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Quadrelli E, Bartoli B, Bolognini N, Cavanna AE, Zibordi F, Nardocci N, Turati C, Termine C. Automatic imitation in youngsters with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: A behavioral study. Child Neuropsychol 2021; 27:782-798. [PMID: 33641606 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1892050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that humans have a tendency to imitate each other and that appropriate modulation of automatic imitative behaviors has a crucial function in social interactions. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics. Apart from tics, patients with GTS are often reported to show an abnormal tendency to automatically imitate others' behaviors (i.e., echophenomena), which may be related to a failure in top-down inhibition of imitative response tendencies. The aim of the current study is to explore the top-down inhibitory mechanisms on automatic imitative behaviors in youngsters with GTS. Error rates and reaction times from 32 participants with GTS and 32 controls were collected in response to an automatic imitation task assessing the influence of observed movements displayed in the first-person perspective on congruent and incongruent motor responses. Results showed that participants with GTS had higher error rates than controls, and their responses were faster than those of controls in incompatible stimuli. Our findings provide novel evidence of a key difference between youngsters with GTS and typically developing participants in the ability to effectively control the production of own motor responses to sensory inputs deriving from observed actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Quadrelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - B Bartoli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - N Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - A E Cavanna
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Zibordi
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - N Nardocci
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - C Turati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - C Termine
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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2
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Bolognini N, Russo C, Souza Carneiro MI, Nicotra A, Olgiati E, Spandri V, Agostoni E, Salmaggi A, Vallar G. Bi-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation for upper-limb hemiparesis in acute stroke: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2473-2482. [PMID: 32697879 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuromodulation is a promising approach to increasing motor recovery in stroke; however, to date, there is a scarcity of evidence documenting the clinical potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administered in the acute phase of stroke. The present study aims to examine the clinical effects of a treatment involving the application of tDCS in the acute stage post-stroke. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. A cohort of 32 stroke patients with severe motor impairment underwent 5 days of treatment with real or sham bi-hemispheric tDCS over the motor cortex. During the treatment, tDCS was applied twice per day (two daily applications each of 15 min), starting 48 to 72 h after stroke onset. RESULTS We found statistically significant improvements after both real and sham tDCS treatments in primary (hand grip strength, Motricity Index) and secondary (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Barthel Index) outcomes. Patients receiving real tDCS showed a larger improvement of upper-limb muscle strength at the end of treatment phase; this advantage was no longer present after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Transcranial direct current stimulation may be used to accelerate the rate of upper-limb motor recovery during the spontaneous recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bolognini
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Russo
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neurology - Stroke Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - M I Souza Carneiro
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - A Nicotra
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - E Olgiati
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V Spandri
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neurology - Stroke Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - E Agostoni
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Salmaggi
- Neurology - Stroke Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - G Vallar
- Department of Psychology and Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Neuropsychological Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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3
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Zapparoli L, Seghezzi S, Zirone E, Guidali G, Tettamanti M, Banfi G, Bolognini N, Paulesu E. How the effects of actions become our own. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/27/eaay8301. [PMID: 32937445 PMCID: PMC7458439 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Every day, we do things that cause effects in the outside world with little doubt about who caused what. To some, this sense of agency derives from a post hoc reconstruction of a likely causal relationship between an event and our preceding movements; others propose that the sense of agency originates from prospective comparisons of motor programs and their effects. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that the sense of agency is associated with a brain network including the pre-supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsal parietal cortex. Transcranial magnetic stimulation affected the sense of agency only when delivered over the pre-SMA and specifically when time-locked to action planning, rather than when the physical consequences of the actions appeared. These findings make a prospective theory of the sense of agency more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zapparoli
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - S Seghezzi
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - E Zirone
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - G Guidali
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - M Tettamanti
- CIMeC-Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - G Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - N Bolognini
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - E Paulesu
- Psychology Department and NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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4
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Bolognini N, Souza Carneiro MI, Russo C, Vallar G. Transcranial direct current stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: ready to move to randomized clinical trials and clinical practice? The issue of safety guidelines. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:e78. [PMID: 29024357 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Bolognini
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCSS Istituto Auxologico, Milano, Italy
| | - M I Souza Carneiro
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - C Russo
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - G Vallar
- Department of Psychology and NeuroMi, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCSS Istituto Auxologico, Milano, Italy
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5
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Bolognini N. T004 Cognitive processes of motor behavior revealed by tDCS. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Romero Lauro L, Pisoni A, Vergallito A, Bolognini N. P121 The neurophysiological underpinnings of mirror-touch synaesthesia: A TMS-EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Garbarini F, Bruno V, Fossataro C, Zigiotto L, Bolognini N. The role of parietal cortex during monitoring of involuntary movement: a combined TMS and tDCS study. Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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8
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Romero Lauro L, Pisoni A, Rosanova M, Mattavelli G, Bolognini N, Vallar G. Tracking the effects of tDCS on cortical plasticity by means of TMS-EEG. Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Natale E, Addabbo M, Marchis IC, Bolognini N, Macchi Cassia V, Turati C. Action priming with biomechanically possible and impossible grasps: ERP evidence from 6-month-old infants. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:560-569. [PMID: 27266367 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1197853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Coding the direction of others' gestures is a fundamental human ability, since it allows the observer to attend and react to sources of potential interest in the environment. Shifts of attention triggered by action observation have been reported to occur early in infancy. Yet, the neurophysiological underpinnings of such action priming and the properties of gestures that might be crucial for it remain unknown. Here, we addressed these issues by recording electroencephalographic activity (EEG) from 6-month-old infants cued with spatially non-predictive hand grasping toward or away from the position of a target object, i.e., valid and invalid trials, respectively. Half of the infants were cued with a gesture executable by a human hand (possible gesture) and the other half with a gesture impossible to be executed by a human hand. Results show that the amplitude enhancement of the posterior N290 component in response to targets in valid trials, as compared to invalid trials, was present only for infants seeing possible gestures, while it was absent for infants seeing impossible gestures. These findings suggest that infants detect the biomechanical properties of human movements when processing hand gestures, relying on this information to orient their visual attention toward the target object.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Natale
- a Department of Psychology and NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy
| | - M Addabbo
- a Department of Psychology and NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy
| | - I C Marchis
- a Department of Psychology and NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy
| | - N Bolognini
- a Department of Psychology and NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy.,b Laboratory of Neuropsychology , IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano , Milan , Italy
| | - V Macchi Cassia
- a Department of Psychology and NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy
| | - C Turati
- a Department of Psychology and NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience , University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy
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10
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Rossetti A, Romano D, Bolognini N, Maravita A. Corrigendum to: “Dynamic expansion of alert responses to incoming painful stimuli following tool use” [Neuropsychologia 70 (2015) 486–494]. Neuropsychologia 2016; 86:193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Cabezas L, Amaya D, Bolognini N, Lencina A. Speckle fields generated with binary diffusers and synthetic pupils implemented on a spatial light modulator. Appl Opt 2015; 54:5691-5696. [PMID: 26193016 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.005691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Digitally controllable Gaussian speckle fields were experimentally generated by implementing binary diffusers and synthetic pupils on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. The synthetic pupil comprises a Ronchi phase mask and a proper filtering of its diffraction orders. The binary diffuser is displayed inside an aperture defined onto the Ronchi phase mask. We demonstrated that this implementation replaces the need of using a ground glass and a physical pupil. In this way, the average speckle size, the statistical independence among the generated speckle patterns, and the average intensity distribution can be dynamically controlled.
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12
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Brighina F, Bolognini N, Cosentino G, Maccora S, Paladino P, Baschi R, Vallar G, Fierro B. Visual cortex hyperexcitability in migraine in response to sound-induced flash illusions. Neurology 2015; 84:2057-61. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Fregni F, Nitsche MA, Loo CK, Brunoni AR, Marangolo P, Leite J, Carvalho S, Bolognini N, Caumo W, Paik NJ, Simis M, Ueda K, Ekhitari H, Luu P, Tucker DM, Tyler WJ, Brunelin J, Datta A, Juan CH, Venkatasubramanian G, Boggio PS, Bikson M. Regulatory Considerations for the Clinical and Research Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): review and recommendations from an expert panel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 32:22-35. [PMID: 25983531 DOI: 10.3109/10601333.2015.980944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The field of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has experienced significant growth in the past 15 years. One of the tES techniques leading this increased interest is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Significant research efforts have been devoted to determining the clinical potential of tDCS in humans. Despite the promising results obtained with tDCS in basic and clinical neuroscience, further progress has been impeded by a lack of clarity on international regulatory pathways. We therefore convened a group of research and clinician experts on tDCS to review the research and clinical use of tDCS. In this report, we review the regulatory status of tDCS, and we summarize the results according to research, off-label and compassionate use of tDCS in the following countries: Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Portugal, South Korea, Taiwan and United States. Research use, off label treatment and compassionate use of tDCS are employed in most of the countries reviewed in this study. It is critical that a global or local effort is organized to pursue definite evidence to either approve and regulate or restrict the use of tDCS in clinical practice on the basis of adequate randomized controlled treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M A Nitsche
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C K Loo
- School of Psychiatry & The Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A R Brunoni
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Division of Neurology, Santa Casa Medicak School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Marangolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, and IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - J Leite
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA ; Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - S Carvalho
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA ; Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - N Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, and Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCC Instituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - W Caumo
- Laboratory of Pain & Neuromodulation at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre at UFRGS
| | - N J Paik
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Simis
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Division of Neurology, Santa Casa Medicak School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Ueda
- National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Ekhitari
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran ; Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Luu
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., and University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - D M Tucker
- Electrical Geodesics, Inc., and University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - W J Tyler
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, and School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA USA
| | - J Brunelin
- EA 4615, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, Université de Lyon, F-69003, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - A Datta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neural Engineering Laboratory, The City College of the City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - C H Juan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - G Venkatasubramanian
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - P S Boggio
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Healthy and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Neural Engineering Laboratory, The City College of the City University of New York New York, NY, USA
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Brighina F, Bolognini N, Vallar G, Cosentino G, Maccora S, Paladino P, Indovino S, Baschi R, Fierro B. EHMTI-0280. Cortical excitability changes in chronic migraine vs episodic migraine: evidence by sound-induced flash illusions. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4182216 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Lencina A, Solano P, Staforelli JP, Brito JM, Tebaldi M, Bolognini N. Three-dimensional clustered speckle fields: theory, simulations and experimental verification. Opt Express 2012; 20:21145-21159. [PMID: 23037239 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.021145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Clustered speckle patterns are a particular type of speckles that appear when a coherently illuminated diffuser is imaged through a multiple aperture pupil mask attached to a lens. The cluster formation is the result of the complex speckle modulations of the multiple interferences produced by the apertures. In this paper, a three-dimensional analytical approach to simulate cluster speckles everywhere after the lens is presented. This approach has the possibility of including multiple aperture masks at the lens and at the diffuser, in contrast to previous works which were also limited to the description of the patterns only at the image plane. This model contributes to the development of tailor made speckle patterns that can be used in diverse optical applications, including those lying in the focus region. The approach is validated under different conditions by comparing experimental results with simulations on a statistical basis. Some aspects of possible uses of these clusters are briefly revised, such as optical trapping, manipulation and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lencina
- Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CONICET La Plata - CIC), C.C. 3, 1897 Gonnet, Argentina
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16
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Cacciari C, Bolognini N, Senna I, Pellicciari MC, Miniussi C, Papagno C. Literal, fictive and metaphorical motion sentences preserve the motion component of the verb: a TMS study. Brain Lang 2011; 119:149-157. [PMID: 21684590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to assess whether reading literal, non-literal (i.e., metaphorical, idiomatic) and fictive motion sentences modulates the activity of the motor system. Sentences were divided into three segments visually presented one at a time: the noun phrase, the verb and the final part of the sentence. Single pulse-TMS was delivered at the end of the sentence over the leg motor area in the left hemisphere and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the right gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. MEPs were larger when participants were presented with literal, fictive and metaphorical motion sentences than with idiomatic motion or mental sentences. These results suggest that the excitability of the motor system is modulated by the motor component of the verb, which is preserved in fictive and metaphorical motion sentences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cacciari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio-Emilia, Italy
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- H.J. Rabal
- a Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CONICET-UNLP-CIC), Casilla de Correo 124, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - N. Bolognini
- a Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CONICET-UNLP-CIC), Casilla de Correo 124, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - E.E. Sicre
- a Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (CONICET-UNLP-CIC), Casilla de Correo 124, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bolognini
- a Physikalisches Institut der Universität, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 8520 Erlangen, F.R. Germany
| | - J. Ojeda-Castañeda
- a Physikalisches Institut der Universität, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 8520 Erlangen, F.R. Germany
| | - E.E. Sicre
- a Physikalisches Institut der Universität, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 8520 Erlangen, F.R. Germany
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Bolognini N, Rasi F, Coccia M, Ladavas E. Visual search improvement in hemianopic patients after audio-visual stimulation. Am J Ophthalmol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Lencina A, Vaveliuk P, Tebaldi M, Bolognini N. Modulated speckle simulations based on the random-walk model. Opt Lett 2003; 28:1748-1750. [PMID: 14514088 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.001748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The random-walk model is employed to simulate modulated speckle patterns. We demonstrate that the geometrical image approximation fails to describe the modulated speckle pattern. A new approach to analyzing this phenomenon is proposed. The validity of the approximations employed is verified by comparison of the simulation with the experimental results. Speckle metrological applications and phase measurement techniques could be improved by taking advantage of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lencina
- Laboratório de Optica Não Linear, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brasil.
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Angel L, Tebaldi M, Bolognini N, Trivi M. Speckle photography with different pupils in a multiple-exposure scheme. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2000; 17:107-119. [PMID: 10641845 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.17.000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of different multiple-aperture pupils for recording each image in speckle photography is proposed. The introduction of suitable spatial frequency carriers, by internally modulating imaged speckles, allows one to selectively isolate or combine the spectral content of different images into spatially separated regions in the Fourier plane. Theoretical and experimental results extend the speckle photography technique to the depiction of several specklegrams of multiple uniform in-plane displacements. In this case, because different pupils are considered for recording, the cross-correlation functions for the amplitudes and intensities in the image plane are calculated on the basis of the statistical properties of the object. Also, the ensemble-average intensity in the Fourier plane is analytically derived, and fringe visibility is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Angel
- Centro de Investigaciones Opticas (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas) and Optimo, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Argentina
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22
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Granieri S, Del Carmen Lasprilla M, Bolognini N, Sicre EE. Space-variant optical correlator based on the fractional Fourier transform: implementation by the use of a photorefractive Bi(12)GeO(2(a)) (BGO) holographic filter. Appl Opt 1996; 35:6951-6954. [PMID: 21151293 DOI: 10.1364/ao.35.006951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A space-variant optical correlator is proposed on the basis of the fractional Fourier transform. The optical device uses as a recording medium for the holographic filter a photorefractive Bi(12)GeO(2) (BGO) crystal. The experimental results confirm the shift-variance properties. Some limitations that arise from the volume diffraction are also considered.
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Bolognini N, Arizmendi L, Solymar L. Spatial frequency filtering in holographic image reconstruction. Appl Opt 1995; 34:243-248. [PMID: 20963108 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We show that reconstructing a hologram by its object beam leads to spatial filtering, namely, to the suppression of spatial frequency components that are perpendicular to the plane of the recording beams. We conduct experiments by rotating the transparencies of Ronchi gratings and crossed gratings and measuring the corresponding diffraction efficiencies. Good agreement is found with a theory based on image reconstruction with a beam that does not quite satisfy the Bragg condition.
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Bolognini N, Rabal H, Torroba R. Single-beam digital holographic contouring. Appl Opt 1992; 31:1009-1011. [PMID: 20720715 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for digital holographic contouring that uses a diffraction grating to generate the reference beam and to introduce adequate phase delay in the object beam is described.
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25
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Grosz SI, Zerbino LM, Bolognini N. Pseudocoloring with BSO crystals. Appl Opt 1990; 29:3337-3338. [PMID: 20567416 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.003337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new pseudocoloring technique is proposed using photorefractive BSO crystals biased under the influence of an externally applied electric field with coherent or incoherent illumination.
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26
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Duchowicz R, Trivi M, Scaffardi L, Bolognini N. Speckle stereograms of moving objects. Appl Opt 1990; 29:1871-1872. [PMID: 20563101 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have extended our speckle stereogram technique to 3-D image displays of moving objects that otherwise would require information reduction procedures.
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Trivi M, Bolognini N. Three-dimensional display through speckle patterns: a single exposure method. Appl Opt 1988; 27:2370-2371. [PMID: 20531763 DOI: 10.1364/ao.27.002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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28
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Trivi M, Rabal HJ, Bolognini N, Sicre EE, Garavaglia MJ. Three-dimensional display through speckle stereograms. Appl Opt 1986; 25:3776. [PMID: 18235692 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.003776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Bolognini N, Goldman F. Management of major forefoot trauma. J Foot Surg 1985; 24:88-98. [PMID: 2859308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians treating foot trauma should be familiar with the basic principles of wound management, such as debridement, fasciectomy, primary versus delayed wound closure, and the prevention and treatment of gas gangrene (1,2,4-6). Treatment modalities vary, depending on training and personal experience. In severe cases of foot trauma, such as crush injuries and open fractures involving skin, underlying soft tissue, and bone, the authors advocate staging of treatment with frequent assessment of the wounds. Furthermore, we recommend judicious preservation of bone and soft tissue in the initial management of such cases. Four cases have been presented to illustrate these principles.
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31
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Trivi M, Bolognini N, Sicre EE, Rabal HJ, Garavaglia M. Color storage and gray level pseudocoloring using a speckle carrier. Appl Opt 1984; 23:341. [PMID: 18204563 DOI: 10.1364/ao.23.000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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32
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Rabal HJ, Sicre EE, Bolognini N, Arizaga R, Garavaglia M. Stereograms through a speckle carrier. Appl Opt 1983; 22:881. [PMID: 18195892 DOI: 10.1364/ao.22.000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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33
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Bolognini N, Sicre EE, Arizaga R, Rabal HJ, Garavaglia M. Pseudocoloring method using two different spatial modulations. Appl Opt 1982; 21:2099-2100. [PMID: 20395989 DOI: 10.1364/ao.21.002099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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34
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Bolognini N, Rabal HJ, Sicre EE, Garavaglia M. Rigid body motion measurements with Fourier lensless holography. Appl Opt 1981; 20:2342-2344. [PMID: 20332955 DOI: 10.1364/ao.20.002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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35
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Sicre EE, Bolognini N, Rabal HJ, Garavaglia M. Color storage and image processing through Young's fringes modulated speckle. Appl Opt 1980; 19:3262-3263. [PMID: 20234603 DOI: 10.1364/ao.19.003262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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36
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Sicre EE, Bolognini N, Rabal HJ, Garavaglia M. In-plane motion measurements with Fourier lensless holography. Appl Opt 1980; 19:1570-1572. [PMID: 20221077 DOI: 10.1364/ao.19.001570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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