vasileiadis IG, Sokoluk D, Torosyan G, Vourlias G, Dimitrakopoulos GP, Rahm M, Hillebrands B, Kehagias T, Beigang R, Papaioannou ET. THz emission from Fe/Pt spintronic emitters with L1 0-FePt alloyed interface. iScience 2022; 25:104319. [PMID: 35602944 PMCID: PMC9114522 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in nanomagnetism and spintronics have enabled the use of ultrafast spin physics for terahertz (THz) emission. Spintronic THz emitters, consisting of ferromagnetic (FM)/non-magnetic (NM) thin film heterostructures, have demonstrated impressive properties for the use in THz spectroscopy and have great potential in scientific and industrial applications. In this work, we focus on the impact of the FM/NM interface on the THz emission by investigating Fe/Pt bilayers with engineered interfaces. In particular, we intentionally modify the Fe/Pt interface by inserting an ordered L10-FePt alloy interlayer. Subsequently, we establish that a Fe/L10-FePt (2 nm)/Pt configuration is significantly superior to a Fe/Pt bilayer structure, regarding THz emission amplitude. The latter depends on the extent of alloying on either side of the interface. The unique trilayer structure opens new perspectives in terms of material choices for the next generation of spintronic THz emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scheuer
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Moritz Ruhwedel
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Karfaridis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Isaak G Vasileiadis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dominik Sokoluk
- Fachbereich Elektro-Informationstechnik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Garik Torosyan
- Photonic Center Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - George Vourlias
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | - Marco Rahm
- Fachbereich Elektro-Informationstechnik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Burkard Hillebrands
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Thomas Kehagias
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - René Beigang
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Evangelos Th Papaioannou
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther Universität Halle Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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