Interventions to Improve Adherence to Medication on Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Scoping Review

INTRODUCTION

Inappropriate treatment and non-adherence use of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs trigger the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains and causes an emerging public health threat worldwide. Therefore, non-adherence to MDR-TB treatment leading to prolonged medication period, increase incidence of adverse event and financial burden, thus it requires interventions to achieve a therapeutic outcome.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aims to provide an overview of interventions to improve the adherence level to medication of MDR-TB patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A review of observational studies was conducted to discuss the accuracy, tolerability and ease of use of tonometers in measuring IOP in children with glaucoma. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were used in a scoping review. The data were synthesised using Rayyan AI. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to guide this review.

RESULTS

A total of 11 articles were included in this review to describe the various interventions in MDR-TB treatment adherence. Psychological counselling or education intervention was the most popular intervention, and it significantly increased adherence levels among MDR-TB patients. Increased adherence level patients also reported by interventions with Medication Event Reminder Monitor (MERM), Video Directly Observed Therapy (VDOT), 30-day recall and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Financial Support, mHealth Application and directly observed therapy, short course (DOTS) and DOTS-Plus programs. However, we found that Electronic Dose Monitoring (EDM) device intervention has less effect on MDR-TB patients' adherence.

CONCLUSION

The recovery of patients can be facilitated through MDR-TB treatment adherence interventions. It is acknowledged that the studies included in this review exhibit heterogeneity, with a majority showing significant improvement. Therefore, further study was required to investigate the specific on developing highly personalised interventions tailored to specific population or context, as well as to assess the cost-effectiveness of such interventions.

An insight of -50 (G>A) mutation in the direct repeat element of the β-globin gene: From Malaysian perspective

No abstract available.

Improved Efficiency of photovoltaic Module Based on Fuzzy Logic MPPT Technique

In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the maximum power point trackers are very important for increasing their efficiency. Maximum power can be achieved by using different methods such as P&O, INC so that the PV module can operate under different weather conditions and still produces maximum output power. In this paper, a smart method is presented for a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on a fuzzy logic control (FLC). The photovoltaic system consists of a solar panel type MXS 60W, DC-DC boost converter, FLC (MPP) tracker and resistive load are analyzed and simulated in MATLAB program. The output voltage of the solar panel is increased by the boost converter and it depends upon the duty cycle (D) of the MOSFET of the boost converter. Any change in the duty cycle is performed through sensing the output power of the solar panel. The controller tracks the maximum power of a solar panel by adjusting the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter switch. The simulation results show that the FLC controller can track the Maximum Power Point in a shorter time with less power oscillation around the MPP as compared to the most widely conventional method known as perturb and observe (P&O). Both techniques have been modeled and simulated in (MATLAB/Simulink).