[Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Current State of the Problem in the Bryansk Region]

BACKGROUND

The Bryansk region is one of the regions of the Russian Federation most affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986.In the conditions of a chronic uncompensated deficiency of iodine in the diet in the first months after the accident, an active seizure of radioactive iodine by the thyroid tissue took place, which inevitably resulted in an increase in thyroid diseases from the population in the future. The article presents the results of a control and epidemiological study carried out in May 2021 by specialists of the National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, aimed at assessing the current state of iodine provision in the population of the Bryansk region.

AIM

Assessment of iodine supply of the population of the Bryansk region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research was carried out in secondary schools of three districts of the Bryansk region (Bryansk, Novozybkov and Klintsy).The study included 337 schoolchildren of pre-pubertal age (8-10 years), all children underwent: measurement of height and weight immediately before the doctor's examination, which included palpation of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland); Thyroid ultrasound using a portable device LOGIQe (China) with a multi-frequency linear transducer 10-15 MHz; determination of iodine concentration in single portions of urine. A qualitative study for the presence of potassium iodate in samples of table salt (n = 344) obtained from households and school canteens was carried out on the spot using the express method.

RESULTS

According to the results of a survey of 337 pre-pubertal children, the median urinary iodine concentration (mCIM) is 98.3 μg / L (range from 91.5 to 111.5 μg / L, the proportion of urine samples with a reduced iodine concentration was 50.1%). According to the ultrasound of the thyroid gland, 17% of the examined children had diffuse goiter, the frequency of which varied from 9.4 to 29% in the areas of study. The share of iodized salt consumed in the families of schoolchildren in the study areas was 17.8% (values range from 15.6 to 19%), which indicates an extremely low level of iodized salt consumption by the population. All salt used for cooking in school canteen areas of the study was iodized, which confirms compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08.

CONCLUSION

Despite the active implementation in the Bryansk region of various preventive programs of IDD and social activities to promote the use of iodized salt, in the absence of mass prevention with the help of iodized salt to date, their unsatisfactory results should be noted.

[Monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders in the Republic of Tyva]

BACKGROUND

The Republic of Tyva is a region with a proven severe natural iodine deficiency and a high prevalence of IDD (iodine deficiency disorders). However, in the region in certain periods of time, measures were taken to eliminate iodine deficiency in the diet of the population. The article presents the results of the October 2020. by specialists of the Endocrinology Research Centre, a control and epidemiological study aimed at assessing the current state of iodine supply in the population of the Republic of Tyva. The study was carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Health of Russia within the framework of the state task «Scientific assessment of the need to take additional regulatory legal and other measures to eliminate iodine deficiency in pilot regions with severe iodine deficiency».

AIM

Assessment of iodine supply of the population of the Republic of Tuva.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research was carried out in three settlements of the republic - years. Kyzyl, Shagonar, Saryg-Sep settlement. A total of 227 pre-pubertal schoolchildren (8-10 years old) were examined with anamnesis collection, examination by an endocrinologist, palpation of the thyroid gland, collection of single urine samples into disposable eppendorfs, followed by freezing to minus 20-25 degrees to further determine the concentration of iodine in urine with using the cerium-arsenitic method in the laboratory (clinical diagnostic laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology» of the Ministry of Health of Russia). In addition, all schoolchildren underwent an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (using a portable ultrasound machine LOGIQe (China) with a multifrequency linear transducer 10-15 MHz, in the supine position). The height and weight of children was determined according to the standard method at the time of the examination. A collection of samples of edible salt, which is used in families of schoolchildren, was carried out and the presence of iodine in it was determined by an express method for the qualitative determination of potassium iodate.Parents of schoolchildren signed informed consent for the examination of children. Permission of the local ethical committee of the Endocrinology Research Centre - received, date: March 25, 2020, N 5.

RESULTS

227 schoolchildren of 8-10 years old were examined. The median concentration of iodine in urine was determined, the presence of iodine in food salt was investigated, and an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was carried out in order to clarify the iodine supply, the coverage of the use of iodized salt in nutrition and the prevalence of goiter.The median concentration of iodine in urine was 153 μg/l, the frequency of goiter was 7.7%, and the proportion of households using iodized salt was 95.2%.

CONCLUSION

Results of assessment (median urinary iodine concentration) confirm that population of Tuva, Russian Federation, has optimum iodine nutrition. The prevalence of goiter in schoolchildren significantly decreased compared to earlier assessments. The proportion of households using iodized salt indicates the effectiveness of preventive measures in the -region.