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Saputra H, Safaat M, Santoso P, Wakabayashi R, Goto M, Taira T, Kamiya N. Design of Protease-Responsive Antifungal Liposomal Formulation Decorated with a Lipid-Modified Chitin-Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3567. [PMID: 38612381 PMCID: PMC11011847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a prevalent fungal pathogen that displays antibiotic resistance. The polyene antifungal amphotericin B (AmB) has been the gold standard because of its broad antifungal spectra, and its liposomal formulation, AmBisome, has been used widely and clinically in treating fungal infections. Herein, we explored enhancing the antifungal activity of AmBisome by integrating a small chitin-binding domain (LysM) of chitinase A derived from Pteris ryukyuensis. LysM conjugated with a lipid (LysM-lipid) was initially prepared through microbial transglutaminase (MTG)-mediated peptide tag-specific conjugation of LysM with a lipid-peptide substrate. The AmBisome formulation modified with LysM-lipid conjugates had a size distribution that was comparable to the native liposomes but an increased zeta potential, indicating that LysM-lipid conjugates were anchored to AmBisome. LysM-lipid-modified AmBisome exhibited long-term stability at 4 °C while retaining the capacity to bind chitin. Nevertheless, the antifungal efficacy of LysM-lipid-modified AmBisome against C. albicans was modest. We then redesigned a new LysM-lipid conjugate by introducing a peptide linker containing a thrombin digestion (TD) site at the C-terminus of LysM (LysM-TD linker-lipid), thereby facilitating the liberation of the LysM domain from AmBisome upon the addition of thrombin. This new AmBisome formulation anchored with LysM-TD linker-lipid exhibited superior performance in suppressing C. albicans growth in the presence of thrombin compared with the LysM-lipid formulation. These results provide a platform to design stimuli-responsive AmBisome formulations that respond to external environments and thus advance the treatment of pathogenic fungi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Saputra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Muhammad Safaat
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Pugoh Santoso
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.S.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (R.W.); (M.G.)
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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