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Grosjean A, Donovan D, Johnson C, Gunn J, Guillemaut C, Fedorczak N, Klepper C, Unterberg E. Refining light impurity content estimates at the lower divertor based on experimental data in WEST. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2023.101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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2
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Di Genova S, Ciraolo G, Gallo A, Romazanov J, Fedorczak N, Bufferand H, Tamain P, Rivals N, Marandet Y, Brezinsek S, Serre E. First 3D modeling of tungsten erosion and migration in WEST discharges adopting a toroidally non-symmetric wall geometry. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Yang H, Ciraolo G, Bucalossi J, Bufferand H, Fedorczak N, Tamain P, Falchetto G, Rivals N, Gunn J, Marandet Y, Pégourié B, Vartanian S. Numerical modeling of the impact of leakage under divertor baffle in WEST. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Maeker J, Nichols J, Donovan D, Grosjean A, Gunn J, Fedorczak N, Guillemaut C, Klepper C, Unterberg E, Easley D, Team WEST. OEDGE modeling of far-SOL tungsten impurity sources and screening in WEST. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Barbui T, Chellai O, Delgado-Aparicio L, Ellis R, Hill K, Stratton B, Wallace J, Wisniewski J, Cantone B, Dumont R, Fedorczak N, Hatchressian J, Lotte P, Malard P. Design and engineering challenges of a multi-energy hard x-ray camera for long-pulse profile measurements at WEST tokamak. Fusion Engineering and Design 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Gunn J, Bucalossi J, Corre Y, Diez M, Delmas E, Fedorczak N, Grosjean A, Firdaouss M, Gaspar J, Loarer T, Missirlian M, Moreau P, Nardon E, Reux C, Richou M, Tsitrone E. Thermal loads in gaps between ITER divertor monoblocks: First lessons learnt from WEST. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Fedorczak N, Gaspar J, Corre Y, Grosjean A, Courtois X, Gunn J, Mitteau R, Dejarnac R, Bucalossi J, Tsitrone E, Loarer T, Brezinsek S. Cross diagnostics measurements of heat load profiles on the lower tungsten divertor of WEST in L-mode experiments. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Bisson R, Hodille E, Gaspar J, Douai D, Wauters T, Gallo A, Gunn J, Hakola A, Loarer T, Nouailletas R, Morales J, Pégourié B, Reux C, Sabot R, Tsitrone E, Vartanian S, Wang E, Fedorczak N, Brezinsek S. Deuterium and helium outgassing following plasma discharges in WEST: Delayed D outgassing during D-to-He changeover experiments studied with threshold ionization mass spectrometry. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Urbanczyk G, Fedorczak N, Gunn J, Colas L, Li J, Wang K. Perspective of analogy between heat loads and impurity production in L-mode discharges with ICRH in WEST. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Militello F, Aho-Mantila L, Ambrosino R, Body T, Bufferand H, Calabro G, Ciraolo G, Coster D, Di Gironimo G, Fanelli P, Fedorczak N, Herrmann A, Innocente P, Kembleton R, Lilburne J, Lunt T, Marzullo D, Merriman S, Moulton D, Nielsen A, Omotani J, Ramogida G, Reimerdes H, Reinhart M, Ricci P, Riva F, Stegmeir A, Subba F, Suttrop W, Tamain P, Teschke M, Thrysoe A, Treutterer W, Varoutis S, Wensing M, Wilde A, Wischmeier M, Xiang L. Preliminary analysis of alternative divertors for DEMO. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gaspar J, Aumeunier MH, Le Bohec M, Rigollet F, Brezinsek S, Corre Y, Courtois X, Dejarnac R, Diez M, Dubus L, Fedorczak N, Houry M, Moncada V, Moreau P, Pocheau C, Talatizi C, Tsitrone E. In-situ assessment of the emissivity of tungsten plasma facing components of the WEST tokamak. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Ciraolo G, Thin A, Bufferand H, Bucalossi J, Fedorczak N, Gunn J, Pascal J, Tamain P, Gil C, Gouin A, Meyer O, Devynck P, Vartanian S, Klepper C, Serre E, Nespoli F, Gallo A, Marandet Y, Rosato J. First modeling of strongly radiating WEST plasmas with SOLEDGE-EIRENE. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Baschetti S, Bufferand H, Ciraolo G, Fedorczak N, Ghendrih P, Tamain P, Serre E. A κ−ε model for plasma anomalous transport in tokamaks: closure via the scaling of the global confinement. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Nespoli F, Bufferand H, Valentinuzzi M, Fedorczak N, Ciraolo G, Serre E, Marandet Y, Maurizio R, De Oliveira H, Labit B, Komm M, Faitsch M, Elmore S. Application of a two-fluid two-point model to SolEdge2D-EIRENE simulations of TCV H-mode plasma. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Autricque A, Peillon S, Gensdarmes F, Sow M, Fedorczak N, Roche H, Pluchery O, Grisolia C. Dust remobilization from rough planar surfaces in tokamak steady-state plasmas. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Meyer O, Giacalone JC, Gouin A, Pascal JY, Klepper CC, Fedorczak N, Lotte P, Unterberg EA, Fehling DT, Harris JH. Visible spectroscopy diagnostics for tungsten source assessment in the WEST tokamak: First measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10D105. [PMID: 30399672 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work concerns the measurements obtained with the Tungsten (W) Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST) visible spectroscopy system during the first experimental campaign. This system has been developed in the framework of the WEST project that equipped the existing Tore Supra device with a tungsten divertor in order to test actively cooled tungsten Plasma Facing Components (PFC) in view of preparing for ITER operation. The goal of this diagnostic is to measure the PFC sources and the deuterium recycling with spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution adapted to the predicted power deposition profiles on the objects observed. Three kinds of PFCs are monitored: the Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) antenna and Low Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) launcher W limiters; one of the 6 W inner bumpers; and the upper and lower W divertors. Large-aperture in-vessel actively cooled optical systems (f-number ∼ 3) were installed for each view and connected to optical fibres. A total of 240 optical fibers can be distributed on various detection systems including a fast response-time, multi-channel, filtered photodetector-based "Filterscope" system, developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA) as well as grating spectrometers optimized for multi-sightline analysis. The first WEST experimental campaign conducted in 2017 has been dedicated to plasma start-up development during which the visible spectroscopy system has provided crucial information related to the impurity content first and then impurity sources. The diagnostic setup for that first experimental campaign was limited to the inner bumper and outer limiters but was sufficient to demonstrate that the optical setup was in accordance with the specifications. The radiance calibration procedure allowed us to estimate fluxes from the main limiter of about 8 × 1018 atoms/(s m2) and to show a first W source radial profile along the outboard limiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Meyer
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | - A Gouin
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - J Y Pascal
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | - N Fedorczak
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Ph Lotte
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | | | | | - J H Harris
- ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6169, USA
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Février O, Theiler C, De Oliveira H, Labit B, Fedorczak N, Baillod A. Analysis of wall-embedded Langmuir probe signals in different conditions on the Tokamak à Configuration Variable. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:053502. [PMID: 29864827 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the current wall-embedded Langmuir probe system installed on the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV), as well as the analysis tool chain used to interpret the current-voltage characteristic obtained when the probes are operated in swept-bias conditions. The analysis is based on a four-parameter fit combined with a minimum temperature approach. In order to reduce the effect of plasma fluctuations and measurement noise, several current-voltage characteristics are usually averaged before proceeding to the fitting. The impact of this procedure on the results is investigated, as well as the possible role of finite resistances in the circuitry, which could lead to an overestimation of the temperature. We study the application of the procedure in a specific regime, the plasma detachment, where results from other diagnostics indicate that the electron temperature derived from the Langmuir probes might be overestimated. To address this issue, we explore other fitting models and, in particular, an extension of the asymmetric double probe fit, which features effects of sheath expansion. We show that these models yield lower temperatures (up to approximately 60%) than the standard analysis in detached conditions, particularly for a temperature peak observed near the plasma strike point, but a discrepancy with other measurements remains. We explore a possible explanation for this observation, the presence of a fast electron population, and assess how robust the different methods are in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Février
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Theiler
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H De Oliveira
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Labit
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Fedorczak
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - A Baillod
- Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Fedorczak N, Gunn J, Nace N, Gallo A, Baudoin C, Bufferand H, Ciraolo G, Eich T, Ghendrih P, Tamain P. Width of turbulent SOL in circular plasmas: A theoretical model validated on experiments in Tore Supra tokamak. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Ciraolo G, Bufferand H, Bucalossi J, Ghendrih P, Tamain P, Marandet Y, Valentinuzzi M, Denis J, Fedorczak N, Hodille E, Mellet N, Pegourie B, Grisolia C, Bourdelle C, Tsitrone E, Galassi D, Leybros R, Giorgiani G, Serre E. H-mode WEST tungsten divertor operation: deuterium and nitrogen seeded simulations with SOLEDGE2D-EIRENE. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Galassi D, Tamain P, Baudoin C, Bufferand H, Ciraolo G, Fedorczak N, Ghendrih P, Nace N, Serre E. Flux expansion effect on turbulent transport in 3D global simulations. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Gallo A, Fedorczak N, Maurizio R, Theiler C, Elmore S, Labit B, Reimerdes H, Nespoli F, Ghendrih P, Eich T. Effect of plasma geometry on divertor heat flux spreading: MONALISA simulations and experimental results from TCV. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Languille P, Gunn J, Corre Y, Moncada V, Bucalossi J, Fedorczak N, Firdaouss M, Guilhem D, Houry M, Missirlian M, Pégourié B, Richou M, Roubin P, Tsitrone E. Evaluation of peak power flux densities based on full ion orbit calculation: Application to WEST ITER-like target. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Manz P, Fedorczak N, Dittmar T, Baloniak T, von Keudell A. Nonlinear evolution of surface morphology under shadowing. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:042404. [PMID: 23679426 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.042404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorocarbon thin-film deposition is studied, which shows an anomalous high dynamic growth exponent and therefore does not fit in any universal class of fractal surface growth models. A detailed analysis of the nonlinear behavior of the surface morphology evolution is carried out, quantifying several features of the shadowing instability. A synergy effect with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang nonlinearity, which couple the large scales induced by shadowing with intermediate scales, may explain the anomalous high growth exponent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Association Euratom-IPP, 85748 Garching, Germany
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24
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Thakur SC, McCarren D, Lee T, Fedorczak N, Manz P, Scime EE, Tynan GR, Xu M, Yu J. Comparison of azimuthal ion velocity profiles using Mach probes, time delay estimation, and laser induced fluorescence in a linear plasma device. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10D708. [PMID: 23126882 DOI: 10.1063/1.4731005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We compare measurements of radially sheared azimuthal plasma flow based on time delay estimation (TDE) between two spatially separated Langmuir probes, Mach probes and laser induced fluorescence (LIF). TDE measurements cannot distinguish between ion fluid velocities and phase velocities. TDE and Mach probes are perturbative, so we compare the results against LIF, a non-perturbative, spatially resolved diagnostic technique that provides direct measurements of the ion velocity distribution functions. The bulk ion flow is determined from the Doppler shift of the Argon absorption line at 668.6139 nm. We compare results from all the three diagnostics, at various magnetic fields, which acts as a control knob for development of drift wave turbulence. We find that while Mach probes and LIF give similar profiles, TDE measurements typically overestimate the velocities and are also sensitive to the drift wave modes being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chakraborty Thakur
- Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California at San Diego, 92093, USA.
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Xu M, Tynan GR, Diamond PH, Manz P, Holland C, Fedorczak N, Thakur SC, Yu JH, Zhao KJ, Dong JQ, Cheng J, Hong WY, Yan LW, Yang QW, Song XM, Huang Y, Cai LZ, Zhong WL, Shi ZB, Ding XT, Duan XR, Liu Y. Frequency-resolved nonlinear turbulent energy transfer into zonal flows in strongly heated L-mode plasmas in the HL-2A tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:245001. [PMID: 23004280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The absolute rate of nonlinear energy transfer among broadband turbulence, low-frequency zonal flows (ZFs) and geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) was measured for the first time in fusion-grade plasmas using two independent methods across a range of heating powers. The results show that turbulent kinetic energy from intermediate frequencies (20-80 kHz) was transferred into ZFs and GAMs, as well as into fluctuations at higher frequencies (>80 kHz). As the heating power was increased, the energy transfer from turbulence into GAMs and the GAM amplitudes increased, peaked and then decreased, while the energy transfer into the ZFs and the ZFs themselves increased monotonically with heating power. Thus there exists a competition between ZFs and GAMs for the transfer of turbulent energy, and the transfer into ZFs becomes dominant as the heating power is increased. The poloidal-radial Reynolds stress and the mean radial electric field profiles were also measured at different heating powers and found to be consistent with the energy transfer measurement. The results suggest that ZFs play an important role in the low-to-high (L-H) plasma confinement transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xu
- Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California at San Diego, California 92093, USA
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Manz P, Xu M, Müller SH, Fedorczak N, Thakur SC, Yu JH, Tynan GR. Plasma blob generation due to cooperative elliptic instability. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:195004. [PMID: 22181616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.195004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using fast-camera measurements the generation mechanism of plasma blobs is investigated in the linear device CSDX. During the ejection of plasma blobs the plasma is dominated by an m=1 mode, which is a counterrotating vortex pair. These flows are known to be subject to the cooperative elliptic instability, which is characterized by a cooperative disturbance of the vortex cores and results in a three-dimensional breakdown of two-dimensional flows. The first experimental evidence of a cooperative elliptic instability preceding the blob-ejection is provided in terms of the qualitative evolution of the vortex geometries and internal wave patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manz
- Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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