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Fakhar-E-Alam M, Akram MW, Iqbal S, Alimgeer KS, Atif M, Sultana K, Willander M, Wang ZM. Retraction Note: Empirical Modeling of Physiochemical Immune Response of Multilayer Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials under UV Exposure to Melanoma and Foreskin Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12912. [PMID: 37558777 PMCID: PMC10412606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
- Department of Physics, GC University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Waseem Akram
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Seemab Iqbal
- Department of Physics, GC University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Sultana
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - M Willander
- Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
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2
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Akram MW, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Butt AR, Asghar A, Jamil Y, Alimgeer KS, Wang ZM. Retraction Note: In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12913. [PMID: 37558745 PMCID: PMC10412612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Waseem Akram
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ali Asghar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Jamil
- Laser Spectroscopy Lab., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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Iqbal S, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Alimgeer KS, Atif M, Hanif A, Yaqub N, Farooq WA, Ahmad S, Chu YM, Suleman Rana M, Fatehmulla A, Ahmad H. Mathematical modeling and experimental analysis of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in conjunction with photo thermal therapy and PEG-coated Au-doped TiO 2 nanostructures to target MCF-7 cancerous cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1226-1232. [PMID: 33613051 PMCID: PMC7878829 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some nanoscale morphologies of titanium oxide nanostructures blend with gold nanoparticles and act as satellites and targeted weapon methodologies in biomedical applications. Simultaneously, titanium oxide can play an important role when combined with gold after blending with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Our experimental approach is novel with respect to the plasmonic role of metal nanoparticles as an efficient PDT drug. The current experimental strategy floats the comprehensive and facile way of experimental strategy on the critical influence that titanium with gold nanoparticles used as novel photosensitizing agents after significant biodistribution of proposed nanostructures toward targeted site. In addition, different morphologies of PEG-coated Au-doped titanium nanostructures were shown to provide various therapeutic effects due to a wide range of electromagnetic field development. This confirms a significantly amplified population of hot electron generation adjacent to the interface between Au and TiO2 nanostructures, leading to maximum cancerous cell injury in the MCF-7 cell line. The experimental results were confirmed by applying a least squares fit math model which verified our results with 99% goodness of fit. These results can pave the way for comprehensive rational designs for satisfactory response of performance phototherapeutic model mechanisms along with new horizons of photothermal therapy (HET) and photodynamic therapy (HET) operating under visible and near-infrared (NIR) light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemab Iqbal
- Department of Physics Govt. College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics Govt. College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Islamabad campus, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesah Yaqub
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - W A Farooq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ming Chu
- Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changasha, University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | | | - Amanullah Fatehmulla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.,Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy
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Atif M, Iqbal S, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Mansoor Q, Alimgeer KS, Fatehmulla A, Hanif A, Yaqub N, Farooq WA, Ahmad S, Ahmad H, Chu YM. Manganese-doped cerium oxide nanocomposite as a therapeutic agent for MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1233-1238. [PMID: 33613052 PMCID: PMC7878823 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of a manganese-doped cerium oxide (Mn:CeO2) nanocomposite via hydrothermal route is described. Cubic fluorite structure of single phase was exhibited by studying structural analysis through x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and morphological analysis was conducted by scanning electron microscope. Surface analytic technique of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was conducted to analyze the relative amount of any impurity and doping. Structural changes due to manganese doping such as increment in production of vacancies of oxygen within crystal of cerium oxide, and reduction in size of crystallite and constant of lattice was observed in our research study. Moreover, the Mn:CeO2 nanocomposite demonstrates differential cytotoxicity against MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line, which renders it a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapy. The anti-tumorous activity of the cerium oxide nanocomposite was significantly enhanced with doping of manganese, which is directly linked with the generation of highly reactive oxygen facets. The experimental results are supported by a mathematical model that confirms a confidence level of 95%. This research has paved the way for many utilities in therapeutics and magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics through new observations, and hence verified their math model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seemab Iqbal
- Department of Physics, GC University, Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - M Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics, GC University, Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Islamabad campus, Pakistan
| | - Amanullah Fatehmulla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesah Yaqub
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - W A Farooq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.,Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186 Roma, Italy
| | - Yu-Ming Chu
- Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, Changasha, University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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Iqbal S, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Ahmed N, -Ul-Ahmad A, Amin N, Alghamdi RA, Hanif A, Farooq WA. Empirical Modeling of Zn/ZnO Nanoparticles Decorated/Conjugated with Fotolon (Chlorine e6) Based Photodynamic Therapy towards Liver Cancer Treatment. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:mi10010060. [PMID: 30658388 PMCID: PMC6357181 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study is based on Zn/ZnO nanoparticles photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated effects on healthy liver cells and cancerous cells. The synthesis of Zn/ZnO nanoparticles was accomplished using chemical and hydrothermal methods. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was carried out using manifold techniques (e.g., transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)). In order to study the biotoxicity of the grown nanoparticles, they were applied individually and in conjunction with the third generation photosensitiser Fotolon (Chlorine e6) in the in vivo model of the normal liver of the Wister rat, and in the in vitro cancerous liver (HepG2) model both in the dark and under a variety of laser exposures (630 nm, Ultraviolet (UV) light). The localization of ZnO nanoparticles was observed by applying fluorescence spectroscopy on a 1 cm2 selected area of normal liver, whereas the in vitro cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection were carried out by calculating the loss in the cell viability of the hepatocellular model by applying a neutral red assay (NRA). Furthermore, a statistical analysis is carried out and it is ensured that the p value is less than 0.05. Thus, the current study has highlighted the potential for applying Zn/ZnO nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy that would lead to wider medical applications to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment and its biological aspect study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seemab Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasar Ahmed
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan.
| | - Aqrab -Ul-Ahmad
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - N Amin
- Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Raed Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
| | - W Aslam Farooq
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Akram MW, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Butt AR, Asghar A, Jamil Y, Alimgeer KS, Wang ZM. In vitro evaluation of the toxic effects of MgO nanostructure in Hela cell line. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4576. [PMID: 29545644 PMCID: PMC5854676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MgO is an attractive choice for carcinogenic cell destruction in photodynamic therapy, as confirmed by manifold analysis. The prime focus of the presented research is to investigate the toxicity caused by morphologically different MgO nanostructures obtained by annealing at various annealing temperatures. Smart (stimuli-responsive) MgO nanomaterials are a very promising class of nanomaterials, and their properties can be controlled by altering their size, morphology, or other relevant characteristics. The samples investigated here were grown by the co-precipitation technique. Toxicity-dependent parameters were assessed in a HeLa cell model after annealing the grown samples at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. After the overall characterization, an analysis of toxicity caused by changes in the MgO nanostructure morphology was tested in a HeLa cell model using a neutral red assay and microscopy. The feasibility of using MgO for PDT was assessed. Empirical modelling was applied to corroborate the experimental results obtained from assessing cell viability losses and reactive oxygen species. The results indicate that MgO is an excellent candidate material for medical applications and could be utilized for its potential ability to upgrade conventionally used techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waseem Akram
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Department of Physics, Government College University, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ali Asghar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Jamil
- Laser Spectroscopy Lab., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - K S Alimgeer
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Muzammil S, Hayat S, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Aslam B, Siddique MH, Nisar MA, Saqalein M, Atif M, Sarwar A, Khurshid A, Amin N, Wang Z. Nanoantibiotics: Future nanotechnologies to combat antibiotic resistance. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2018; 10:352-374. [PMID: 29293463 DOI: 10.2741/e827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics was hailed as a historic breakthrough for the human race in the fight against bacterial and malignant infections. However, in a very short time, owing to their acute and aggressive nature, bacteria have developed resistance against antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics agents. Potentially, this situation could again result in bacterial infection outbreaks. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been proven as better alternatives; the combination of antibiotics and metal oxide nanoparticles was shown to decrease the toxicity and enhance the antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer efficacy of the agents. This review provides a detailed view about the role of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of infections in conjunction with antibiotics, their modes of action, and synergism. In addition, the problems of multidrug resistance are addressed and will allow the development of a comprehensive, reliable, and rational treatment plan. It is expected that this comprehensive review will lead to new research opportunities, which should be helpful for future applications in biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054 Chengdu, China
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussnain Siddique
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mhammad Atif Nisar
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqalein
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Sarwar
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Allama Iqbal road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwaar Khurshid
- Quaid e Azam Medical College Circular Road, 63100, Bahawalpur
| | - Nasir Amin
- Department of Physics, GC University, 38000, Faisalabad
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054 Chengdu, China
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Shaheen F, Hammad Aziz M, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Atif M, Fatima M, Ahmad R, Hanif A, Anwar S, Zafar F, Abbas G, Ali SM, Ahmed M. An In Vitro Study of the Photodynamic Effectiveness of GO-Ag Nanocomposites against Human Breast Cancer Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E401. [PMID: 29160836 PMCID: PMC5707618 DOI: 10.3390/nano7110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have garnered significant attention because of their versatile bioapplications and extraordinary properties. Graphene oxide (GO) is an extremely oxidized form of graphene accompanied by the functional groups of oxygen on its surface. GO is an outstanding platform on which to pacify silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which gives rise to the graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle (GO-Ag) nanocomposite. In this experimental study, the toxicity of graphene oxide-silver (GO-Ag) nanocomposites was assessed in an in vitro human breast cancer model to optimize the parameters of photodynamic therapy. GO-Ag was prepared using the hydrothermal method, and characterization was done by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-rays Analysis (EDAX), atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The experiments were done both with laser exposure, as well as in darkness, to examine the phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites. The cytotoxicity of the GO-Ag was confirmed via a methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species production analysis. The phototoxic effect explored the dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability, as well as provoked cell death via apoptosis. An enormously significant escalation of ¹O₂ in the samples when exposed to daylight was perceived. Statistical analysis was performed on the experimental results to confirm the worth and clarity of the results, with p-values < 0.05 selected as significant. These outcomes suggest that GO-Ag nanocomposites could serve as potential candidates for targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Shaheen
- Department of Physics, Government College (GC) University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Hammad Aziz
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College (GC) University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Nilore 45650, Islamabad.
| | - Mahvish Fatima
- Department of Physics, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College (GC) University, Church Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Hanif
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saqib Anwar
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatima Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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Khan MS, Qureshi NA, Jabeen F, Asghar MS, Shakeel M, Fakhar-E-Alam M. Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Through Economical Methods and Assessment of Toxicity Through Oxidative Stress Analysis in the Labeo Rohita. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:416-428. [PMID: 27587025 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical and biological properties of metals change as the particles are reduced to nanoscale. This ability increases the application of nanoparticles in commercial and medical industry. Keeping in view this importance, Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized by reduction methods using formaldehyde as reducing agent in the chemical route and lemon extracts in the biological route. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of nanoparticles suggested that the particles were either agglomerated or spherical in shape with mean diameter of 16.59 nm in the chemical route and 42.93 nm in the biological route. The particles were between 5 and 80 nm with maximum frequency between 5 and 20 nm in the chemical route and between 5 and 100 nm with maximum frequency between 15 and 50 nm in the biological method. In the second phase of the study, the effect of Ag-NPs on the oxidative stress was studied. For this purpose, Labeo rohita (20 ± 2.5 g in weight and 12 ± 1.4 cm in length) were involved. Six treatments were applied in three replicates having five fishes in each replicate. The first treatment was used as control group, and the other five treatments were exposed to either 10 or 20 or 30 or 45 or 55 mg L-1 of Ag-NPs for 28 days. The treatment of Ag-NPs caused oxidative stress in the liver and gill tissues, which induced alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The level of catalase (CAT) was decreased in response to Ag-NPs concentration in dose-dependent manner. Ag-NPs treatment stimulated the liver and gill tissues to significantly increase the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which might be due to synthesis of SOD and addition in the pre-existing SOD level. The level decreases again due to depletion of SOD level. There was a sharp decline in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in both gills and liver tissues even at lower concentration, and this decrease in the GST activity was significantly different at each treatment after 28 days of treatment except 20 mg L-1. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of gills and liver tissues were increased with the increase in the concentration. The elevated levels of glutathione (GSH) showed that the liver started defensive mechanism against the oxyradicals. This study finds out the cheap eco-friendly and economical method of Ag-NP synthesis. It is further revealed that Ag-NPs caused oxidative stress in the aquatic animals if exposure occurs at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Shafa M, Akbar S, Gao L, Fakhar-E-Alam M, Wang ZM. Indium Antimonide Nanowires: Synthesis and Properties. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:164. [PMID: 27009531 PMCID: PMC4805681 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes some of the critical features of pure indium antimonide nanowires (InSb NWs) growth and their potential applications in the industry. In the first section, historical studies on the growth of InSb NWs have been presented, while in the second part, a comprehensive overview of the various synthesis techniques is demonstrated briefly. The major emphasis of current review is vapor phase deposition of NWs by manifold techniques. In addition, author review various protocols and methodologies employed to generate NWs from diverse material systems via self-organized fabrication procedures comprising chemical vapor deposition, annealing in reactive atmosphere, evaporation of InSb, molecular/ chemical beam epitaxy, solution-based techniques, and top-down fabrication method. The benefits and ill effects of the gold and self-catalyzed materials for the growth of NWs are explained at length. Afterward, in the next part, four thermodynamic characteristics of NW growth criterion concerning the expansion of NWs, growth velocity, Gibbs-Thomson effect, and growth model were expounded and discussed concisely. Recent progress in device fabrications is explained in the third part, in which the electrical and optical properties of InSb NWs were reviewed by considering the effects of conductivity which are diameter dependent and the applications of NWs in the fabrications of field-effect transistors, quantum devices, thermoelectrics, and detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafa
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sadaf Akbar
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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