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Yasir Siddique M, Nazar MF, Mahmood M, Saleem MA, Alwadai N, Almuslem AS, Alshammari FH, Haider S, Akhtar MS, Hussain SZ, Safdar M, Akhlaq M. Microemulsified Gel Formulations for Topical Delivery of Clotrimazole: Structural and In Vitro Evaluation. Langmuir 2021; 37:13767-13777. [PMID: 34753286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsified gels (μEGs) with fascinating functions have become indispensable as topical drug delivery systems due to their structural flexibility, high stability, and facile manufacturing process. Topical administration is an attractive alternative to traditional methods because of advantages such as noninvasive administration, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and improving patient compliance. In this article, we report on the new formulations of microemulsion-based gels suitable for topical pharmaceutical applications using biocompatible and ecological ingredients. For this, two biocompatible μE formulations comprising clove oil/Brij-35/water/ethanol (formulation A) and clove oil/Brij-35/water/1-propanol (formulation B) were developed to encapsulate and improve the load of an antimycotic drug, Clotrimazole (CTZ), and further gelatinized to control the release of CTZ through skin barriers. By delimiting the pseudo-ternary phase diagram, optimum μE formulations with clove oil (∼15%) and Brij-35 (∼30%) were developed, keeping constant surfactant/co-surfactant ratio (1:1), to upheld 2.0 wt % CTZ. The as-developed formulations were further converted into smart gels by adding 2.0 wt % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a cross-linker to adhere to the controlled release of CTZ through complex skin barriers. Electron micrographs show a fine, monodispersed collection of CTZ-μE nanodroplets (∼60 nm), which did not coalesce even after gelation, forming spherical CTZ-μEG (∼90 nm). However, the maturity of CTZ nanodroplets observed by dynamic light scattering suggests the affinity of CTZ for the nonpolar microenvironment, which was further supported by the peak-to-peak correlation of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and fluorescence measurement. In addition, HPLC analysis showed that the in vitro permeation release of CTZ-μEG from rabbit skin in the ethanolic phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4) was significantly increased by >98% within 6.0 h. This indicates the sustained release of CTZ in μEBG and the improvement in transdermal therapeutic efficacy of CTZ over its traditional topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Faizan Nazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Multan Campus 60700, Pakistan
| | - Marryam Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Norah Alwadai
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Saleh Almuslem
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fwzah H Alshammari
- Department of Physics, University Colleges at Nairiyah, University of Hafr Al Batin (UHB), Nairiyah 31981 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK 29220, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhlaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK 29220, Pakistan
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Saleem MA, Yasir Siddique M, Nazar MF, Khan SUD, Ahmad A, Khan R, Hussain SZ, Mat Lazim A, Azfaralariff A, Mohamed M. Formation of Antihyperlipidemic Nano-Ezetimibe from Volatile Microemulsion Template for Enhanced Dissolution Profile. Langmuir 2020; 36:7908-7915. [PMID: 32551692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures play an important role in targeting sparingly water-soluble drugs to specific sites. Because of the structural flexibility and stability, the use of template microemulsions (μEs) can produce functional nanopharmaceuticals of different sizes, shapes, and chemical properties. In this article, we report a new volatile oil-in-water (o/w) μE formulation comprising ethyl acetate/ethanol/brij-35/water to obtain the highly water-dispersible nanoparticles of an antihyperlipidemic agent, ezetimibe (EZM-NPs), to enhance its dissolution profile. A pseudoternary phase diagram was delineated in a specified brij-35/ethanol ratio (1:1) to describe the transparent, optically isotropic domain of the as-formulated μE. The water-dilutable μE formulation, comprising an optimum composition of ethyl acetate (18.0%), ethanol (25.0%), brij-35 (25.0%), and water (32.0%), showed a good dissolvability of EZM around 4.8 wt % at pH 5.2. Electron micrographs showed a fine monomodal collection of EZM-loaded μE droplets (∼45 nm) that did not coalesce even after lyophilization, forming small spherical EZM-NPs (∼60 nm). However, the maturity of nanodrug droplets observed through dynamic light scattering suggests the affinity of EZM to the nonpolar microenvironment, which was further supported through peak-to-peak correlation of infrared analysis and fluorescence measurements. Moreover, the release profile of the as-obtained EZM-nanopowder increased significantly >98% in 30 min, which indicates that a reduced drug concentration will be needed for capsules or tablets in the future and can be simply incorporated into the multidosage formulation of EZM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Salah Ud-Din Khan
- Sustainable Energy Technologies (SET) Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Azfaralariff
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mazlan Mohamed
- Faculty of Bioenginering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan 17600, Malaysia
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Nazar MF, Mujeed A, Siddique MY, Zafar M, Saleem MA, Khan AM, Ashfaq M, Sumrra SH, Zubair M, Zafar MN. Structural dynamics of tween-based microemulsions for antimuscarinic drug mirabegron. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saleem MA, Nazar MF, Siddique MY, Khan AM, Ashfaq M, Hussain SZ, Khalid MR, Yameen B. Soft-templated fabrication of antihypertensive nano-Irbesartan: Structural and dissolution evaluation. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Nazar MF, Yasir Siddique M, Saleem MA, Zafar M, Nawaz F, Ashfaq M, Khan AM, Abd Ur Rahman HM, Tahir MB, Mat Lazim A. Fourth-Generation Antibiotic Gatifloxacin Encapsulated by Microemulsions: Structural and Probing Dynamics. Langmuir 2018; 34:10603-10612. [PMID: 30109940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the increased disease rate, utilization of the versatile broad spectrum antibiotic drugs in controlled drug-delivery systems has been a challenging and complex consignment. However, with the development of microemulsion (μE)-based formulations, drugs can be effectively encapsulated and transferred to the target source. Herein, two biocompatible oil-in-water (o/w) μE formulations comprising clove oil/Tween 20/ethylene glycol/water (formulation A) and clove oil/Tween 20/1-butanol/water (formulation B) were developed for encapsulating the gatifloxacin (GTF), a fourth-generation antibiotic. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were mapped at a constant surfactant/co-surfactant (1:1) ratio to bound the existence of a monophasic isotropic region for as-formulated μEs. Multiple complementary characterization techniques, namely, conductivity (σ), viscosity (η), and optical microscopy analyses, were used to study the gradual changes that occurred in the microstructure of the as-formulated μEs, indicating the presence of a percolation transformation to a bicontinuous permeate flow. GTF showed good solubility, 3.2 wt % at pH 6.2 and 4.0 wt % at pH 6.8, in optimum μE of formulation A and formulation B, respectively. Each loaded μE formulation showed long-term stability over 8 months of storage. Moreover, no observable aggregation of GTF was found, as revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and peak-to-peak correlation of IR analysis, indicating the stability of GTF inside the formulation. The average particle size of each μE, measured by dynamic light scattering, increased upon loading GTF, intending the accretion of drug in the interfacial layers of microdomains. Likewise, fluorescence probing sense an interfacial hydrophobic environment to GTF molecules in any of the examined formulations, which may be of significant interest for understanding the kinetics of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Faisal Nawaz
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities , University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Faisalabad Campus) , Faisalabad 54890 , Pakistan
| | | | - Asad Muhammad Khan
- Department of Chemistry , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad 22060 , Pakistan
| | | | | | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology , University Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi 43600 , Selangor , Malaysia
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