Prognostic Significance of CEA and CA 19–9 inc Colorectal Cancer in Kuwait

Preoperative CEA and CA 19–9 levels have been used in the past as prognostic indicators in colorectal cancer, but Dukes’ stage is still considered to be the most important prognostic factor. Recent survival estimates may have been influenced by the fact that in the last decade adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative irradiation have been included in the routine management of advanced-stage disease. In a heterogeneous Kuwaiti population higher reference levels (95th percentile) of CEA and CA 19–9 have been found than those usually employed. In the present study 62 patients with Dukes’ stage B + C could be analyzed for two-year disease-free survival (DFS). Relapse was observed in 19 patients, 28 patients were disease free and 15 patients with censored observations were included. No significant difference in DFS was observed in Dukes’ B (69%) versus Dukes’ C (48%) patients (p=0.09). On the other hand, Dukes’ stage B+C patients with elevated preoperative levels of CEA or CA 19–9 had a significantly poorer DFS than patients with normal levels. For CEA levels below or above the cutoff the DFS was 74% versus 23% (p=0.003); for CA 19–9 levels below or above the cutoff the DFS was 71% versus 33% (p=0.004). In 54 patients with Dukes’ stage B+C for whom preoperative levels of both CEA and CA 19–9 were available multivariate analysis revealed a decreasing risk of relapse in the following order: CEA and/or CA 19–9 elevated (chi-square 7.09; p=0.008), CA 19–9 elevated (chi-square 6.27; p=0.01), CEA elevated (chi-square 5.47; p=0.02), and Dukes’ C (chi-square 2.08; p=0.15 n.s.). Hence, novel treatment protocols may have improved the disease-free survival, but the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is of questionable benefit in patients who have elevated levels of CEA and/or CA 19–9 prior to treatment.

Laparoscopic splenectomy for hematological disorders

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in patients with hematological disorders of the spleen.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Between 1999 and 2001, 15 patients (11 female and 4 male), with a mean age of 30 years, underwent LS after preoperative evaluation. If difficulties were encountered in LS, one trocar site incision was enlarged to 7-8 cm to engage the left hand for hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) and the procedure was completed. Various parameters were reported, including spleen size as assessed by ultrasound scan, postoperative mortality and morbidity rates, accessory spleen removal, conversion rate, operative times and length of hospital stay. LS was successfully completed in 9 patients (60%) and HALS was performed in 4 patients (26.6%). Two patients required conversion to open splenectomy.

RESULTS

The mean operative time was 209 min and the mean hospital stay was 8.1 days. The hospital stay was significantly longer among HALS patients than LS patients. The mean age of patients and splenic size were associated with a significantly higher conversion rate. No deaths were attributed to the procedure. Complications occurred in 2 of 15 patients. Accessory spleens were identified in 2 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

LS is both a safe and feasible procedure, but it requires great technical care to avoid serious complications.