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Cherkashin N, Louiset A, Chmielewski A, Kim DJ, Dubourdieu C, Schamm-Chardon S. Corrigendum to 'Quantitative mapping of strain and displacement fields over HR-TEM and HR-STEM images of crystals with reference to a virtual lattice' Ultramicroscopy 253 (2023) 113778>. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 254:113801. [PMID: 37380579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Cherkashin
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - A Louiset
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A Chmielewski
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - D J Kim
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Dubourdieu
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Physical Chemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schamm-Chardon
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Cherkashin N, Louiset A, Chmielewski A, Kim DJ, Dubourdieu C, Schamm-Chardon S. Quantitative mapping of strain and displacement fields over HR-TEM and HR-STEM images of crystals with reference to a virtual lattice. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113778. [PMID: 37329809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A method for the reciprocal space treatment of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) images has been developed. Named "Absolute strain" (AbStrain), it allows for quantification and mapping of interplanar distances and angles, displacement fields and strain tensor components with reference to a user-defined Bravais lattice and with their corrections from the image distortions specific to HR-TEM and HR-STEM imaging. We provide the corresponding mathematical formalism. AbStrain goes beyond the restriction of the existing method known as geometric phase analysis by enabling direct analysis of the area of interest without the need for reference lattice fringes of a similar crystal structure on the same field of view. In addition, for the case of a crystal composed of two or more types of atoms, each with its own sub-structure constraint, we developed a method named "Relative displacement" for extracting sub-lattice fringes associated to one type of atom and measuring atomic columns displacements associated to each sub-structure with reference to a Bravais lattice or to another sub-structure. The successful application of AbStrain and Relative displacement to HR-STEM images of functional oxide ferroelectric heterostructures is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cherkashin
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - A Louiset
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - A Chmielewski
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - D J Kim
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Dubourdieu
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Physical Chemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schamm-Chardon
- CEMES-CNRS and Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Prudkovskiy VS, Iacovella F, Katin KP, Maslov MM, Cherkashin N. A bottom-up approach for controlled deformation of carbon nanotubes through blistering of supporting substrate surface. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:365304. [PMID: 29897890 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacc5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the band structure and, in particular, gap opening in 1D and 2D materials through their deformation is a promising approach for their application in modern semiconductor devices. However, there is an essential breach between existing laboratory scale methods applied for deformation of low-dimensional materials and the needs of large-scale production. In this work, we propose a novel method which is potentially well compatible with high end technological applications: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) first deposited on the flat surface of a supporting wafer, which has been pre-implanted with H+ and He+ ions, are deformed in a controlled and repetitive manner over blisters formed after subsequent thermal annealing. By using resonant Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the SWCNTs clamped by metallic stripes at their ends are deformed over blisters to an average tensile strain of 0.15 ± 0.03%, which is found to be in a good agreement with the value calculated taking into account blister's dimensions. The principle of the technique may be applied to other 1D and 2D materials in perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Prudkovskiy
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece. Laboratory of Computational Design of Nanostructures, Nanodevices and Nanotechnologies, Research Institute for the Development of Scientific and Educational Potential of Youth, Aviatorov Street 14/55, Moscow 119620, Russia
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Ledentsov NN, Shchukin VA, Shernyakov YM, Kulagina MM, Payusov AS, Gordeev NY, Maximov MV, Zhukov AE, Denneulin T, Cherkashin N. Room-temperature yellow-orange (In,Ga,Al)P-GaP laser diodes grown on (n11) GaAs substrates. Opt Express 2018; 26:13985-13994. [PMID: 29877443 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report room temperature injection lasing in the yellow-orange spectral range (599-605 nm) in (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P-GaAs diodes with 4 layers of tensile-strained InyGa1-yP quantum dot-like insertions. The wafers were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy side-by-side on (811), (211) and (322) GaAs substrates tilted towards the <111> direction with respect to the (100) surface. Four sheets of GaP-rich quantum barrier insertions were applied to suppress leakage of non-equilibrium electrons from the gain medium. Laser diodes having a threshold current densities of ~7-10 kA/cm2 at room temperature were realized for both (211) and (322) surface orientations at cavity lengths of ~1mm. Emission wavelength at room temperature ~600 nm is shorter by ~8 nm than previously reported. As an opposite example, the devices grown on (811) GaAs substrates did not show lasing at room temperature.
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Javon E, Lubk A, Cours R, Reboh S, Cherkashin N, Houdellier F, Gatel C, Hÿtch M. Dynamical effects in strain measurements by dark-field electron holography. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 147:70-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vincent L, Boukhicha R, Cherkashin N, Reboh S, Patriarche G, Renard C, Yam V, Fossard F, Bouchier D. Composition and local strain mapping in Au-catalyzed axial Si/Ge nanowires. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:395701. [PMID: 22962281 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/39/395701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For most applications, heterostructures in nanowires (NWs) with lattice mismatched materials are required and promise certain advantages thanks to lateral strain relaxation. The formation of Si/Ge axial heterojunctions is a challenging task to obtain straight, defect free and extended NWs. And the control of the interface will determine the future device properties. This paper reports the growth and analysis of NWs consisting of an axial Si/Ge heterostructure grown by a vapor-liquid-solid process. The composition gradient and the strain distribution at the heterointerface were measured by advanced quantitative electron microscopy methods with a resolution at the nanometer scale. The transition from pure Ge to pure Si shows an exponential slope with a transition width of 21 nm for a NW diameter of 31 nm. Although diffuse, the heterointerface makes possible strain engineering along the axis of the NW. The interface is dislocation-free and a tensile out-of-plane strain is noticeable in the Ge section of the NW, indicating a lattice accommodation. Experimental results were compared to finite element calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vincent
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale, UMR 8622, Orsay, F-91405, France.
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Schamm S, Bonafos C, Coffin H, Cherkashin N, Carrada M, Ben Assayag G, Claverie A, Tencé M, Colliex C. Imaging Si nanoparticles embedded in SiO(2) layers by (S)TEM-EELS. Ultramicroscopy 2007; 108:346-57. [PMID: 17616256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of systems in which Si nanoparticles are embedded in a thin silica layer is today mature for non-volatile memory and opto-electronics applications. The control of the different parameters (position, size and density) of the nanoparticles population is a key point to optimize the properties of such systems. A review of dedicated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, which can be used to measure these parameters, is presented with an emphasis on those relying on electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Defocused bright-field imaging can be used in order to determine topographic information of a whole assembly of nanoparticles, but it is not efficient for looking at individual nanoparticles. High-resolution electron imaging or dark-field imaging can be of help in the case of crystalline particles but they always provide underestimated values of the nanocrystals population. EELS imaging in the low-energy-loss domain around the Si plasmon peak, which gives rise to strong signals, is the only way to visualize all Si nanoparticles within a silica film and to perform reliable size and density measurements. Two complementary types of experiments are investigated and discussed more extensively: direct imaging with a transmission electron microscope equipped with an imaging filter (EFTEM) and indirect imaging from spectrum-imaging data acquired with a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with a spectrometer (STEM-PEELS). The direct image (EFTEM) and indirect set of spectra (STEM-PEELS) are processed in order to deliver images where the contribution of the silica matrix is minimized. The contrast of the resulting images can be enhanced with adapted numerical filters for further morphometric analysis. The two methods give equivalent results, with an easier access for EFTEM and the possibility of a more detailed study of the EELS signatures in the case of STEM-PEELS. Irradiation damage in such systems is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schamm
- nMat Group, CEMES-CNRS, 31055 Toulouse, France.
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Perego M, Fanciulli M, Bonafos C, Cherkashin N. Synthesis of mono and bi-layer of Si nanocrystals embedded in a dielectric matrix by e-beam evaporation of SiO/SiO2 thin films. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Personnic S, Tauzin A, Bourdelle KK, Letertre F, Kernevez N, Laugier F, Cherkashin N, Claverie A, Fortunier R. Time Dependence Study Of Hydrogen-Induced Defects In Silicon During Thermal Anneals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2401463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Cherkashin N, Bonafos C, Coffin H, Carrada M, Schamm S, Ben Assayag G, Chassaing D, Dimitrakis P, Normand P, Perego M, Fanciulli M, Muller T, Heinig KH, Claverie A. Fabrication of nanocrystal memories by ultra low energy ion implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200460523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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