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Enggi CK, Sulistiawati S, Himawan A, Raihan M, Iskandar IW, Saputra RR, Rahman L, Yulianty R, Manggau MA, Donelly RF, Aswad M, Permana AD. Application of Biomaterials in the Development of Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles Integrated with a Cyclodextrin Drug Reservoir for Improved Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Telmisartan. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1554-1576. [PMID: 38407993 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL) is a promising antihypertensive agent among other angiotensin receptor blockers. However, its oral application is limited by its poor water solubility. This study presents the successful utilization of biomaterial-based hydrogel-forming microneedles integrated with a direct compressed tablet reservoir (HFMN-DCT) for the transdermal delivery of telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension. The combination of PVP, PVA, and tartaric acid was used in the HFMN formulation. A range of cross-linking temperatures and times were employed to optimize the characteristics of the HFMN. The HFMN exhibited excellent swelling capacity, mechanical strength, and insertion properties. Additionally, the poorly soluble characteristic of TEL was improved by the inclusion complex formulation with β-cyclodextrin (βCD). Phase solubility analysis showed an Ap-type diagram, indicating a higher-order complex between TEL and βCD, with respect to βCD. A ratio of TEL:βCD of 1:4 mM demonstrates the highest solubility enhancement of TEL. The inclusion complex formation was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, DSC, and molecular docking studies. A significantly higher release of TEL (up to 20-fold) from the inclusion complex was observed in the in vitro release study. Subsequently, a DCT reservoir was developed using various concentrations of sodium starch glycolate. Essentially, both the HFMN and DCT reservoir exhibit hemocompatibility and did not induce any skin irritation. The optimized combination of the HFMN-DCT reservoir showed an ex vivo permeation profile of 83.275 ± 2.405%. Notably, the proposed system showed superior pharmacokinetic profiles in the in vivo investigation using male Wistar rats. Overall, this study highlights the potential of HFMN-DCT reservoir systems as a versatile platform for transdermal drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Achmad Himawan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Raihan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Rizki Rachmad Saputra
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Palangka Raya, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan 73111, Indonesia
| | - Latifah Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Risfah Yulianty
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Ryan F Donelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Aswad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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Setyawati A, Saleh A, Tahir T, Yusuf S, Syahrul S, Aminuddin A, Raihan M, Jafar N, Hamzah H, Arfian N. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Testing of Golden Rice Cookies With Piper Crocatum Active Extract for Preventing Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e49940. [PMID: 38422498 PMCID: PMC10940992 DOI: 10.2196/49940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present a formidable challenge to both patients and health care systems. DFUs significantly reduce the quality of life for patients, prolong hospital stays, and are the cause of approximately 70,000 lower limb amputations across the globe annually. Prevention of DFUs primarily involves the optimization of blood sugar levels and the effective management of complications, particularly peripheral neuropathy. Golden Rice has been proven to lower blood sugar levels due to its beta-carotene content, and Piper crocatum (P. crocatum) has been found to be effective in reducing the risk factors of DFUs through biomolecular regulation because of its polyphenol content. OBJECTIVE The principal objective of this study is to identify the efficacy of P. crocatum-enriched cookies, with Golden Rice as their primary ingredient, in preventing DFUs. The evaluation will center on their impact on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a pivotal factor in the development of DFUs. METHODS This study is an experimental clinical research that follows the randomized controlled trial method and uses a single-blind design. The participants in the study are outpatients from primary health centers in Makassar, Indonesia, who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The sample for the study will be randomly selected and subsequently categorized into 2 groups: the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group consumes P. crocatum-enriched Golden Rice cookies, while the control group receives cookies without these additives. The participants from both groups will consume their respective cookies (packaged identically) twice a day for 14 days. The cookies will be prepared according to a modified recipe with an emphasis on low glucose content, resulting in 51 calories per cookie, comprising 1% carbohydrates, 6% fat, 4% cholesterol, and 4% fiber, excluding gluten, sugar, and salt. They will be baked at 158°C for 20 minutes. The process involves the addition of 20% Golden Rice and 10% P. crocatum ethanol extract, both prepared via maceration with 96% ethanol. The dependent variable in this study is the expression of gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, to be assessed at 2 distinct time points-preintervention (pretest) and postintervention (posttest)-with the evaluation conducted through the western blotting method. RESULTS The recruitment and testing phase started in January 2024. The study is scheduled to be completed by the end of March 2024. Data analysis will commence in April 2024, and the publication of the results is anticipated in the same year (2024). The study will report on the changes in primary data, encompassing gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, as well as secondary data, including the ankle-brachial index, neuropathy score, and random blood glucose level. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this trial are expected to significantly impact the selection of strategies by health care practitioners to enhance diabetes self-management, particularly in the domain of therapeutic snacking, for patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20230502001; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20230502001. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/49940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andina Setyawati
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ariyanti Saleh
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Takdir Tahir
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Saldy Yusuf
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Aminuddin Aminuddin
- Department of Nutrition, Medicine Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Raihan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nuurhidayat Jafar
- Community Health Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hasyrul Hamzah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Debnath A, Hasan MM, Raihan M, Samrat N, Alsulami MM, Masud M, Bairagi AK. A Smartphone-Based Detection System for Tomato Leaf Disease Using EfficientNetV2B2 and Its Explainability with Artificial Intelligence (AI). Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8685. [PMID: 37960385 PMCID: PMC10648786 DOI: 10.3390/s23218685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of tomato diseases has substantially reduced agricultural output and financial losses. The timely detection of diseases is crucial to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of episodes. Early illness detection can improve output, reduce chemical use, and boost a nation's economy. A complete system for plant disease detection using EfficientNetV2B2 and deep learning (DL) is presented in this paper. This research aims to develop a precise and effective automated system for identifying several illnesses that impact tomato plants. This will be achieved by analyzing tomato leaf photos. A dataset of high-resolution photographs of healthy and diseased tomato leaves was created to achieve this goal. The EfficientNetV2B2 model is the foundation of the deep learning system and excels at picture categorization. Transfer learning (TF) trains the model on a tomato leaf disease dataset using EfficientNetV2B2's pre-existing weights and a 256-layer dense layer. Tomato leaf diseases can be identified using the EfficientNetV2B2 model and a dense layer of 256 nodes. An ideal loss function and algorithm train and tune the model. Next, the concept is deployed in smartphones and online apps. The user can accurately diagnose tomato leaf diseases with this application. Utilizing an automated system facilitates the rapid identification of diseases, assisting in making informed decisions on disease management and promoting sustainable tomato cultivation practices. The 5-fold cross-validation method achieved 99.02% average weighted training accuracy, 99.22% average weighted validation accuracy, and 98.96% average weighted test accuracy. The split method achieved 99.93% training accuracy and 100% validation accuracy. Using the DL approach, tomato leaf disease identification achieves nearly 100% accuracy on a test dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Debnath
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, North Western University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh; (A.D.); (M.M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Md. Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, North Western University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh; (A.D.); (M.M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - M. Raihan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, North Western University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh; (A.D.); (M.M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadim Samrat
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, North Western University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh; (A.D.); (M.M.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Mashael M. Alsulami
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mehedi Masud
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anupam Kumar Bairagi
- Computer Science and Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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Enggi CK, Mahardika F, Devara DM, Saputra MD, Wafiah N, Raihan M, Permana AD. HPLC-UV method validation for quantification of β-carotene in the development of sustained release supplement formulation containing solid dispersion-floating gel in situ. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115041. [PMID: 36152490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the health benefits of β-carotene, its activity has been hampered by poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a new approach to overcome these problems. In this study, we developed a dry powder supplement comprising a combination approach of solid dispersion and floating gel in situ of β-carotene to enhance the solubility and achieve sustained release behavior. Here, we validated an HPLC method to quantify β-carotene as per the guidelines from ICH. The analytical method was validated in methanol and Fasted-State Simulated Gastric Fluid (FaSSGF) to determine β-carotene in recovery and in vitro release studies, respectively. A simple HPLC method using Xselect CSH™ C18 column (Waters, 3.0 × 150 mm) with the particle size of 3.5 µm was validated with 100% acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The calibration curves were found to be linear with LLOQ values < 3 ng/mL. Importantly, the method was accurate and precise without a carry over effect and successfully applied to determine the β-carotene concentration in the content analysis of the compound and in vitro drug release from floating gel in situ laden with solid dispersion formulations. The sensitivity of the method obtained here offers a wide potential use in various applications in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fitrah Mahardika
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Nurfadilla Wafiah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Raihan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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Raihan M, Hassan MM, Hasan T, Bulbul AAM, Hasan MK, Hossain MS, Roy DS, Awal MA. Development of a Smartphone-Based Expert System for COVID-19 Risk Prediction at Early Stage. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070281. [PMID: 35877332 PMCID: PMC9311761 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has imposed many challenges and barriers on traditional healthcare systems due to the high risk of being infected by the coronavirus. Modern electronic devices like smartphones with information technology can play an essential role in handling the current pandemic by contributing to different telemedical services. This study has focused on determining the presence of this virus by employing smartphone technology, as it is available to a large number of people. A publicly available COVID-19 dataset consisting of 33 features has been utilized to develop the aimed model, which can be collected from an in-house facility. The chosen dataset has 2.82% positive and 97.18% negative samples, demonstrating a high imbalance of class populations. The Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) has been applied to overcome the class imbalance problem with imbalanced data. Ten optimal features are chosen from the given 33 features, employing two different feature selection algorithms, such as K Best and recursive feature elimination methods. Mainly, three classification schemes, Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), have been applied for the ablation studies, where the accuracy from the XGB, RF, and SVM classifiers achieved 97.91%, 97.81%, and 73.37%, respectively. As the XGB algorithm confers the best results, it has been implemented in designing the Android operating system base and web applications. By analyzing 10 users’ questionnaires, the developed expert system can predict the presence of COVID-19 in the human body of the primary suspect. The preprocessed data and codes are available on the GitHub repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Raihan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, North Western University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (M.M.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Md. Mehedi Hassan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, North Western University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (M.M.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Towhid Hasan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, North Western University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (M.M.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun Bulbul
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Quantitative Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
| | - Dipa Shuvo Roy
- Department of Information Science & Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Jnana Sangama, VTU Main Rd., Machhe, Belagavi 590018, India;
| | - Md. Abdul Awal
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-178-619-6913
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Asma N, Maddeppungeng NM, Raihan M, Erdiana AP, Himawan A, Permana AD. New HPLC-UV analytical method for quantification of metronidazole: Application to ex vivo ocular kinetic assessments following the administration of thermosensitive ocular in situ gel. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rehana H, Ahmed MR, Chakma R, Asaduzzaman S, Raihan M. A bioinformatics approach for identification of the core ontologies and signature genes of pulmonary disease and associated disease. Gene Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Spits Warnars HLH, Nicholas N, Raihan M, Ramadhan A, Mantoro T, Wan Adnan WA. Mobile Application for the Blind and Their Family. TEM Journal 2021. [DOI: 10.18421/tem103-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people want to use gadgets, but they cannot due to some reasons. One of the reasons is the person who is visually impaired and some children are challenged by birth. To overcome this problem, we have designed a mobile application to make communication easier between the blind and their family or their friends. In this project, we want to utilize some of the technology that already exists to develop a mobile application that can be used by the blind to communicate easily to their family.
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Nainu F, Masyita A, Bahar MA, Raihan M, Prova SR, Mitra S, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Pharmaceutical Prospects of Bee Products: Special Focus on Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070822. [PMID: 34356743 PMCID: PMC8300842 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee products have long been used in traditional healing practices to treat many types of disorders, including cancer and microbial-related diseases. Indeed, several chemical compounds found in bee products have been demonstrated to display anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. With the improvement of research tools and in view of recent advances related to bee products, this review aims to provide broad yet detailed insight into the pharmaceutical prospects of bee products such as honey, propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, bee bread, beeswax, and bee venom, in the domain of cancer and infectious disease management. Available literature confirms the efficacy of these bee products in the alleviation of cancer progression, inhibition of bacterial and viral proliferation, and mitigation of parasitic-related symptoms. With such potentials, bioactive components isolated from the bee products can be used as an alternative approach in the long-run effort to improve humans’ health at a personal and community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +62-821-9131-0384 (F.N.); +88-01819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-001 (J.S.-G.)
| | - Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Muh. Akbar Bahar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Raihan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.M.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Shajuthi Rahman Prova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +62-821-9131-0384 (F.N.); +88-01819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-001 (J.S.-G.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.N.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +62-821-9131-0384 (F.N.); +88-01819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-001 (J.S.-G.)
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Arora P, Raihan M, Kubba A, Gautam RK. Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis Treated with Potassium Iodide with Development of Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Wolff-Chaikoff Effect? Indian Dermatol Online J 2017; 8:475-477. [PMID: 29204393 PMCID: PMC5707842 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycotic infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii that is acquired by traumatic implantation. The diagnosis is established by demonstration of fungal elements on histopathology and culture. Potassium iodide, azole antifungals, and terbinafine are the treatment options available. In this article, we report a 60-year-old female with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis that responded well to potassium iodide. However, subclinical hypothyroidism (Wolff–Chaikoff effect) was encountered as a side effect of therapy which was managed with thyroxine replacement. Knowledge about the Wolff-Chaikoff effect (WCE) is important for the dermatologist and reinforces the need for screening and monitoring of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients where long duration therapy is being planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Arora
- Department of Dermatology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Raihan
- Department of Dermatology, Rama Medical College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asha Kubba
- Department of Pathology, Delhi Dermpath Laboratory, Delhi Dermatology Group, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram K Gautam
- Department of Dermatology, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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More A, Raihan M, Sagor MOF, Sikder G, Mondal S, Manjur MAA. MPS 12-08 SMARTPHONE BASED HEART ATTACK” RISK PREDICTION; INITIATION OF A CLINICALLY SIMPLE APPROACH. J Hypertens 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000500635.80084.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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