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Rana MA, Ijaz B, Daud M, Tariq S, Nadeem T, Husnain T. Interplay of Wnt β-catenin pathway and miRNAs in HBV pathogenesis leading to HCC. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:373-386. [PMID: 30377095 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified world-wide. Plethora of factors including chronic infection of HBV/HCV has been characterized for the development of HCC. Although the onset and progression of HCC has been linked with awry of various signaling pathways but precise mechanism, still lies under the multitude layers of curiosity. HBV is spreading with insane speed throughout the world and has been found a main culprit in HCC development after regulating the several cellular pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, Raf/MAPK, Akt and affecting cell multiplication to genomic instability. The role of Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway is centralized in liver functions and its anomalous activation leads to HCC development. β-catenin mainly plays a pivotal role in canonical pathway of the system. Altered mainly overexpression of β-catenin along its nuclear localization tunes the aberrations in liver functions and set disease progression. In the development of HCC, modulation of Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway by HBV has been established. As HBV infects the cell it affects the miRNAs, the master regulators of cell. Previous studies showed the connection between HBV and cellular miRNAs. In the present review, we unveiled how HBV is deciphering the cellular miRNAs like miR-26a, miR-15a, miR-16-1, miR-148a, miR-132, miR-122, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-29a, miR-222 and miR-199a/b-3p to modulate the Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway and develop HCC. These HBV mediated miRNAs may prove future therapeutic options to treat HBV-Wnt/FZD/β-catenin associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Rana
- Department of microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Daud
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sommyya Tariq
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tariq Nadeem
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan
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2
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Jabbar B, Rafique S, Salo-Ahen OMH, Ali A, Munir M, Idrees M, Mirza MU, Vanmeert M, Shah SZ, Jabbar I, Rana MA. Antigenic Peptide Prediction From E6 and E7 Oncoproteins of HPV Types 16 and 18 for Therapeutic Vaccine Design Using Immunoinformatics and MD Simulation Analysis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3000. [PMID: 30619353 PMCID: PMC6305797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) induced cervical cancer is the second most common cause of death, after breast cancer, in females. Three prophylactic vaccines by Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) have been confirmed to prevent high-risk HPV strains but these vaccines have been shown to be effective only in girls who have not been exposed to HPV previously. The constitutively expressed HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are usually used as target antigens for HPV therapeutic vaccines. These early (E) proteins are involved, for example, in maintaining the malignant phenotype of the cells. In this study, we predicted antigenic peptides of HPV types 16 and 18, encoded by E6 and E7 genes, using an immunoinformatics approach. To further evaluate the immunogenic potential of the predicted peptides, we studied their ability to bind to class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules in a computational docking study that was supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimation of the free energies of binding of the peptides at the MHC-I binding cleft. Some of the predicted peptides exhibited comparable binding free energies and/or pattern of binding to experimentally verified MHC-I-binding epitopes that we used as references in MD simulations. Such peptides with good predicted affinity may serve as candidate epitopes for the development of therapeutic HPV peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basit Jabbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Outi M H Salo-Ahen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mobeen Munir
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel Vanmeert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Syed Zawar Shah
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Jabbar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Walait A, Siddiqui AM, Rana MA. Analysis of a self-propelling sheet with heat transfer through non-isothermal fluid in an inclined human cervical canal. J Biol Phys 2018; 44:273-300. [PMID: 29435817 PMCID: PMC6082796 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present theoretical analysis deals with biomechanics of the self-propulsion of a swimming sheet with heat transfer through non-isothermal fluid filling an inclined human cervical canal. Partial differential equations arising from the mathematical modeling of the proposed model are solved analytically. Flow variables like pressure gradient, propulsive velocity, fluid velocity, time mean flow rate, fluid temperature, and heat-transfer coefficients are analyzed for the pertinent parameters. Striking features of the pumping characteristics are explored. Propulsive velocity of the swimming sheet becomes faster for lower Froude number, higher Reynolds number, and for a vertical channel. Temperature and peak value of the heat-transfer coefficients below the swimming sheet showed an increase by the increment of Brinkmann number, inclination, pressure difference over wavelength, and Reynolds number whereas these quantities decrease with increasing Froude number. Aforesaid parameters have shown opposite effects on the peak value of the heat-transfer coefficients below and above the swimming sheet. Relevance of the current results to the spermatozoa transport with heat transfer through non-isothermal cervical mucus filling an inclined human cervical canal is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Walait
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - A M Siddiqui
- Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, York Campus, 1031 Edgecomb Avenue, York, PA, 17403, USA
| | - M A Rana
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Nadeem T, Khan MA, Ijaz B, Ahmed N, Rahman ZU, Latif MS, Ali Q, Rana MA. Glycosylation of Recombinant Anticancer Therapeutics in Different Expression Systems with Emerging Technologies. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2787-2798. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a global distribution and is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. The precise mechanism of pathogenicity of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not yet fully understood. Viral-related proteins are known to take control of several cellular pathways like Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Raf/MAPK and ROS for the virus's own replication. This affects cellular persistence, multiplication, migration, alteration and genomic instability. The Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a significant role in the pathology and physiology of the liver and has been identified as a main factor in HCC development. The role of β-catenin is linked mainly to the canonical pathway of the signaling system. Progression of liver diseases is known to be accompanied by disturbances in β-catenin expression (mainly overexpression), with its cytoplasmic or nuclear translocation. In recent years, studies have documented that the HBV X protein and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) can act as pathogenic factors that are involved in the modulation and induction of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the present review we explore the interaction of HBV genome products with components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that results in the enhancement of the pathway and leads to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Daud
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | | | - Tayyab Husnain
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
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Zulfiqar HF, Javed A, Sumbal, Afroze B, Ali Q, Akbar K, Nadeem T, Rana MA, Nazar ZA, Nasir IA, Husnain T. HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies. Front Public Health 2017; 5:32. [PMID: 28326304 PMCID: PMC5339269 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the chief contributor to global burden of disease. In 2010, HIV was the fifth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in people of all ages and leading cause for people aged 30-44 years. It is classified as a member of the family Retroviridae and genus Lentivirus based on the biological, morphological, and genetic properties. It infects different cells of the immune system, such as CD4+ T cells (T-helper cells), dendritic cells, and macrophages. HIV has two subtypes: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Among these strains, HIV-1 is the most virulent and pathogenic. Advanced diagnostic methods are exploring new ways of treatment and contributing in the reduction of HIV cases. The diagnostic techniques like PCR, rapid test, EIA, p24 antigen, and western blot have markedly upgraded the diagnosis of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy and vaccines are promising candidates in providing therapeutic and preventive regimes, respectively. Invention of CRISPR/Cas9 is a breakthrough in the field of HIV disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneeqa Javed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Sumbal
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Bakht Afroze
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Khadija Akbar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Tariq Nadeem
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | | | - Zaheer Ahmad Nazar
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
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Motapothula M, Dang ZY, Venkatesan T, Breese MBH, Rana MA, Osman A. Influence of the narrow {111} planes on axial and planar ion channeling. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:195502. [PMID: 23003055 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.195502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report channeling patterns where clearly resolved effects of the narrow {111} planes are observed in axial and planar alignments for 2 MeV protons passing through a 55 nm [001] silicon membrane. At certain axes, such as <213> and <314>, the offset in atomic rows forming the narrow {111} planes results in shielding from the large potential at the wide {111} planes, producing a region of shallow, asymmetric potential from which axial channeling patterns have no plane of symmetry. At small tilts from such axes, different behavior is observed from the wide and narrow {111} planes. At planar alignment, distinctive channeling effects due to the narrow planes are observed. As a consequence of the shallow potential well at the narrow planes, incident protons suffer dechanneled trajectories which are excluded from channeling within the wide planes, resulting in an anomalously large scattered beam at {111} alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Motapothula
- Center for Ion Beam Applications, Physics Department, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 117542
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Ali N, Khan EU, Akhter P, Khattak NU, Khan F, Rana MA. The effect of air mass origin on the ambient concentrations of ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb in Islamabad, Pakistan. J Environ Radioact 2011; 102:35-42. [PMID: 20869795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be, having half lives of 22.3 years and 53.29 days, respectively, in the surface air samples of Islamabad (33.38°N, 73.10°E and Altitude ∼536 m asl.) are measured. The non-destructive technique of gamma-spectrometry, with a high purity germanium HPGe detector, was employed for the analysis of all samples. The annual average concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Be in the surface air samples were determined as 0.284 ± 0.15 and 3.171 ± 1.14 mBq m⁻³, respectively. Our results have shown a seasonal variation of the concentration of ⁷Be in air samples with high values for the spring season. High concentrations for ²¹⁰Pb are obtained when air masses originate from plain areas of Pothohar region, located in the South-West, West and North West of Islamabad. Our values of concentrations show a nice agreement with the relevant reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ali
- DPAM, PIEAS, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Breese MBH, Rana MA, Osipowicz T, Teo EJ. Enhanced planar channeling of MeV protons through thin crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:105505. [PMID: 15447418 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
At certain tilt alignments between a MeV proton beam and a planar channeling direction, a single interface lattice rotation within a crystal can result in a lower rate of dechanneling than at planar alignment in a perfect crystal. Such planar channeling enhancement arises when the beam passes through a layer thickness which is a half-multiple of the oscillation wavelength and then encounters a small interface rotation which is matched to the beam tilt angle. The beam is projected into the center of the phase space ellipse below the interface, resulting in certain trajectories undergoing a reduction in their transverse energy, in a manner analogous to stochastic cooling or atom laser cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B H Breese
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260
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Breese MBH, Teo EJ, Rana MA, Huang L, van Kan JA, Watt F, King PJC. Observation of many coherent oscillations for MeV protons transmitted through stacking faults. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:045503. [PMID: 14995385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.045503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High spatial resolution, high-contrast transmission channeling images of stacking faults in silicon have been produced using a beam of 2 MeV protons focused to a spot size of 60 nm. Over a narrow range of beam tilts to the (011) planes, up to ten periodic intensity oscillations are observed, providing evidence of a long-range coherency of the planar channeled trajectories. This behavior is characterized using Monte Carlo computer simulations, and a phase-space model of planar channeled ion interactions with stacking faults is developed which incorporates all observed channeling and blocking phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B H Breese
- Physics Department, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260
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Gahan PB, Rana MA, Phillips R. Activation of carboxylesterases in root cortical parenchymal cells of Pisum sativum during xylem induction in vitro. Cell Biochem Funct 1983; 1:109-11. [PMID: 6679472 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.290010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative cytochemical study of naphthol AS-D esterase activity in explants from roots of Pisum sativum grown on basal medium for 3 or 6 days showed similar levels of activity to those seen in sections of cortex and stele from intact roots of similar ages. Explants grown in the presence of auxins or cytokinin alone showed a threefold or twofold increase in cortical parenchymal activity, respectively. On adding both hormones to initiate xylem element formation, there was also a threefold increase in activity in the cortex. In all three cases, the stimulated activity was totally inhibited by either 10(-4) M diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) or 10(-4) M diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate (E600), indicating carboxylesterase activity. The low level of activity normally present in cortical cells was inhibitor resistant, so indicating acetylesterase activity. Thus, auxins and cytokinins appear to activate mainly similar carboxylesterases during the initiation of xylem elements from cortical parenchyma cells.
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Rana MA, Gahan PB. A quantitative cytochemical study of determination for xylem-element formation in response to wounding in roots of Pisum sativum L. Planta 1983; 157:307-316. [PMID: 24264263 DOI: 10.1007/bf00397401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/1982] [Accepted: 10/20/1982] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative cytochemical studies of cortical parenchyma cells of roots of Pisum sativum in which the central vascular bundle is severed, showed esterase activity to be an early marker of the determination of cells to form a vascular bridge. Explantation, onto a basal culture medium, of wound segments taken from roots at different times after severing the stele showed the irreversibility of the esterase activity on removal from the inducing environment, so confirming this as a marker of cell determination. A general determination for the stele was shown to occur by 8-10 h after wounding, but information relating to tracheid secondary-cell-wall formation was not apparently available until 18-20 h after wounding. Determination appeared to occur well before mitosis. The timings of the differentiation steps indicate a simple diffusion model to explain the mechanism of arrival of the initiating molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rana
- Biology Department, Queen Elizabeth College, Campden Hill Road, W8 7AH, London, UK
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Gahan PB, Bellani LM, Rana MA, Lake BD. A quantitative cytochemical method for phosphofructokinase in plant tissues. Histochemistry 1983; 78:399-403. [PMID: 6224762 DOI: 10.1007/bf00496626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative cytochemical method for the demonstration of phosphofructokinase has been successfully applied to a range of plant tissues. The findings indicate that this enzyme system may be assayed as an indicator of glycolytic activity in plant cells, and furthermore tha the very high endogenous phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations may not be rate limiting in vivo.
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