Multifunction interferometry using the electron mobility visibility and mean free path relationship

A conventional Michelson interferometer is modified and used to form the various types of interferometers. The basic system consists of a conventional Michelson interferometer with silicon-graphene-gold embedded between layers on the ports. When light from the monochromatic source is input into the system via the input port (silicon waveguide), the change in optical path difference (OPD) of light traveling in the stacked layers introduces the change in the optical phase, which affects to the electron mean free path within the gold layer, induces the change in the overall electron mobility can be seen by the interferometer output visibility. Further plasmonic waves are introduced on the graphene thin film and the electron mobility occurred within the gold layer, in which the light-electron energy conversion in terms of the electron mobility can be observed, the gold layer length is 100 nm. The measurement resolution in terms of the OPD of ∼ 50 nm is achieved. In applications, the outputs of the drop port device of the modified Michelson interferometer can be arranged by the different detectors, where the polarized light outputs, the photon outputs, the electron spin outputs can be obtained by the interference fringe visibility, mobility visibility and the spin up-down splitting output energies. The modified Michelson interferometer theory and the detection schemes are given in details.

Impact force measurement of a spherical body dropping onto a water surface

We propose a method for measuring the impact force of a spherical body dropping onto a water surface. The velocity of the center of gravity of a metal spherical body, in which a cube corner prism is embedded so that its optical center coincides with the center of gravity of the sphere, is accurately measured using an optical interferometer. The acceleration, displacement, and inertial force of the sphere are calculated from the velocity. The sphere is also observed using a high-speed camera. The uncertainty in measuring the instantaneous value of the impact force with a sampling interval of approximately 1 ms is estimated to be 8 mN, which corresponds to 0.8% of the maximum force of approximately 1.0 N.