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Khav N, Cheng K, Ramkumar S, Nerlekar N, Mottram P, Nicholls S, Moir S. Can a simple echocardiographic Doppler VTI based flow comparison between the RVOT and LVOT assist in identifying patients with a significant atrial septal defect? Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Detection of haemodynamically significant shunting from atrial septal defect (ASD) can be identified by using the pulmonary-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs). However, calculation of Qp/Qs by echocardiography relies on geometric assumptions that outflow tracts are circular, suffers from squared linear measures, and accurate measurement of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) diameter is challenging. Whilst adults with ASD should have overt right ventricular dilatation, RV sizing on echocardiography is often subjective and underappreciated. We evaluated whether a dimensionless index of flow (VTI) differences between the RVOT and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) could assist in identifying patients with ASD, and compared it with relative atrial index (RAI), a parameter previously assessed in identifying atrial shunting.
Methods
Data from 64 consecutive patients who underwent ASD closure and had no concomitant lesions, were compared with 63 normal controls. RVOT VTI, LVOT VTI, LVOT diameter, and atrial areas were measured.
Results
Between controls and ASD patients, there was no difference in LVOT VTI or forward stroke volume, but ASD patients had significantly higher RVOT VTI. The RVOT-LVOT VTI ratio was 1:1 in controls and 1.5:1 in ASD patients. Area under the ROC curve analysis of RVOT-LVOT VTI ratio was 0.83, and a ratio of 1.1:1 predicted patients with ASD with 86% sensitivity and 73% specificity. In comparison, the area under the ROC curve analysis of RAI was 0.70, and an RAI of 1.05:1 predicted patients with ASD with 77% sensitivity and 44% specificity.
Conclusion
Calculation of the dimensionless RVOT-LVOT VTI ratio is simple, and may be a useful additional semi-quantitative tool to assist cardiologists and sonographers in detecting atrial shunting, particularly in patients with borderline or overt right heart dilatation, and identify who patients should undergo further evaluation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khav
- Monash Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | - K Cheng
- Monash Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | | | - P Mottram
- Monash Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - S Moir
- Monash Health , Melbourne , Australia
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Khav N, Cheng K, Ramkumar S, Nerlekar N, Mottram P, Nicholls S, Moir S. Can a Simple Echocardiographic Doppler VTI Based Flow Comparison Between the RVOT and LVOT Assist in Identifying Patients With a Significant Atrial Septal Defect? Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rashid H, Michail M, Khav N, Tan S, Nasis A, Cameron J, Nicholls S, Gooley R. Association between prosthesis geometry and leaflet thrombosis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Leaflet thrombosis (LT) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a recognised condition. The association between prosthesis geometry [expansion, implant depth and commissural alignment (CA)] and LT is unclear.
Methods
Patients that received intra-annular TAVR prosthesis and post-procedure computed tomography (CT) with a 320-slice scanner were included. LT, defined as at least 50% restricted leaflet motion, was assessed with a dedicated 3Mensio workstation by two experienced CT readers. Prosthesis expansion was defined as actual divided by expected prosthesis area as a percentage of expected area whilst eccentricity was [(maximum diameter − minimum diameter) / maximum diameter) × 100%], both measured at prosthesis inflow, annulus and outflow. Implant depth was the average distance between prosthesis inflow and nadir of each cusp. CA was the average angle between each native and prosthesis leaflet coaptations. Significant commissural misalignment (CMA) was defined as CA greater than 30 degrees. To exclude anticoagulation bias, similar analysis was also performed in the cohort of non-anticoagulated patients.
Results
117 patients were included; the prevalence of LT was 13.7% [13/93 cases (14.0%) of Lotus valves and 3/24 cases (12.5%) of Sapien 3 valves]. Baseline demographics (age, STS score, cardiac risk factors) and procedural characteristics (access site, post-dilation, repositioning) were similar in both groups. None of the patients with LT were discharged on anticoagulation therapy (0.0% vs 22.8%, p<0.01). There were no differences in actual prosthesis area, perimeter or eccentricity at the three prosthesis levels. Patients with LT had reduced annulus expansion (89.3±9.8% vs 94.6±8.3%, p=0.02), lower implant depth (6.9±1.5mm vs 4.9±1.5mm, p<0.01) and more significant CMA (81.3% vs 48.5%, p=0.02). These findings were similar in patients that were not anticoagulated (94/117 patients).
Conclusion
Patients with LT had reduced annulus expansion, lower implant depth and greater CMA. These findings were not affected by presence or absence of anticoagulation. These factors may be important considerations during procedural planning for TAVR.
Graphical abstract
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). National Heart Foundation (NHF) Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rashid
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Michail
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Khav
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Tan
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Nasis
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Cameron
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Nicholls
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Gooley
- Monash Health, Monash Heart, Melbourne, Australia
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Rashid H, Michail M, Khav N, Tan S, Tan S, Nasis A, Cameron J, Nicholls S, Gooley R. Association Between Prosthesis Geometry And Leaflet Thrombosis Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement On Assessment With 320-slice Scanner Ct. [for Consideration Of Soar Award]. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lee J, Ramkumar S, Khav N, Dundon B. 711 Triple Vessel Coronary Artery Ectasia Presenting With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Young Indigenous Man. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rashid H, Michail M, Khav N, Tan S, Amiruddin A, Nasis A, Cameron J, Nicholls S, Gooley R. 427 Utilisation of 320-slice Computed Tomography (CT) to Determine Association Between Prosthesis Geometry and Leaflet Thrombosis (LT) following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rashid H, Michail M, Ihdayhid A, Khav N, Tan S, Nasis A, Nicholls S, Cameron J, Gooley R. 012 Clinical Predictors and Sequalae of Computed Tomography (CT) Defined Leaflet Thrombosis (LT) Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) at Medium-Term Follow-Up. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ihdayhid AR, Norgaard BL, Khav N, Gaur S, Leipsic J, Nerlekar N, Osawa K, Miyoshi T, Jensen J, Kimura T, Shiomi H, Erglis A, Oldroyd K, Achenbach S, Ko B. P2238Prognostic value and incremental benefit of ischaemic myocardial burden subtended by non-invasive CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) significant stenoses. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fractional flow reserve derived from CT-coronary angiography (FFRCT) accurately identifies ischaemic vessels which may be associated with clinical outcomes. Its predictive value in grey zone FFRCT values between 0.7–0.8 is not defined. The technique permits estimation of burden of ischaemic myocardium subtended by FFRCT significant vessels.
Purpose
To evaluate the prognostic value and incremental benefit of FFRCT defined ischaemic myocardial burden when compared to FFRCT alone.
Methods
This is a subanalysis of NXT (Analysis of Coronary Blood-Flow Using CTA:Next-Steps), a prospective study of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients referred for invasive angiography (ICA) undergoing invasive FFR, CTA and FFRCT in whom treating physicians had been blinded to FFRCT results. Primary endpoint, defined as a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction and any revascularisation, was determined in 206 patients (age 64±9.5 years, 64% male) and 618 vessels. Burden of ischaemic myocardium was defined as percentage of myocardium subtended beyond the point at which a vessel's FFRCT becomes ≤0.8 as estimated by APPROACH score (FFRCT-APPROACH). In significant FFRCT vessels, the predictive value and incremental benefit of FFRCT-APPROACH was compared with significant FFRCT (≤0.8) for primary endpoint as measured by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). Significant ischaemic myocardial burden was defined as >10%. The incidence and relationship between the primary endpoint with each 10% increase in FFRCT-APPROACH and 0.05-unit decrease in FFRCT values ≤0.8 was determined.
Results
Significant FFRCT was identified in 52.9% of patients (109/206) and 29.3% of vessels (181/618). At 4.7 years median follow-up the incidence of the primary endpoint in vessels with significant FFRCT-APPROACH was 58.9% (96/163) which was comparable with vessels with significant FFRCT (55.2%,100/181; P=0.50). The predictive value of FFRCT-APPROACH for the primary endpoint was comparable with FFRCT (AUC 0.72 [95% CI 0.65–0.79] vs 0.71 [0.63–0.78], P=0.79). When combined, there was significant predictive improvement compared with FFRCT alone (AUC 0.77 [0.70–0.84]; P=0.01). The largest incremental benefit upon FFRCT was observed in vessels with FFRCT values in the grey zone between 0.70–0.80 (AUC 0.76 [0.65–0.86] vs 0.62 [0.48–0.74]; P<0.01). Each 10% increase in FFRCT-APPROACH (Adjusted-HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.16–1.60; P<0.001) and each 0.05-unit FFRCT decrease (Adjusted-HR 1.42; 1.19–1.70; P<0.001) were independently associated with significant increase in the incidence of the primary-endpoint.
Conclusion
In patients with stable CAD referred for ICA, the burden of ischaemic myocardium subtended by FFRCT significant vessels predicted non-fatal myocardial infarction and future revascularisation. This provided significant incremental benefit when used in combination with FFRCT particularly at FFRCT values in the grey zone between 0.7 to 0.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Ihdayhid
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B L Norgaard
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Khav
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Gaur
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Leipsic
- University of British Columbia, Department of Radiology, Vancouver, Canada
| | - N Nerlekar
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Osawa
- Okayama University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Miyoshi
- Okayama University Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - J Jensen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Kimura
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Shiomi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Erglis
- Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Riga, Latvia
| | - K Oldroyd
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Clydebank, United Kingdom
| | - S Achenbach
- Friedrich Alexander University, Department of Cardiology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Ko
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University and MonashHeart, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Paratz E, Khav N, Burns A. Cardiac Manifestations of Systemic Mastocytosis: a Systematic Review. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paratz E, Khav N, Burns A. Undiagnosed Systemic Mastocytosis Causing Recurrent Syncope and PEA Arrests. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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